Biography
Yakub Kolhas is a talented prose and the poet, born in the late 19th century, the author of many stories, poems and poems for children and adults. He lived a long and hard life - his biography accommodates 2 wars, revolution and personal dramas. The KOLAS is often compared with an equally famous contemporary Yanke Puppy - they were both expressives of the national self-consciousness, however, unlike him, Kolas is a more realistic, concrete author, not inclined to romanticize the difficulties of life.Childhood and youth
Yakub Kolas is a pseudonym, the present name of the writer - Konstantin Mikhailovich Mitskevich. By nationality, he is Belarusus, born on November 3, 1882 in Akinchitsy - a small village in the pillars, where his father worked as a forester. A year after the birth of a small bone, the family moved to the swallow. There, the sons entered the training for Alesia Fursiewicz, who attacked them the initial skills of reading and writing.
In 1892, Mitskevich entered Nikolayevshchinsky primary school, where the world of literature was opened - fairy tales, poems and prose Pushkin, Basen Krylov. In adolescence, Konstantin had a lot with his uncle Anton, in a man who had greatly influenced the book tastes of the boy.
After graduating from school, Konstantin settled with his parents in Albuti, where he helped them to lead the economy and at the same time prepared for admission to the pedagogical seminary. By 1894, the first literary experiments of Mitskevich are the poem "Spring", the fancy "Fox and a crow". The Father encouraged his passion and dreamed that the son would tele "in people" and will not earn heavy physical labor.
Poetry and Prose
In 1898, the young man became a student of the Nesvizhsky gymnasium, where he was given a place for the state account. During his studies, he read Russian and domestic classics (for example, it was then that he met the work of Yankee Luchin, which made a huge impression on him), and also carefully collected and recorded local fairy tales, legends and signs. At the same time, Mitskevich tries to write prose in Belarusian and compose poems about nature ("Creek", "in the field of spring").
It is known that at that time the poems "Fear" and "near the fire" were created, but, unfortunately, their texts were not preserved. The young writer found support among teachers of the seminary. F. Kudrinsky became especially interested in him, who saw the future keeper of Belarusian culture and heritage in it.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Konstantin Mikhailovich, having received the work of the teacher in the Polesskaya village, began public work: he took and read illegal literature, brought acquainted with revolutionary, conducted conversations with peasants. Participation in the underground congress of education figures July 9, 1906 put a cross on his teaching activity - the meeting was dispersed by representatives of power, and Mitskevich deprived of the right to work.
Until that time, the works created by the writer were in the table. The first publication took place only on September 1, 1906 - in the Vilnius newspaper "Our share", which was published in the Belarusian language, a one of the poems signed by Yakub Kolas appeared. Mitskevich had another pseudonym - Uncle Karus, under which his prosaic work was published for the first time - the story of "Slobodi", but later he finally made a choice in favor of the first name.
At this time, the writer enters a new level: from ordinary household lives, it moves to the allegories and philosophical understanding of reality. This genre is written by his famous book "Tales of Life". In 1906, despite the ban of the authorities, Kolas returned to the work of the teacher and opened a private school in the village of Smolyarn.
In 1907, he moved to Vilnius to borrow the head of the head of the Literary Department proposed by him in the local newspaper "Our Niva", but a few weeks were forced to leave the city at the request of the police. He spent the next winter in the village of Sani, and in 1908 he was arrested and sentenced to a 3-year imprisonment for antisocial activities. Part of the accusations was false, but the writer could not prove this.
All put 3 years old Kolhas spent in Minsk Ostrog. He Korotal time for writing new poems and stories and passed them to the will to publish. It was then that he turned to major literary forms and began work on the poems "Syon-Music" and "New Earth". In 1910, the first large collection was published.
Coming out of prison, Yakub Kolhas again turned to teaching - first worked in the village of Kuratichi, and then in the Pinsky parish school. In 1912, a collection of stories in Vilnius came out, and in 1913, individual works were published in St. Petersburg.
When the First World War began, Kolas took the family to the Moscow province and went to military service. In 1917, he served in the rank of a porquet in the Romanian front, but after severe illness he was allowed to return home and resume teacher work. The verses of the Belarusian poet sounded anti-war motives and the call for the restoration of the destroyed war villages and villages.
PIC Public Activity Yakub Kolas fell on 1920-1930. He received the title of "People's Poet of the Belarusian SSR" and a lifetime pension, but soon got into the field of view of the repressive organs. Searches and interrogations followed, accusations in the propaganda of fouls. KOLASA was forced to publish in "political mistakes". Its position became hopeless: as a citizen he was under total control, as the Creator - in complete impasse. He could not glorify the politics of the party and did not know how to make it impossible to do it.
The events of the Great Patriotic War, the poet devoted the collections "Voice of Earth", the poems "Retribution" and "Court in the Forest". For these works, he received the title of Honored Worker, after which he returned to Minsk.
During the Great Patriotic War, the poet lived near Moscow, in Klauzme, Tashkent, Moscow. In verses ("Consisters", 1942; "Voice of the Earth", 1943), the poems "Court in the Forest" (1942), "Retribution" (1943-1944), journalistic articles of the Second World War, he glorified patriotism, heroism of Soviet people , Oblitsa, the naughty nature of fascism. In 1944, Yakub Koloms awarded the title "Honored Science Worker of the Belarusian SSR."
Personal life
With the future wife, Maria, the writer met at the teacher's courses in Pinsk. They were combined with a marriage in June 1913 and lived together for 33 years.
In the personal life of the couple was serenely happy, and the wife put a lot of effort to open the creative gift of her husband. Maria gave birth to three children - Mikhail, Daniel and Yuri. Kolas survived the favorite spouse, which was not in May 1945, after a complex operation, and until the end of his life burned about the loss.
Death
At the end of life, the health of the writer has greatly weakened. In the past 10 years, he often sick with inflammation of the lungs, but even in bed continued to work. On August 13, 1956, Yakub Kolhas died right behind the desktop. The cause of death is definitely not known, most likely, she became a newly aggravated pulmonary disease. The body of the writer was buried in Minsk, at the military cemetery.
The name of Yakub Kolas is National Academic Drama Theater in Vitebsk, Central Scientific Library, Square in the capital of Belarus and more than a dozen streets in different cities.
Bibliography
- 1910 - "Songі-fasteners"
- 1912 - "Apavadnі"
- 1913 - "Breakfast. Yak Yurr Zbagatsў »
- 1921 - Kazki Zhetsya "
- 1923 - "New Zyml"
- 1925 - "Prshai Kroki"
- 1926 - "On the Prastoras of Zhatsy"
- 1927 - "Halbі Palsya"
- 1932 - "Adshchapets"
- 1934 - "Drygg"
- 1946 - "Admplate"
- 1955 - "On the Rostazakh"