Biography
Yaroslav Gashek - Czech writer, which brought the book "Adventures of the Brave Soldier Soldier". In a satirical novel, he described the most important problems of the century, making them easy for the perception of contemporaries and descendants.
Yaroslav Gashek was born in Prague on April 30, 1883. The writer had a brother, Boguslav, which appeared on 3 years later. The family came from an ancient kind. Father boys, Joseph, worked as a physician teacher and mathematics. The grandfather of the mother of Katerzhin was a deputy of Parliament convened after the revolution of 1848. Parents met in the town called Pisek and after 13 years after the meeting got married.
The family moved to Prague. It is impossible to call it safely. Father of the family tried to take care of tomorrow and tried to provide loved ones. From the dampness, he was addicted to drinking. The kidney men could not withstand: the operation was required that Joseph did not survive. Caring for children lay on the shoulders of the mother, who tried to earn sewing linen.
It was not easy to pay for the removable housing, so Gasheki was constantly moving. It affected Yaroslav's academic performance at school. The first 2 years after admission to the gymnasium, the boy was an excellent student, in the 4th grade she became a second-day job, and after and abandoned his studies at all. In 1897, yesterday's schoolboy was among the revolutionaries who came to the Prague streets. He grabbed the police.
The guy was not easy to get in life. Having left school, he could not find a job. For some time, Yaroslav worked as an assistant in a pharmacist shop. In the 1899-M, Hashek was entered the trading academy, which he graduated in 1902. Having completed training, the young man knew Polish and German languages, owned by Russian, Hungarian and French.
Together with the friends of Yan Chulenom and Viktor Into, he spent the first holidays in Slovakia. He took the next trip to the company in Tatra. Travels played not the last role in the life of Gashek. The young man began to compose the first stories and write essays.
The author's work appeared in the National Gazette. Their displays, humorous component and caricature of images. The accusatory talent of Gashek was obvious to the public. In the fall of 1902, Yaroslav Gashek became an employee of Slavia Bank. The rebellious soul of the writer demanded freedom, so the beginning the author fled from the routine and quit. He joined the Macedonian rebels, when a revolutionary movement originated in the Balkans in 1903.
For about a year, Yaroslav traveled in Slovakia, Poland and the Czech Republic, where it periodically turned out to be arrested for vagabond. Returning home, he was unrecognizable. A young man in unlimited quantities drank a squirrel, chewing tobacco and smoked. Hashek declared himself an anarchist and settled to work in the magazine "Omladin". Delivery newspapers in mines and, making the first accumulations, went to Germany. A year later, he again ended up in his hometown.
In 1905, Yaroslav Hashek was among the participants of the literary circle, which published the magazine "Modern Belly". His chapter was the cousin of a novice journalist and a part-time policeman. The sense of humor Yaroslav quickly appreciated readers and colleagues. The notes of the correspondent appeared in other newspapers and magazines.
From 1906 to 1915, Gashek was a typical representative of European Bohemia, who lived in a constant lack of money and the absence of confidence in the future. In 1909, he became the editor of the magazine "The World of Animals", where as payment, in addition to fees, received additional 30 zł and 2 liters of beer per day. In the post editor, Yaroslav lasted 2 years.
In 1911, hero first appeared on the pages of humorous editions of the "joker" and "caricatures", subsequently brought world glory to the writer. 5 stories about the soldier Schwekka were published here. In the 1912-m, Gashek was released a collection of stories called "Brave soldier Schweik and other amazing histories."
Military service
In winter, the 1915th writer called to the army. Disciplinary punishments and the lack of ability to carry military duties led to the fact that in the fall of the same year he was captured by the Russians. The gasha fell into the camp at first near Kiev, and then under Samara.
In 1916, the writer joined the volunteer regiment and after 2 years he was a member of the Bolshevik Party. Czech by nationality, Gasheki considered senseless to fight against Slavs for the benefit of Austria. He worked in the Eastern Front Polytotel and along with the army went to Irkutsk. Carrying service, the writer published essays in front-line newspapers.
In 1920, Yaroslav Gaskeque managed to return home. According to documents of the Austrian prisoner, he left Moscow and arrived in Prague. Now the alcohol addiction has been supported not by azar of life, but the awareness of her burden. The writer roused for a social bottom. The hero came to the rescue, invented before the start of military events. Having moved from Prague to Lypnice, the author began to write new works.
Books
People said that the idea of a funny soldier Schwek came to the Gaskece in the Kabachea, when he listened to the bikes of a drinking companion who left the service. The satirical image took the ideal embodiment in the imagination, and the story "Olukh in the company" appeared on the world, who had the second name: "The soldier who pretended to the fool."
