Biography
Quiet Brage is the Great Danish astronomer of the second half of the XVI century. He lived when the bonfires of the Inquisition were traded in Europe and rake epidemics. But neither gloomy times nor the lack of telescopes prevented the discoveries of the scientist, about whose life and death legends are complicated.Childhood and youth
On December 14, 1546, twins were born in the family of the Danish Nobleman, the twins were born. One of them died, without surviving baptism; The other, set in Tywe, has lived life, according to modern standards is not long, but so rich in the events, persecutions, discoveries and glory, that they would have enough for two biographies. In the whole world, this man is known under a quietly latinized name.
Soon the parents had to part with the surviving boy: in an ancient custom, he was given to the upbringing of his father's childless brother, Admiral Yergen Braga. Physically, this was expressed in moving quietly from the generic castle of Knudstrup in the nearby castle toastr; Through the eyelids after the events described, this locality passed to Sweden and began to be called a landfill. The future scientist since childhood loved to look at the stars and read books on astronomy. However, adoptive parents believed that his son was needed.
At the age of 12, the boy entered the University of Copenhagen and studied "Seven Free Arts", and after 3 years I was transferred to the University of Leipzig, famous for the level of teaching. While still in Denmark, the young quietly witnessed a partial solar eclipse: the greatest impression on the future astronomer produced that the "cloudiness" of the distant shine was predicted in the writings of star.
It is not known how diligently studied a teenager in the daytime, but he spent the nights of the nights for which the devices were used both homemade and purchased for money a generous adopted father.
In August 1563, the connection of Saturn and Jupiter happened, but Brage was disappointed - none of the astronomers predicted the date of this event for sure: Copernicus was mistaken for several days, and previously preceding star - more than a month. The tables are needed to determine the errors of astronomical calculations, the young man decided. And created such tables - the first in the world.
In May 1565, the Danish-Swedish war began, and Uncle Jergen recalled quietly to his homeland, but after a month after that she was cold and died suddenly, leaving the foster son all the state.
To complete the education in the spring of next year, a young man came to Wittenberg, but because of the epidemic, the plague was forced to move to a sprout, where he hardly dwells with a peers - Danish nobleman Mademup Parsberg. Information about this fight differ. According to one data - the enemy was a distant relative quietly, according to another - his classmate; Some sources talk about pistols, others about cold weapons.
There is a version that mathematical disagreements became the cause of the duel. One is relifically known: as a result, the fight with a young astronomer stayed without a nose and was forced to wear a prosthesis all the rest. Quietly worried about the acquired injury, and on his lifetime portraits artificial nose has never been depicted.
In April 1569, Braga came to the sprout, where the astronomical observations continued to study alchemy and astrology in parallel. In the same place, local craftsmen made a heavenly globe in its drawings, the diameter of which was one and a half meters, semi-sextant, as well as a quadrant of 11 meters high. It should be noted that the first telescopes appeared only 7 years after death quietly.
In 1571, the native father of the scientist died. The family castle dad left in equal shares quietly and his younger brother Yergen. Returning to Denmark an astronomer, except for scientific activity, was engaged in business - along with Uncle Bill wall launched a paper and glass factory.
1572 became a fateful for Quiet Brage. Firstly, the nobleman found it possible to reiterately disseminate the length prejudices and married a versatile (according to some information, the priest's daughter) Kirsten, with which energic children, and secondly, in the constellation of Cassiopeus, a bright supernan star appeared. This first for 500 years, a similar flash in our galaxy extended Europe. A lot of predictions appeared about the upcoming end of the world.
The erroneous opinion was that it was a comet or simply an unusual atmospheric phenomenon, but in the book "On the New Star" in 1573, who became a print debut of Tycho Brage, it was convincingly proven that the new luminaire was a star located from the earth at a distance smaller than planetary. So, by definition of Johann Kepler, the new star announced the emergence of a new great astronomer.
Astronomy
The scientific activity of Quiet Brage was so intense and rich in the results that it is difficult to describe in one article. You can list the main achievements and opening of the Danish astronomer. For life dedicated to observational astronomy, Braga has reached a lot:
- Created the original geo-heliocentric system of the world, in which the teachings of Ptolemy and Copernicus combined, suggesting that the sun, the moon and the stars rotate around the Earth, and other planets and comets - around the sun.
