Eshil - biography, photo, dramaturgy, personal life, cause of death

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Biography

Eschil is one of the greatest poets-playwright of the ancient Greek era, who lived in the 5th century BC. e., "Father" of the tragedy, ancestor of the genre of trilogy and tetralogia, which made changes to the concept of theatrical art. His work of "Persians" is a source of knowledge in the field of ancient history, being the only preserved model of a classic Greek play associated with modern events.

Father tragedy eschil

Books, including the creations of the poet, are still in demand by readers, his plays are successfully demonstrated on theatrical sites of the whole world.

Fate

Eschil was born about 525 to n. NS. In the Greek city of Eleusin (Elephsis), which was 20 km from Athens, in the fertile valleys of Western Attica. According to historians, his father Euphorion belonged to the class of aristocrats - Evpatridov, and the family was notable and rich.

In his youth, Eschil worked on the vineyards. According to legend, one day he dreamed of the God of Winemail Dionysis, who ordered the patterns to pay attention to the boring art of the tragedy. Waking up, the poet created his first work, with whom he performed in 499 BC. NS. And in 484 BC. NS. He won the 1st victory in the competition of playwright at the festival of Dionysia.

Elexin (Elefsis), where Eschil was born

In 490 BC e., in the height of Greco-Persian conflicts, Eschila called on military service. Together with her brother, the poet defended Athens from the invasion of Persians under the leadership of Darius I in the battle of the Marathon. Then, after 10 years, he participated in the sea battle in Salamine, which occupies one of the central places in the tragedies of Persians, and the landfasting with placas.

Eschil was part of the elected Greeks dedicated to the secrets of the demeter cult, which was forbidden to disclose under death. The poet participated in Eleusinsky mysteries, rituals reflecting the connection between life and death implying physical and spiritual cleansing.

Poet and Dramaturgome Eschyl

Aristotle and other descendants of Aeschila argue that the playwright failed to preserve the secret of the sacred cult and showed some elements of rituals on the stage in their production. For these spectators threw the author with stones and gave a court on which he recognized his ignorance. Eschila was justified, taking into account his military exploits, as well as taking into account the intercession of the younger brother of Aminias, the hero of Greco-Persian wars.

After the death of Fritich's tragian, who was the main rival of Eschil at the festivities of Dionissia, from about 473 to n. e., the playwright became the sole leader of the poets contests.

Theater of Dionysis, where the plays of Eshil were performed

There is almost nothing known about the personal life of an ancient Greek poet. Historians argue that Eschil had a wife and two children. One of the sons named Euphorion went in the footsteps of his father and became a poet tragic. After the death of the parent, he was 4 times in the theater with the plays of Eshil. Some researchers believe that it was the descendant of the Great Greek that was the author of the "Prometheus chained" tragedy. In addition, Euphorion in 431 BC. NS. Won the first prize in the literary contest, leaving behind Sophoclas and Euripid.

Greek coins with the image of Eschil

In the biography of Eschil, many white spots, however, there is information that the poet in the 470s to N. NS. Twice visited Sicily Island at the invitation of the local Tirana Gieron I.

During the 3rd visit in the 456th or 455th year BC. NS. Great playwright died. The exact cause of the death of Eschil is unknown. Biographers argue that the poet killed a turtle, discarded him on the head of an eagle or a vulture. The predatory bird accepted Lysin for the stone, which was about to split the reptile shell.

Dramaturgy

The flourishing of the creativity of Eschil fell on the period when literary competitions were popular in Greece, which took place during the festivities of Dionysia. The festival began the procession, followed by the competition of young men who performed the diffilaments, in conclusion of the jury 3 of the playwright represented their creations: drama, comedy and satire. The author of Oresteia participated in many of these competitions for which he created from 70 to 90 plays. The literary duel between Eschil and Euripid is described in the comedy Aristophane "Frogs".

Euripid and eschyl

The playwright has developed its own literary style and techniques. He brought to the scene of the 2nd actor and created a tragic dialogue between the two characters, invented the genre of trilogy and tetralogics, in which he united the dramatic and satirical works, refused to the Delphic poetry, replacing it with the traditional Homer Epos and modern historical plots.

To date, 7 tragedies of the Great Greek have reached: "Persians", "Supils", "Orestea Seven", the "Orestea" trilogy, consisting of Agamemnon's plays, "Hoefors", "Evmendy" and "Prometheus chained", authorship which remains in question. Fragments of some other plays of the playwright are preserved in quotes, they continue to be found during the excavations on Egyptian papyrus.