Perceiving life in the prism of humor, the author created works in this vein. In 1911 he was called the most prolific Czech writer. Yaroslav composed 120 humors and fechens and continued to complement the Soldier's biography by interesting facts and events. Hashek ridiculed troops, military cruelty, humiliation associated with this activity.
The existence of the army in his narratives seemed to be worthless and insignificant. So the gashad handed the essence of the era, in which he had a chance to create. A barbecmerary humor and history that born from the author's biography, "passed" by police, journalism, state administration, church, various nationalities.
The images described in the essays about the Schweyt Soldier, are relevant today, because such characters to this day are found in the troops of different countries and in the world as a whole. As various events occurred in the life of the writer, his hero changed. From the fool and duplicate, he became a criminal and a simulant, mocking over the surrounding.
The publication of the book did not bring the Gashek a stable financial situation, so he was still interrupted by part-time and creating stories and articles for various editions.
Personal life
The girl named Yaroslav Gashek became the elected of Yaroslav Maineov, with whom he met in the 1900s. Czech parents were opposed to a writer who had no solid material soil. They were forbidden to meet until the pupils find a job and will not begin to lead a decent lifestyle.
Feelings pushed a man to action: he became the editor of the magazine "The World of Animals". A week later, the girl's father gave consent to marriage. Yarmil understood what was going on. The husband was a creative person, so the wife helped him in work. She wrote under dictation, and sometimes completed unfinished works.
Gashek was not an exemplary family man. Soon he again began to pass the Kabaki. After leaving the magazine "The World of Animals", the writer could not find a permanent job. He tried to become an entrepreneur, opening a firm for the sale of dogs and issuing homeless mongrels for thoroughbred individuals.
Soon the office received a lawsuit, and the family money went to pay for the work of lawyers. Father Yarmal insisted on a divorce, but she was pregnant. In 1912, the son of Richard was born. After some time, Yarmil succumbed to parents' persuasion and left the spouse, but the gap was not confirmed documented.
In 1919, a new shine appeared in the personal life of Yaroslav Gashek: Alexander Gavrilova. He met the beloved in the printing house in Ufa. Marriage was registered in 1920 in Krasnoyarsk. Alexandra did not know about the work of Yaroslav and the addictions to the alcohol not manifested in Russia. It returned, as well as the memory of the former spouse, whom the female wrote letters, calling her to become a mistress.
Death
Returning to the Czech Republic, Yaroslav Hashekka collided with the fact that he was considered a traitor, and the police even led. The personal life of the writer was discussed everywhere: he was considered a double, as marriage with the Yarmile did not dissolve officially. In 1922, together with Alexandra Yaroslav acquired real estate in the city of Lipnice. Periodically, he visited Prague, but more often was at home, where he quickly gained fame and popularity among local.
Health problems began at the writer after returning from Russia, but he did not attach importance to this. Thoughts at that time occupied work on the book. Yaroslav Gashashki died on January 3, 1923, without surviving up to 40 years. The cause of death was paralysis of the heart. The grave of the writer is located in the cemetery fence, next to the burial of suicides. The writer was forgated without a church rite.
After the death of Gashek, the husband got a husband's debts. But by the will of the case, it was not necessary to encounter their payment. Stories about a soldier Schweke suddenly began to bring money.
The works of Gashek were in demand, and the fees began to send from publications collaborating with the author. The former wife of Gashek, Yarmil, declared the rights to inheritance. The court awarded her and son 7/16 from the state, and Alexander 9/16 income. In the second marriage, the writer did not appear children.
Today, Yaroslav Gashek's photo is published in the textbooks of literature, films are removed according to his works, and the quotes from the books of the author became covered. In Bugulma and Lipnice there are museums open in memory of the writer.
Quotes
"In a crazy house, everyone could say everything that wakes up into his head, as if in Parliament." "Modesty decorates a man, but a real man of jewelry is not wearing." Moral hangover always comes.Bibliography
- 1903 - Collection of poems "May shouts"
- 1912 - a collection of "suffering Pan Tenkracrat"
- 1912 - Roman "Adventures of the Brava Soldier Schweik and other amazing histories"
- 1913 - Compilation of humoring "Guide for foreigners and other satires"
- 1915 - Satyric Collection "My Trading Dogs"
- 1920 - Collection "Two dozen stories"
- 1921 - Selected humoring "Three Men and Shark"
- 1921 - Pepachek collection new and other stories
- 1922 - Collection "Peace conference and other humoring"