Biography
Laurus Kornilov is a prominent statesman of the Russian Empire, a researcher, a diplomat and a famous military leader. Having passed the Russian-Japanese and first world wars, a combat commander who had a huge experience of leadership, sought to protect the army from the Bolshevik anarchy, but could not be due to the accusations of the mute.
The author of the Cornilov Program played a key role in the creation of the "White Guard Movement" in Soviet Russia, which gathered thousands of followers who were separated by the views of the general.
Childhood and youth
Lavr Georgievich Kornilov was born on August 18, 1870. The origin of the white motion organizer is not defined. According to one of the versions, his father was Georgy Nikolayevich Kornilov, the Cossack, who became an official of the Russian Empire and leading his genus from the followers of Ataman Ermak. Mother Maryam, in Orthodoxy Marya Ivanovna, Cossack by nationality, after marriage presented with a spouse of 13 children.
According to another version, the parents of Laurea was Praskovaya Ilinichna Khlynovskaya, which had the Polish and Kalmyk roots, reflected on the appearance of the Son.
The third version states that the future warlord was not a native child of Horugego Georgy Cornilov, but came from the genus of the Cossacks of Deldinov, and his name was not Lavr, but Lovega.
Information about the early phase of the biography of General of the Russian Empire is pretty scarce, it is known that he was brought up by his parents in Christian traditions. As a child, lavrush, as he was called at home, was engaged in rehearsals and, according to their reviews, was a respectful, modest and hardworking child. The boy received knowledge on all the obligatory school disciplines, with the exception of French, and at the age of 13 he entered the listener to the Cadet Corps of Omsk. Soon, the inaccessible language was submitted by a stubborn student, and Cornilov enrolled on complete training.
As an approximate cadet, Lavr successfully passed the final exams and continued to education in the capital of the Russian state, in the Mikhailovsky Artillery School, where the title of the younger officer almost immediately deserved.
After graduating from a prestigious military institution in 1891, Kornilov took an additional training course and became a porquet. It gave the young man to get a job in the guard, which he did, settling in the military unit of Turkestan in the artillery team brigade.
The ambitions of a young officer did not allow him to stay in junior ranks, and, devoting free time with independent training, the Laurel filed a petition for enrollment in the Nikolaev Academy of General Staff. In 1898, an honorary student of Kornilov released the rank of captain and returned to the native district to continue the service.
Military service
The young years of Cornilov held in the epicenter of the future military-political conflicts between the Russian Empire with Afghanistan, the United Kingdom and Persia. Being at the team headquarters, the officer performed responsible orders of military and scientific nature in the territory of a potential opponent. The results of the work of Laurel Georgievich reflected in the publication "Kashzhariya, or Eastern Turkestan", which became a valuable contribution to the study of the region. The book brought the author of the Order of St. Stanislav III degree and real membership in the National Geographical Society.
In the early 1900s, Kornilov commanded the squad squad during the expedition on the Iranian steppes. The material collected during the hike contained interesting geographical, ethnographic and strategic facts related to previously unexplored territories.
The next mission of the officer was the study of the location and organization of British troops in East India, reflected in the 1905 report, thanks to which Imperial Russia received detailed information on the activities of Great Britain in South Asian colonies.
In the first days of the Russian-Japanese war, Kornilov, who received the title of lieutenant colonel became the head of the headquarters in the current army and made a number of feats. He fought in Sandipa and covered the waste of troops in China. And one day, when the team of shooters under the leadership of Lavra Georgievich was stuck in an enemy environment, he saved the fighters and successfully out of a dangerous situation.
For heroic actions during the war, Cornilov produced in the colonels and were presented with the Order of St. George IV degree and registered weapons.
In 1907, Lavr Georgievich studied Chinese and departed on a business trip to the Middle Kingdom. It was reports on the life, traditions and customs of local residents who later became essays containing the most valuable information to study the mysterious eastern country. Cornilov not only watched China's life, he seriously abandoned the establishment of relations for the future cooperation between the Russian Empire with a young and strong power.
The Russian government appreciated the military colonel service in the diplomatic service, Lavra Georgievich was honored with the Order of St. Anne II. Foreign states also celebrated the merits of Kornilov honorary titles and medals, including French, British, Japanese and German awards.
A month after the start of World War II, Kornilov was distributed to the army of the South-Western Front under the beginning of an experienced General Alexei Brusylov. The infantrymen, who were under the command of the Colonel, noted a sensitive attitude to subordinate and care for their life, but they said that in combat conditions, the Lavr behaved pretty hard.
Cornilov Fighters held dozens of brilliant military operations and received the nickname "Steel Division". The commander carefully planned every college, based on the features of the terrain and intelligence data. Thanks to this, the Colonel's detachment reached the Carpathians and took positions on a strategically important area of the mountains.
