Biography
Jacques Chirac is a politician of France, who has passed the path from the civil servant to the president of the country. By taking guidance in the government, it was distinguished by fundamental views and a firm position in relation to many world problems.
As the leader of one of the leading powers, Chirac advised for socially responsible economic policies and sharply criticized the attack of American troops to Iraq. In recent years, the reign of the head of the state has declined, and it has become one of the least popular presidents in modern French history.
Childhood and youth
Jacques Rene Shirak was born on November 29, 1932 in the prosperous Paris family of the head of the Aviation Company Abel Francois Chirak and the Marie-Louise Valette housewife. Initial Education The future president of France received in the metropolitan private school "Cours Hattemer", and then continued his studies in the lyceums of Carno and Louis-Le Gran. Having received a bachelor's degree, young Jacques 3 months served as a sailor on coal transport.
In Youth, Chirak played rugby for the youth team, and in university years defended the colors of the student sports club.
In the early 1950s, Jacques joined the Communist Party of France and graduated from the Paris Institute of Political Studies. After the holiday held at Harvard, the ambitious young man entered the National School of Management and received a diploma of a civil servant.
Having passed all possible learning steps, Chirac sign up to the French army. Having become a stock officer, he volunteered to go to war in Algeria. After the injury, Jac was demobilized, and he was ass on administrative work in the Audit Chamber of Paris.
Politics
Chirac political biography began in 1962, when the French Prime Minister George Pompidu appointed a young activist by the head of his personal headquarters. In this post, Jacques has established itself as a person who can achieve the goal at any cost, and received a nickname bulldozer.
This quality helped Shirac as soon as possible to get to the French government to the position of the Ministry of Social Affairs and enter the environment of General Charles de Gaulle. At this time, the country shook mass riots organized by workers and students who led to the resignation of the government and the change of the president. The situation created directly concerned the activities of Jacques. On debt service, he took part in negotiations with demonstrators and played a central role in conclusion of a truce.
When Pompidou became the head of the French government, he received the post of Minister of Agriculture and quickly earned a reputation as a defender of the interests of farmers and the enemy of the agricultural policy of the United States, West Germany and the European Commission.
In 1974, Shirak changed Raymond Marsellin on the leadership position in the Department of the Interior of France and since March began to prepare the presidential elections of 1976, which supported Jichard d'Esthen.
Jacques did not lose with the choice of favorite: the new head of state appointed his head of the Cabinet of Ministers in 1974. The 41-year-old politician tried to reconcile the warring parties in parliament, and also promoted a number of reforms to improve the economic and social situation in the country. The lack of power led to the fact that in 1976, Jacques left the position of the Prime Minister and began to acquire the influential supporters necessary for the struggle for the presidential chair.
In 1977, Chirac took the new post of mayor of Paris and continued to create his own political image, working for the good of the city and the country. Having been in the Palace of the hotel de Ville 18 years, Jacques held many programs aimed at improving the life of the citizens of the capital.
In the presidential election of 1981, Chirac nominated his candidacy against the current leader of the country. Without picking votes, the mayor of Paris dropped out of the race and became at the head of the Right Opposition Party at the rule of the elected Francois Mittera. When the coalition of Shiraka received the majority in parliament, the leader of the right-handed again became the Prime Minister of France and played a leading role in the country's internal affairs.
After a number of unpopular programs, Jacques lost the elections of 1988, left the government and remained in a political shadow.
The 1995 Presidential Campaign finally brought the cherished post of the French leader. In domestic policy, the new president promoted the idea of reducing taxes and creating programs to help the unemployed, which resulted in the budget deficit and led to demonstrations. After the pension reform conducted by Prime Minister Alain Jump, a global strike began in the country, which led to the dismissal of the Government head.
The foreign policy of Chirac of the first presidential period remembered the signing of the Treaty on the termination of nuclear tests and the refusal to eliminate military bases on the African continent. In addition, the head of France acknowledged responsibility for crimes against the Jewish nation committed during the Second World War.
The 1997 parliamentary elections shakeped the position of the president. Following the constitutional agreement, he gave the right to lead the country's economy to the legislative body, and himself engaged in foreign policy and strategic issues: Reduced the military budget and unsuccessfully tried to close with NATO.
In 2002, Chirac re-elected President of France, rejecting the candidatures of Prime Minister Lionel Zhospjene and the ultra-right policy of Jean-Marie Le Pen. During this period, Jacques reorganized the internal policies of the country and created a party called the "Union for People's Movement".
At the international level, the head of the French state united with Russian President Vladimir Putin against the US-British Coalition, which participated in hostilities in Iraq. Shirak threatened to impose a veto to the UN Security Council resolution that authorized the use of military force to deliver the Middle Eastern country from the alleged weapons of mass destruction, and called on other governments to take his position.
In 2007, in the television address, Shirak announced that he would not run for the 3rd presidential term. Summing up the board, the long-term leader noted that "his whole life was devoted to serving the native country and the world." The successor to the head of France became the head of the "Union for People's Movement" of Nicolas Sarkozy.
After the departure from the post, Chirac created the nominal fund, which took up humanitarian activities aimed at preventing conflicts, providing residents of the planet with water and land resources and the preservation of the cultural diversity of the world's population. The charitable work of Jacques combined with membership in the Constitutional Council of France and work on memoirs, published in 2011.
Personal life
In 1956, Chirac took Bernadett Skodron de Courshem to his wife, who soon gave birth to two children after the wedding.
The eldest daughter Lorans, who suffered from nervous anorexia, did not participate in the political life of the Father. In 2016, the heiress of the president died from a heart attack. The youngest daughter, Claude, on the contrary, actively helped her father. Having matured, she became the assistant to the head of the country for public relations, and after some time she took the post of personal adviser to Chirac.
In 1979, Jacques and Bernadette "focused" 21-year-old Vietnamese girl named Anh Dao Dong. The pair did not issue official payments, but considered a young refugee full member of the family.
During the presidency, Chirac did not advertise his personal life. On numerous photos taken during official events, the spouses looked satisfied and happy. Together, the spouses survived the fall of the Concord aircraft at the airport named after Charles de Gaulle and the attempt on the life of Jacques taken by a neonacist psychopath.
Death
In 2018, former French president turned 86 years old. According to journalists, Chirac's health left much to be desired, the man lost his memory and experienced heart problems.Since 2005, Jacques suffered a stroke, an operation for installing a pacemaker and several times was hospitalized during the trial, on which the French leader was accused of economic crimes committed in the past.
And on September 26, 2019, it became known about the death of Jacques Shirak. The cause of death policies have not yet been made public.
Awards
- Legion of Honor"
- Big Cross Order "For Merit"
- Cross "Military valve"
- Order of "Black Star"
- Order of "agricultural merit"
- Order of "Sports Merit"
- Order of "Arts and Literature"
- Order "For Merit to Fatherland" I degree
- Medal "In memory of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg"
- Order "Heydar Aliyev"