Biography
Paul Clee is a German-Swiss artist and teacher, whose individual style was formed under the influence of advanced creative movements, including expressionism, cubism and surrealism. The painter, who studied the color theory, wrote a lot of work published in the form of "notebooks", which became recognized works in the field of contemporary art and were valued at least the great treatises Leonardo da Vinci.Childhood and youth
Paul Clee, born on December 18, 1879, was the younger of two children of Music Teacher Gansa Wilhelm Clee and the Swiss singer Ida Maria Fritz. The biography of the artist was predetermined genetically. Talented parents encouraged the fascination with art and supported the Son in all endeavors in this area.
In the school years, Paul played the violin and was so gifted by a musician that at the age of 11 years he was invited to participate in the concert of the Music Association of Bern.
Having matured, the boy postponed the instrument and became interested in visual art, began to study advanced artistic styles. Paul painted on every sheet of paper that fell into his hands. Early works were preceded by pictures on the fields of textbooks and notebooks, in which he honed the skill of the schedule, drawing lines, volumetric figures and caricatures. Pacely painting prevented their studies, so the final exams in Bern Glee Gymnasia passed with great difficulty.
In 1897, the guy began to keep a diary, which provided researchers with valuable information about the life and worldview of the young artist.
In 1898, Clee entered the Munich Academy of Arts and became a successful pander. He perfectly felt the form and perspective, but could not master the art of color reproduction. Despite all the difficulties, Paul received a bachelor's degree and went to Italy to learn the work of the great masters of the past.
Creation
Returning to Bern, Clee settled in the parent house and began to improve as an artist, from time to time visiting private painting lessons. He combined creativity with a violin game in the orchestra and the preparation of theatrical reviews. By 1905, he developed some experimental techniques of letters, including a needle drawing on a darkened glass, which produced the effect of photongan.
Working on the methodology, Paul has created 57 works, including the picture "Portrait of my Father", dated 1906. In parallel, the glue created the cycle of 11 zinc engravings with the image of grotesque characters under the name "inventions". These works were put in the local gallery, they liked visitors. The author felt satisfaction, but understood that he was capable of greater.
After marriage Career Paul froze. The artist distracted home care and search for a new style and creative approach. The shift occurred after the first personal exhibition by Clee, held in Bern in 1911, after which the writer and schedule Alfred Cuban offered the author to draw illustrations for the work of Voltaire "Candid", published in the 1920s.
At this time, the number of grotesque drawings of the artist has increased, and they showed a tendency to absurd and sarcamum. These paintings liked Kubina, and he recommended Claus to the leading art historians. In the fall of 1911, Paul, who became a circle of creative elite, became acquainted with the expressionist Augustus Mac and Abstractionist Vasily Kandinsky. Evaluating a beautiful and clear mind and penetrating confidence in new friends, the glue joined them in the editorial office of Almanach, which was called "Blue Horseman".
After a few months, the glue became one of the leading members of the creative team and at the second exhibition organized by the publication, introduced 17 graphic work. Almanac introduced an artist with modern color theories, the study of which he continued in Paris in 1912. During the trip, Paul was carried away by cubism and "pure painting" and began experiments with watercolor, the result of which were primitive landscapes.
This breakthrough in the work of Clee occurred in 1914, after visiting the North African state of Tunisia. The artist merged with the bright colors of Mediterranean landscapes and mastered the technique of using the palette.
In the paintings of this period, Paul combined graphics and painting and began to enthrainally write abstractions. Color rectangle has become the main object of artist's cloths. United with other figures, he created either a feeling of harmony, or a sense of deep dissonance characteristic of musical works.
During the First World War, Clee did not quit drawing. Working in the rear in the workshop to restore the masking of balloons, the artist created lithographs for heroic topics and arranged exhibitions from time to time.
By 1917, Paul became a rather famous painter and a schedule whose paintings recognized by art historians were well sold. The most famous work of this time was the band "AB OVO", written by watercolor on a gauze stretched over the canvas. In 1919, Clee concluded a contract with the owner of the fashion gallery Gans Golz, who brought commercial success by the artist. It was there that the painter first put a picture of the "Sunrise of the Moon and Sunset", reflecting his ideas about the magic of natural phenomena.
Since 1921, Paul has combined creativity with teaching work. He settled into the art school studio "Bauhaus", resumed friendship with Kandinsky and met other members of the talented training team. At this point in the Archive, the glue had such works as the "new angel", the "Southern Gardens" and "Diana in the Autumn Wind", subsequently acquired by the best museums of the world.
In the 1920s, the artist read lectures on art, conducted exhibitions in the US and France, traveled a lot. He wrote paintings "Seinezio" and "Golden Fish", where watercolor and oil paints combined.
The glue was an unusually productive master: in 1933 he created about 500 works. However, the next year the number of paintings decreased sharply due to unexpected health problems. The feeling of the approaching end was reflected in the works of Paul: he began using bold lines and a strange combination of geometric shapes. The alternation of large and small objects, dark and bright shades symbolized the mood differences of the fusey talent.
Personal life
In the young years, the glue was distinguished by rather frivolous behavior. He spent a lot of time in pubs, where he got acquainted with women and started the novels. The fruit of such relations was the illegitimate Son, born in 1900 and the deceased in infancy.
In 1906, Paul took the wife of the Bavarian Pianist Lily Stampf, and a child appeared in the family, who was called Felix.
The couple settled in the suburb of Munich, and as long as the young spouse gave private lessons, the farm led the glue and raised his son. For the baby Paul masters of gloves, which soon became part of the painting creativity. At the characters of fair performances, Clee honed the form of form playback and ways to create textures.
Other details of the artist's personal life did not become the property of the public.
It is known that with the coming to power of the Nazis, headed by Hitler Adhesi, became an obsolete artist in Germany. Hiding from the regime, he moved to Switzerland, but it never received the citizenship of this country.
Death
In 1934, Paul had the first symptoms of deadly disease, and for 6 years, pain attacks were replaced by remission periods.
In the spring of 1940, Clee had reached the highest point, he could not draw and constantly thought about the near end. Relief came on June 29th. The painter died in the Swiss commune of the locian district. Doctors stated that the cause of death was the refusal of internal organs provoked by scleroderma.
The artist was cremated in the city of Lugano, and his ashes ran into the city cemetery of Bern.
In 1997, the descendants of Clee were transferred to the Ministry of Culture of Switzerland, 700 paintings of the master, for the exposition of which were constructed and exhibited an exhibition center, named after the outstanding masters.
Paintings
- 1913 - "In Katoshin"
- 1914 - "Red and White Dome"
- 1919 - "Full Moon"
- 1920 - "Women's Awakening"
- 1920 - "Destroyed City"
- 1925 - "Golden Fish"
- 1927 - "Chosen Place"
- 1931 - "Light and more"
- 1937 - "Scene Landscape"
- 1940 - "Still Life"