Biography
Vasily Poyarkov is a Russian pioneer of the XVII century, the Siberian Officer and, in particular, Amur Lands. He entered the story as the first researcher who made swimming along the south-west banks of the Okhotsk Sea and opened the fabulous Country of Dauraia, and with it such northern peoples, like Duckers, Nanice, Nivhi and others. Vasily Danilovich Poyarkov showed himself as a rigid military leader who attempted to conquer the found peoples, as well as a purposeful innovative, who, despite the incredible difficulties, passed to the end of the intended route.Childhood and youth
None of the historical source has preserved information about the early biography of the traveler, in particular, about the date of his birth and origin. There is information that he is a leaving of the small nobles.
Other sources write that the pool was "from serving people." Also varied information and about the native places of the pioneer. The city of Kashin is also mentioned in different resources (now Tverskaya Oblast), and the northern provisions of the then Russia.
Anyway, being a person educated, the pool was sent as a "written" head and man for special instructions to the Yakutsk governor Peter Golovin.
Expedition
Yakut voivodeship led by the head was formed in the middle of the XVII century as a stronghold of Russia in the northern territories requiring discoveries, research and development. From here, Russian pioneers began to equip an expedition to search for new lands.
Particularly excited consciousness and travelers, and royal people a fabulous country of Dauria. By that time, only units visited this edge, and everyone brought stories about the irrelevant wealth of this land. Golovin decided to obtain real evidence of the presence of Dauri treasures and equipped a special expedition to study new territories in the Amur Valley. The chapter appointed Vasily Poyarkova, a hard man, but responsible and targeted.
On July 15, 1643, the Poyarkov detachment consisting of 133 Cossacks came out of Yakutsk on 2 wooden courts. The governor shock travelers with weapons: on one vessel - a gun and 100 nuclei to her, each participant of the campaign was a philataking - an old firearm. A route map was also indicated, which included all unknown land along the mountainous coast of the Sea of Okhotsk.
The path was to be on the stormy and wayward Siberian rivers. At first, the landlords descended along Lena to the mouth of her influx of Aldan. From here stages to the rivers of the Uchur and Gonam. To overcome these browstone currents, the participants of the campaign had to drag trips every time. All this slowed down the course of the expedition, the cold occurred.
The polarks left the part of the detachment near the courts to wintering, and he himself went on. Crossed on Narts, the edge of the ridge and found himself in the Amur basin, he moved to the Valley of the Zea River, where the mysterious Dauria spread out.
With local residents, Mongolian Daurai, Poyarkov met in December 1643. These were peace-loving and working tribes, settled, were engaged in agriculture and cattle breeding. There were many supplies, game and grains in their covers. Dauras built wooden dwellings, in the center of which burned the hearth. They sewed clothes out of leather and skins, as well as from silk, which was dug out from the Chinese instead of the fur. Already then they knew the trading paths for which goods were seized from Asia.
Seeing such treasures, the pool decided to act from the position of force. He immediately captured several local faeodals hostage, having put forward a condition - from now on to pay tribute to the Russian king. Daura in response was asked by wintering Poyarkov. Hunger began in the Cossacks. But the head of the expedition showed himself as a despotic Tirant, who did not give out the gram of flour as his ward.
People fed on the crust of trees, Padalu, began diseases, led by the Mor. The dyed dawiers wanted to take advantage of the situation and destroy the uninvited guests, but they applied firearms and killed the attackers. Due to the strong hunger, even the corpses of enemies were enemies.
Fortunately, spring came and the part of the detachment with the supplies left on Gonam came to his profile. The siege ring broke up. The Siberian detachment was noticeably kept, less than 100 people were left, together they went down on the zee river, and then they remembered during the Amur. Going down the river, the pools meets the settlements of other Assurian tribes. But they already knew about the cruel nras of the sucked Russians and did not allow them to pester to the shore, sending arrows in their side.
Cossacks had to go through the fight with the dunes tribe. These hardworking landpads destroyed the detachment that the pool sent to intelligence. Then travelers entered the ownership of the fishing tribe of the Gold. Their head of the expedition was not touched - the people lived very poorly, there was nothing to take with them.
But the gilacs living in the mouth of the Amur, who also produce fish, voluntarily paid Yasak with sables and swore at the loyalty of Russia. From Gilakov Siberian for the first time heard about the rich fur island of Sakhalin, where "hairy people" allegedly live - Aina. Poyarkov decided to stay in these places to wintering, which was delayed, as a result, the Cossacks again had to endure hunger. Only in May, when ice came up from the river, the Powekkovers, the Moody Ship came to Amur Liman.
But on this adventure of exhausted pioneers were not over. After 3 months of swimming, the expedition court fell into a storm. The forced wintering was followed. In the area of the mouth of the River Belya Cossacks, I found the hut, in which the Russian traveler Ivan Moskvitin had already been wintering. New vessels were incomplete here, on which researchers are river, in Lena returned home, Yakutsk. It happened in 1646, about 50 exhausted people remained from the once large squad.
Vasily Danilovich Poyarkov stayed on the expedition of 3 years, having passed the path of 8 thousand kilometers. Despite the many victims and mistakes of the main pioneer in establishing connections with new peoples, the results of the journey were impressive.
Zeysco-Burein plain was opened. Vasily Poyarkov first descended from the Zea on Amuru to the sea. Ascended the first information about Sakhalin Island, brought cards with accurate application of Siberian rivers, records of life and the parties living in the Amur Valley, as well as other interesting facts about the geography of the past site.
But the main contribution of the pioneer is not just a study of the Amur basin for its suitability for life and agriculture, this is a proven fact of the insecurity of the Amur tribes, the absence of a strong centralized state. The report of the Yakutsk governor of the Poyarkov openly lobbs the idea of developing Amur Lands:
"In that (i.e., in the acquisition of the Amur), the sovereign will be a lot of profit."
For further fate, Poyarkov write that upon arrival from the campaign he was met no longer, and the temporary paradise of Vochkin V. Pushkin appointed to his place. The surviving participants of the campaign wrote to Vasily complaint, but she remained unanswered.
Until 1648, the polarks continued to serve as a "written" head, and then was aimed at raising in Moscow, where he was transferred from the specific nobility to Moscow, enrolling on a full provision. There is information that at the end of the 1650s, Vasily Danilovich served as a governor in the city of Urper.
Personal life
About how the personal life of the discoverer was developed whether he had a wife and children, nothing is known. There is also no information about his brothers and sisters that might leave behind the genus.Death
Historians suggest that the death of the pioneer occurred around 1667-1668, since these years the last mention of him in the chronicles is dating. Apparently, the rest of the life of Vasilya studied on the laurels, surrounded by honor and prosperity, and died from natural reasons.
Portraits and sculptural images of the Amur discoverer have been preserved to this day. The name of Poyarkova is immortalized in the names of urban streets (Khabarovsk, Yakutsk, North-Kurilsk), a number of shipping objects on Amur.