Biography
Soviet director - in all official biographies, Sergei Paradzhanov is presented. Paradoxically, but, existing in the Soviet era, he never belonged to her in his conviction, always denied, rejected, criticized such ugly manifestations of building as censorship, repression, prosecution.
That is why he was always looking for that freedom that it was so unstained in his films: "Grenade Color", "Shadow of forgotten ancestors", "Ashik-Kerib" and others. Parajanov films are really as if drawn by a true artist: colorful, original, coated as a brilliant personality of the Master .
Childhood and youth
Sergey (Sarkis) Paradzhanov was born on January 9, 1924 in Tbilisi. The boy became the long-awaited son after the daughters of Anna and Ruzanne in the Armenian family of Antiquary Joseph Parajanov and Siran Bejanova. From Father Sergey inherited love for beauty and grace, artistic talent, from mother - artistry and energy, passion for theatricality.
The childhood of Sergey passed in an atmosphere resembling museum entourage and the bench of the old woman at the same time. Everywhere expensive figurines, old utensils, carpets, paintings and photos - all this director will retain in his everyday life. No wonder the contemporaries were joking that Paradzhanov "lives inside the still life."
From 1932 to 1942, the boy studied in the Russian school. He studied not brilliantly, but some subjects understood and loved. I was interested in natural science and history, and congenital talents were drawn to music, drawing and literature. Ashik-Garib and "Demon" Mikhail Lermontov, "Bakhchisarai fountain" Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin, were especially shocked.
At the end of the school, in 1942, he entered the construction faculty of the Tbilisi Institute of Railway Transport Engineers. But I quickly realized that I chose my profession. The young man pulled to work, he passed the documents to the Tbilisi Conservatory on the vocal department and to the choreographic school at the Opera House. Entered both and managed to study in two institutions.
In 1945, after the war, he moved from the Tbilisi Conservatory to Moscow, became a student of the famous teacher Nina Dorlyak. The creative life of the capital introduced a guy with cinema. Wuzzled by this type of art, Paradzhanov left the conservatory and entered VGIK to the director. Sergey's mentor became a famous director and teacher Igor Savchenko, and after the death of the last - Alexander Dovzhenko.
Films and creativity
In 1951, Sergey graduated with honors from Vgik and went to Kiev, where she had already started working on a film studio. Dovzhenko as an assistant director. Here he creates the first pictures of his filmography: Moldavian fairy tale "Andries" (1954), Social drama "First Guy" (1958), Melodrama "Ukrainian Rhapsody" (1961) and "Flower on Stone" (1962).
However, not one of these works as a master is fully satisfied. The story, the ideological and framework of all-consuming realism did not give the director to paint their own picture of the world. Paradzhanov "Separated" after the films Andrei Tarkovsky.
"Now I know how to make movies."So he exclaimed after the premiere of "Ivanov Childhood", realizing, finally, that the film can, in fact, turn into a cloth of the artist.
In 1964, the director took the picture of the "shadow of forgotten ancestors" on the work of Mikhail Kotsjubinsky. The plot was based on a Hutsul history, egging with Romeo and Juliet relationships, in the film it is Ivan and Marichka - young representatives of hostile clans, in love with each other. Love drama unfolds against the background of the colorful ethnographic motograph of the Hutsul people (residents of Karpat).
An extraordinary artistic taste, multiplied by the boundless fantasy of the director, made it possible to create without exaggerating the film School. And this was recognized not only by the masters of the national cinema, who set the "shadows ..." in one row with such a "awful", as the "ballad of a soldier" Grigory Chukhray, "fly the cranes" Mikhail Kalatozova.
Telegrams with the words of admiration and congratulations Wallo Master Michelangelo Antonioni, Jean-Luke Godar, Federico Fellini, Akira Kurosava. The film received 28 prizes in 21 countries. Among their awards at the All-Union Film Festival in Kiev, the British Academy Prize, the visa at festivals in Rome, Mar del Plata, Thessaloniki, etc.
Success inspires the director on the Kyiv fresco tape, but the original idea is to refuse all restrictions in the frame and even from acting dialogues - I didn't have to do not like officials. They accused parajanov in a "mystical-subjective" attitude to art. Understanding that in Ukraine he will not be given to work, Paradzhanov leaves an unfinished picture and leaves for Yerevan.
Here the director works on the film about the Armenian poet of the XVIII century Sayat-Nov. In the same picture before the eyes of the viewer, there are 3 stages of the poet - childhood years, youth and maturity. There are no dialogues of the heroes and a sinking monologue. The entire value of the picture is exclusively in the wealth and identity of the image.
The fate of the picture turned out to be difficult: first its production was approved by an idiotovet, but after the end of the filming, when Paradzhanov was already seen in a number of anti-state attacks, the Commission "Suddenly" saw in the tape "Rough distortion of the poet's image and an excessive manifestation of mysticism." She was returned to the refinement, which was no longer Paradzhanov. As a result, the film went to the rental of a limited edition and under a different name - "color of the grenade". But he is still considered one of the brightest samples of the master's work.
After the story from "Sayat-new", the director returned to Kiev in 1969, where, due to the ban on shooting, began writing scenarios (to the films "David Sasunsky", "Demon", "Ikar", etc.), but soon got into serious Opal after the public criticism of the party leadership and convicted censorship in 1971.