Illustration of Agamemenon's Piese

Eschil received the first prize at the festivities of Dionusia 13 times, it is known that all the surviving works were awarded the highest award.

The earliest of the unattached works of Eschila is the tragedy of "Persians", written around 472 BC. NS. The play is based on personal military experience of the poet, including his participation in the battle of Salamin. The playwright has created a unique creation, which was not based on the mythological plot, but a real historical event that occurred in the eyes of contemporaries. The play was part of the tetralogy, which included the lost works of "Glavk", "Fineight" and "Prometheus - Fire Beggar", united by the theme of Divine Retribution.

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The tragedy begins with the news of the defeat of Persians in the sea battle, which the messenger handed over to Atosts, Mother King Kerks. A woman goes to the tomb of her husband Darius, where the ghost of the ruler predicts new suffering to his native people and explains that the cause of the death of the army was the self-confidence and the arrogance of the Xerxes, which caused the wrath of the gods. The culprit of the defeat of the Persians appears at the end of the play, which ends with a crying and defeated king.

The tragedy "Seven against PhiV" was first fulfilled in 467 BC. NS. It is the final part of the incredible trilogy based on the FVAN mythology. The work was based on the topic of the intervention of the gods into the affairs of people and the idea of ​​the determining role of the policy (city) in the development of human civilization.

Bust and Portrait of Eschyl

The play tells the story of the Eteokla and Policks brothers, the heirs of the Fan Tsar Edipa, who have concluded the contract to reign in turn, but not sharing the throne and killing each other. The original ending of the play consisted of choiring about the death of the rulers, but after 50 years after the first display, it changed. In the new version of the daughter of Edip, Antigone, performs crying, and then rebels against the definition of the ban on the burial of the brave.

The topic of the Polis continued to develop in the tragedy of Eschil's "Sumaders", which is part of the lost tetralogy. In this play, the poet demonstrated a positive attitude towards democratic trends, characteristic of Athens of that time.

Amphora V century with a fragment of the tragedy of Eshil

The plot is based on 50 Danaid, the daughters of the founder of Argos, from a compulsory marriage with its cousins ​​of Egyptiad. They are asking asylums from the local ruler of Pelags, who cannot make a decision without consulting with the people. At the end of the play, people agree to help her senders and give them shelter in the city.

In the other plays of the trilogy, presumably called the "Danaida", the events of the MiP of the 50 daughters of the king, who killed 49 of their husbands in the first marriage night were described.

The only trilogy of Eschil, which remained completely, is Oresteya, created in 458 BC. NS. and consisting of Agamemnon's plays, "Hoefors" and "Evmenia". Talking the bloody history of the family of the Argos Tsar Agamemnon, the poet departs from the democratic positions, proclaimed in previous works, and exhibits the power of the Areopag and the justice of the law.

Amphora with a fragment of the tragedy of Eschil

The first tragedy of the trilogy describes the return of the Mycena Tsar Agamemnon after the victory in the Trojan War. His cliques's wife is angry with the fact that the ruler for the sake of glory brought the gods to the sacrifice his own daughter with infigration and kept Kassandra in the concubine. The propheted predicts the murder of Agamemnon and his death from the hands of an offended spouse. At the end of the play, the son of the king appears, Orest, who considers to take revenge for the murder of the Father.

"Hoeofors" continue the narration, started in Agamemnon. The heir to the king, together with his sister, invent the place of revenge of C Climetre and her beloved aetist. Then the choir tells about a terrible dream of the queen, which gives birth to a snake. To redeem the blame in front of her husband, the government orders the inspection on the grave of Agamemnon, but takes death from the hand of Orest. In the last scene, the killer of the mother surrounds Four, Avengers guilty to the death of relatives.

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In the final play of "Orestei", the son of Agamemnon is looking for atonement for the perfect crime, appears before the court of Athena, which frees it from the persecution of Fury, which from the evil avengers are reborn in good-natured accompanying and falling by Evmenia.

The last of the preserved Pieces of Eschila, the tragedy of "Prometheus chained", is part of the "Prometheus" trilogy. Since the end of the 19th century, scientists began to doubt the authorship of Greek playwright on stylistic reasons. The work is static scenes illustrating the myth of the abduction of fire.

Bibliography

  • 472 BC - "Persians"
  • 470th or 463 BC - "Supils"
  • 467 BC - "Seven against FIV"
  • 458 BC - Orestea (trilogy)
  • "Agamemnon"
  • "Hoofers"
  • "Evmendy"
  • 450-40-E or 415 BC - "Prometheus chained"

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