- Built the first Observatory in Europe, most astronomical instruments in which were either made by him personally or were made on its projects.
- Increased the accuracy of the observation of stars and planets more than an order; The first tables of visible provisions were shining and new accurate solar tables; measured the duration of the year with less than a second error.
- For the first time in science, it came to the reasonable conclusions about the extraterrestrial nature of the comet and the absence of "crystalline spheres that carry planets."
- In the last decade, the 16th century published a new star catalog, replaced by an obsolete directory of Ptolemy, used before in Europe; Catalog Quiet Brage included originally 777, and then 1004 stars.
- Collected a huge statistical material on the position of heavenly bodies; The results of perennial observations of Braga allowed his colleague and follower Johann Kepler to open the laws of motion of the planets.
Among other things, Tycho Brage is an outstanding inventor and the rationalizer: he invented the doorbell and constructed his own printing machine, and the sister's sister, Sofia, who worked in his observatory was the first woman-astronomer of the new time.
Personal life
Like many geniuses, quietly Brage was a heavy, eccentric and rude man. His personal life is shrouded in legends. According to rumors, Danish astronomer was a sorcerer and drunkard, he had his own dwarf, who was sitting under the table during the feasts, and elk, broken limbs after falling from the staircase in a state of intoxication. She did not give rest to the gossip and the famous artificial nose of the scientist, they shuffled that the prosthesis was made of precious metal and decorated with diamonds.
The confirmed interesting facts from Brahe's biography include the fact that he patronized two European monarchs. At first, it was the Danish King of Friedrich II, who complained to Astronoma for the construction of the house and the Observatory of the Island of Khwen and contributed to the fact that the total income was quietly exceeded 1% of the National Product of Denmark. At the end of the life of Braga became the favorite of the Emperor of the Sacred Roman Empire Rudolph II; Monarch lived mainly in Prague and helped the great scientist move to this city.
However, knew astronomer and royal disfavor. The son of Friedrich II, Christian IV, not appreciated astronomy and needed money for military campaigns, deprived scientist financial support and forced to leave Denmark.
Astronoma had many ill-wishers in Denmark. Compatriots were unhappy with both commercial activities of Brage (the fact that he quietly made and sold medicines, evading taxes, and exploited the surrounding farmers) and disregard for the church standards (with his wife quietly never married, and on the island of Khwen neglected the content of the church).
Death
The death of a great scientist in 1601 gave rise to no less legends than life. The first version of the death was the gap of the bladder, allegedly happened as a result of a crowded feast (according to the then etiquette if Braga came out due to the need for need, he would have offended the emperor). However, the medicine of our time speaks of the impossibility of such an event.
As another cause of the death of the famous star, mercury poisoning appears, and among the probable kill customers, in addition to the Danish monarch of Christian IV, who suspected his mother in a love connection with scientists, is called Johann Kepler, because Konchina quietly allowed the colleague to use the results of Brage's observations.
To confirm or refute the poisoning of the tomb of a scientist, located in the Cathedral of the Virgin Mary before the tint, opened twice: at the beginning of the 20th century and in 2010. Chemical analysis has shown that in the hair of quietly Brage contains mercury. However, the concentration of this element is small and it can be explained both by the astronomer drugs and alchemical experiments.
It is simply found out that the famous nose prosthesis was brass. However, perhaps gold or silver lion was also used and was used by scientists at solemn events, but was lost or abducted.
The memory of the Great Astronomer, without the study of which it would be impossible to open the law of the World Affairs, was immortalized in Copenhagen, where the planetarium is named after the scientist, and on Mars, whose crater is called the name Quiet Brage. In 1984, a monument was established in Prague quietly Brage and Johann Kepleru.
Proceedings
- 1573 - "On a new star"
- 1588 - "On recent phenomena in the heavenly world"
- 1592 - "Cooking for updated astronomy"
- 1598 - "Correspondence Quiet Brage with Landgraf Hesse-Kasselysky"
- 1598 - "Mechanics of Updated Astronomy"