Biography
Enrico Caruso - Italian opera tenor, successfully speaking on the best theatrical sites of Europe and America with a repertoire, ranged from lyric songs to Dramatic Aria. For his life, the singer released about 260 records made from 1902 to 1920, which embraced most of his stage career and are currently continuing to enjoy popular.Childhood and youth
Enrico Caruso was born on February 25, 1873 in the Italian Naples in the poor family. He was the third son of large parents who survived in infancy. In the memoirs dedicated to the singer's life, there was an interesting fact, according to which his mother gave birth to 21 children - 20 boys and 1 girl. This legend, voiced by a void tenor and some of his friends, was subsequently refuted by biographers and researchers.
Father Caruso, who worked as a mechanic and a loaf, believed that the Son should be a successor of the profession. At the age of 11, Enrico was given to the disciples to the engineer who built urban fountains and attracted the boy to this process.
At the insistence of Mother, Caruso visited the school and received a basic education under the supervision of a local priest. He learned to beautifully remove letters and numbers, studied the technical drawing and began to sing in church church. The boy's voice was so good that he and others thought about what he should leave design and construction and start a musical career.
The mother Enrico supported the desire of the Son to work. After her death in 1888, Caruso found the work of a street singer in Naples and to earn money to support the family, began to act in local cafes and at parties.
In the youth, tenor gave concerts in Italian resorts, which brought good income. He passed a mandatory course of military training, at the end of which was established in the thought that the music was the only thing he wanted to do.
Music
In the spring of 1895, Caruso debuted on the stage of the Neapolitan Theater Nuovo in the amateur opera of the composer Mario Morelli called "Amiko Francesco". Then followed the series of performances on the provincial concert venues, which combined with vocal lessons, which Enrico took Vincenzo Lombardi from the conductor.
There was not enough money for life, as evidenced by the appearance of a singer on an advertising photo of 1896 in a bedspread, draped as Tear, as the only shirt was in washing. At the early stage of the creative biography of the tenor during one of the concerts in Naples, Kaorazo was overwhelming, because he did not pay for executive. This incident burned the singer for living, and he swore never to speak at home.
In 1900, a breakthrough came in the career Enrico. He signed a contract with the famous Italian opera house "La Scala" and on December 26, he made up in the role of Rodolfo in the "Bohemian" composer Gakomo Puccini. Caruso toured with theatrical troupe along the European and American capitals, sang for a high-ranking audience, including the Russian king, who came to listen to the performance of Italians on the stage of the Mariinsky Theater in St. Petersburg.
The first major role Enrico became the party of Loris in the Opera "Fedor" Umberto Jordano, which he first performed in the Milan Theater "Lyriko" in 1898. He then took part in a grand concert on the stage "La Scala", dedicated to the memory of composer Giuseppe Verdi. Other participants in the presentation were the leading Italian tenors Francesco Tamano and Giuseppe Borghatti.
At the end of the contract with the theater in 1902, Caruso hired to record records, offering a fee of 100 pounds sterling. 10 disks quickly became bestsellers and helped a young singer to become famous in the English-speaking world. As a result, the leadership of the London Royal Opera House Covent Garden has acquired Enrique for the season of speeches in 8 operations, among whom were "Aida" Giuseppe Verdi and Don Juan Wolfgang Amadeu Mozart.
Cello's debut in Covent Garden took place in mid-May 1902 in the role of Matntoux in the "Rigoletto" formulation. His partner was the highest paid opera diva Nelly Melba, who praised the voice of Enrique, but considered him a less sophisticated musician than the great tenor of that time Jean de Skeke.
Holding the theater season of 1902 in London, Caruso moved to New York and signed a contract with the famous Metropolitan Opera. At the same time, Pasquale Simonelli, who became an agent, banker and an impresario of the tenor, organized the cooperation of Enrique with the recording company Victor Talking Machine, which lasted until the end of life. In February 1904, the 1st Collection of Songs, which brought a good income to the Contractor was released. There was also recorded "Santa Lucia", one of the most famous songs from the repertoire of the Great Tenor.