The consequences did not slow down to affect: In 1972, the filming of his paintings "Intermezzo" were stopped, a year later, Madre was under the investigation, and was soon convicted. In the life of the director there were 2 deadlines, after which the attitude towards his work revised, and the last decade of his life Sergei Iosifovich could work without looking at censorship, and enjoy the world recognition of his creativity.
In 1983, the director began working on the tape "Legend of the Surarmal Fortress". The film-legend about the young horsepower, filmed in Tandem with David Abashidze, received several kinonagrad. Proclaimed in 1985, the restructuring gave the creative intelligentsia more freedom than the friends of Parajanov used to organize his exhibition of painting, which was successful in Moscow and Yerevan.
After the painting "Arabesque on the topic of Pirosmani", the director takes on the film "Ashik-Kerib" in the same name of Lermontov. This tape dedicated to the memory of Andrei Tarkovsky received a prize at the Rotterdam and Stanbulian film festivals, was shown at the festival in Venice. Master visited many cities of the United States and Europe, met Marchello Mastroanni, Yves Saint Laurent and other outstanding contemporaries. Many of them visited his hospitable house in Tbilisi.
In 1989, Paradzhanov began shooting the autobiographical film "Confessions", which was never completed in connection with the untimely death director.
Court and conclusion
Even in the youth of Paradzhanov, he performed in support of the creative intelligentsia pursued for progressive ideas. In 1965 he supported the sixtieth dissidents, for which it was not released abroad. In 1968, opposed the censorship of the film "Andrei Rublev", signed a letter of protest 139 against political trials in Ukraine.
In a word, the opairen director has long been "on the hook" of the KGB, and in 1973, after another Kramol speech, parajanov was in a hurried order, presented by "accusations of men and pritone organizations." According to eyewitnesses, the case was not aspirated on the basis of an anonymous denunciation. Soon the first witness appeared, accusing parajanov in rape.
The director himself did not denounce his bisexuality at the court, but the fact of violence did not confirm. As a result, the Kiev Regional Court sentenced Sergey Josefovich to 5 years of imprisonment. The years of imprisonment in Paradzhanov prison recalled as a terrible test in which everything was: and beatings, and hunger, and humiliation, and a suicide attempt.
Saved one - creativity. The artist found a way of self-expression even in this cold iron cell: Paradzhanov masters "coins" from kefir caps, painted, sewed from burlap, made collages. On March 8, his friend, the widow of Vladimir Mayakovsky Lile Brick, Paradzhanov made a "bouquet" from the wire and residues of socks.
Lily Yurevna launched a wide campaign to liberate parajanov, which his colleagues from around the world were supported - Fellini, Tarkovsky, Godar, Rosselini, Bertolucci and a dozen legendary art masters signed a petition for the Soviet government. But it remained unanswered.
Paradzhanov came out, after 4 years. It is believed that His intervention of the French writer Louis Aragon was saved, who personally asked L. I. Brezhnev to release the director, hovering by the request of his wife Elz Tyole, his sister Lily Bric.
Coming out of the conclusion in 1977, Sergei Iosifovich settled in Tbilisi, attend Moscow, Yerevan, it was forbidden to him. But he still went to the capital to the performance of Yuri Lyubimov "Vladimir Vysotsky" in October 1981, where he again, without holding, made criticism to the government.
A new business, fabricated against parajanov, was founded on the fact of bribes from a job person. In February 1982, Marta was again placed in a Georgian prison. This time, arrest caused a great resonance, and after an extensive campaign to liberate the director, he was released after 9 months. A number of sources claim that before E. A. Shevarnadze ordered the poetess Bella Ahmadulin.
Personal life
For the first time, Paradzhanov married in Vgika, in 1951, in great love. The director of the director became the Tatar girl Nigar Rod from Moldova. But this story ended tragically: Relatives Nigar, having learned that she married against their will, demanded to pay redemption. Paradzhanov hoped that his father would help, giving money. But he refused, since the son did not continue a family business. I refused to throw a husband and go to the father's house Nigar Brothers were underway under the train.
Shocked Paradzhanov only in 1955 decided to seriously. The wife of Sergei Josefovich became the 17-year-old daughter of diplomat Svetlana Shcherbatyuk. In 1958, the Song Song was born in the spouses, subsequently entered the architectural institute. To live with a "talented madness," as many friends called parajanov, it was incredibly difficult. Svetlana could not and in 1961, the spouses divorced, but all their lives supported a good relationship.
There was a lot of rumors about the personal life of the shuffling director. And all of them, knowing the identity of the Great Mistitor, could be as true and false.
Death
In 1989, Sergey Parajanov found lung cancer. Operation in Moscow was unsuccessful, metastasis returned. In May, Sergey Iosifovich traveled to Paris for treatment, but it was too late.
He died on the day of arrival in Yerevan - July 20, 1990. Mother was buried in the Yerevan Cemetery - the Komitas Pantheon Pantheon.
Filmography
- 1954 - "Andries"
- 1958 - "First Guy"
- 1961 - "Ukrainian Rapseody"
- 1962 - "Flower on Stone"
- 1964 - "Shadows of forgotten ancestors"
- 1968 - "Grenade Color"
- 1984 - "Legend of the Surarmal Fortress"
- 1988 - "Ashik-Kerib"