In the spring of 1915, Laurel Georgievich, which was made in the title of Lieutenant General, covered the retreat of the Brusilian army. He lost all the fighters of the "steel division" and, wounded, was in the Austrian captivity. A year later, the brigade commander fled from the camp near Vienna and, returning to his homeland, received the 2nd Order of St. George.
In 1917, Kornilov met in the Petrograd Military District, where he was appointed by order of Nicholas II, and on March 2, the Provisional Government made General Commander-in-Chief of the Metropolitan Forces. It was Lavr Georgievich that hesitated the royal family about the arrest and in the hope of preserving his life personally looked after the protection, warning aggression and unlawful actions.
The temporary government destabilized the situation in the current army, and Kornilov, unable to influence the situation, left the post of the Supreme Commander. After that, the General was led by the army in the south-west of the country, and then briefly adopted the Office of the Northern Front and created the 1st part of the people's volunteers, which was called "Kornilov's impact regiment." This unit showed heroism at the occurrence of the Austrians and captured more than 10 thousand enemy soldiers and officers.
Lavr Georgievich received the rank of general from infanteria and the post of commander-in-chief of the south-western front. Details of the historic portrait of the Supreme Commander described Cornilov as a politically significant figure capable of influencing the temporary government solutions, which performed some requirements aimed at improving the combat capability of the army (the death penalty of deserters and the nationalization of troops).
Other ideas set forth in the "Cornilov Military Program" and eventually ended with quotes, Kerensky and other authorities ignored, and their author was considered dangerous for the preparing revolution.
This led to the attempt to Glavkom to stop anarchy in the army and establish a military dictatorship. As a result of events, known as the Cornilov Speech, General declared a rebel and entered into custody in the city of Bykhov. Together with Lavr Georgievich, his supporters were arrested, among whom Anton Denikin were, Ivan Romanovsky, Sergey Markov and other prominent commanders.
The victory of Bolsheviks in November 1917 put the end of the "Bykhovsky Seats". Fearing for your own life, liberated by the Optional generals, who separated the views of Kornilov, fled from the territory of the new government and, gathering small detachments, moved to the south of the country, where they became ideological inspirers of the originating white movement.
Civil War
Concentrating in the Don River area, the military leaders of the former imperial army took up the organization of volunteer detachments to combat the crisis situation in Soviet Russia and led to the Civil War. The commander of the armed forces of the new movement was General Kornilov.
Bolshevik opponents were collected across the country, and in February 1918, the troops began the 1st Kuban campaign, meeting the fierce resistance of the detachments of the Red Army. The fighters of the White Guard were distinguished by extreme cruelty, they killed everyone who dares to stand up on the way in many thousands of power, including civilians who expressed discontent with the help of a simple weapon. Kornilov as he could restrained the aggression of volunteers and once saved from the shooting of enemy officers, betraying them a fair court.
Personal life
In 1896, the cadet of the Nikolaev Academy of Kornilov married Taisiya Markovina, daughter of an urban official. A year later, the firstborn, the girl called Natasha appeared in the young family.
About the personal life of Lavra Georgievich and his wife knows little. In 1904, the couple was born a second child named Yuri, and in a year the son of Dmitry appeared, who died in infancy.
After the murder of the father and death of the mother of the mother of the rebellious general expelled from Russia, and they waved for a long time in the West countries in search of the house. As a result, Natalia Zela in Belgium and married a nobleman from Shapron-du Larre. Yuri settled in the United States.
The descendants of Cornilov and now live abroad, and in their families the archive of the White Movement is kept.
Death
Laurel Kornilov was killed near Krasnodar on April 13, 1918. The cause of the death of the commander was the grenade, which fell into the house where General was located.
The colleagues buried the commander in the German settlement of Gnachbau, and after a day, the grave was desecrated by the Red Army, who dug off the body and dragged him through the streets of the city, and then burned.
When the White Guard occupied Krasnodar, Cornilov was solemnly reburied in the local cathedral, and on the spot of death installed a wooden cross. The archives have preserved photos illustrating this event.
Titles and awards
- 1901 - Order of "St. Stanislav" 3rd degree
- 1903 - Order "St. Anne" of the 3rd degree
- 1905 - Order of "St. George" 4th degree
- 1907 - Golden Weapon "For Bravery"
- 1914 - Order of "St. Vladimir" 3rd degree with swords
- 1891 - Utage-junker
- 1895 - Lieutenant
- 1898 - Captain
- 1906 - Colonel
- 1911 - Major General
- 1915 - Lieutenant-General
- 1917 - General from infanteria