In addition to regular hangugers in New York, Caruso gave solo concerts in the cities of America and Europe. He toured in Europe before the beginning of the First World War, repeatedly returning to the scene of Covent Garden as part of the British tour. In 1906, during the tour of the artists of the Metropolitan-Opera in San Francisco, Enrique was in the epicenter of the earthquake. Fortunately, he and colleagues were not injured, but the theater lost a significant part of the costumes, props and scenery.
In mature years, the voice of Voice of Caruso became lower, and he moved from the lyrics to the execution of heroic opera parties. The singer toured in South America - Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil, gave a concert in Mexico City, he received $ 10 thousand for the only speech in Cuba in 1920. In September 1920, Caruso completed the work on the studio entry, which became the latter in his life.
Personal life
In 1904, Caruso acquired a luxurious villa in Italy, not far from Florence. There he rested in breaks between performances. In New York, the singer lived in the Square of Manhattan Hotel "KnickerBocker". Ending with financial difficulties, Enrico ordered the famous jewelers of Tiffany & Co. The gold medal decorated with his own profile, which Pasquale Simonelli presented his agent and friend.
An unpleasant case occurred with Caruso in 1906. He was accused of obscene behavior for pinched the married lady in the New York zoo. The tenor dumped the blame on a monkey near the cell nearby, but still he was arrested and fined $ 10. This situation almost put the cross on the singer's career, but thanks to an unusual voice and talent he managed to preserve the love and dedication of the public.
Before the beginning of the First World War, Cairo had a connection with the Italian opera singer Adoi Giachatti, which was married to Gino Botti's Manuff. During their relationship, the woman gave birth to Enrico four children, of whom two died in infant age. Diva left the spouse and settled in the house of the famous tenor, but did not become his wife. 11 years after the start of the novel, the pair broke up, and hell tried to obtain a significant part of the Cello state.
In 1918, Enrique arranged a personal life, marrying a young secular lioness Dorothy Park Benjamin. A year later, the spouses were born the daughter of Gloria. During the tour, her husband and wife exchanged romantic letters, some of which entered the memoirs written by Dorothy after the death of Caruso. Their relationship is devoted to the Music film "Great Caruso", shot by the American director Richard Trop in 1951. The role of the tenor was performed by actor and singer Mario Lance.
Death
Lifeline lifestyle and passion for smoking of strong Egyptian cigars weakened the health of the cargo. By 1920, his well-being left much to be desired. In addition, during one of the concerts on Enrique fell decoration, beating the singer to the left kidney and damaging the back. After this incident, the tenor was diagnosed with intercostal neuralgia and acute bronchitis.
After some time, Cairezo had blood out of her throat, and the singer canceled a number of performances. In 1921, purulent pleurisy and empya were added to the list of diseases discovered by the singer. It suffered 7 transactions for pumping fluid from the chest cavity and the lungs, after which there was a temporary relief.
In the summer of 1921, Enrique suffered from unbearable pain in the side, after inspecting the local neapolitan physician, his state of his health deteriorated sharply. After consulting with Roman surgeons, it was decided to remove the left kidney singer.
Caruso stopped at the hotel "Vesuvio" in Naples on the way to the capital clinic in early August 1921. He suffered with insomnia, he took Morphy and went to rest. Night tenor did not survive, he was found dead on August 2, 1921. The probable cause of death, the doctors considered peritonitis, arising against the background of subiaphragmal abscess.
Farewell to the Great Italian and his work took place in the Royal Basilica of the Church of San Francesco Di Paola. Its disheveled body was saved in a glass sarcophage at the Neapolitan cemetery del Pianto. In about 15 years, the Coffin Coffin was closed and decorated the grave by the image of the mournful Madonna.
The last day of the life of Enrique is devoted to the song "Memory of Cairo", the most famous performed by Luciano Pavarotti.
Repertoire
- Musica proIbita.
- La Donna E Moblie
- O Sole Mio.
- Torna A surriTo.
- Santa Lucia.
- Musica proIbita.
- Amor Ti Vieta.
- O SOAVE FANCIULLA.
- Siciliana.
- A Vucchella