Biography
Gabdulla Tukai is the Tatar poet and the prose, literary critic and translator. The founder of the poetic tradition of the nation, he contributed to the development of the Tatar language. Many writers became followers of the author.
Gabdulla Tukai was born in the village of Kushlavych on April 26, 1886. His father died when the boy was a baby, and a mother died after 4 years, leaving a child with a round orphan. Stephift did not assume the responsibilities for the upbringing of Gabdulla and handed him to the hands of grandfather, Mulle Zinnatulle. The boy's life was not easy. In those days, everything was difficult for all people, so an extra person in the house meant unforeseen and unwanted costs.
Grandfather found a good solution by sending the grandson to Kazan in the reception family. The boy accepted with warmth and kindness. But after 2 years, the named parents got sick and sent Gabdulla Evoy. No one was waiting for his house. The grandfather began to search for a child's shelter.
Permanent moving, poverty, no attention and care affected the worldview of the Tuquet, which was depleted and painful. She decided to give him the peasant Sagdi, who lived in the village of Kyrlay. He was also poor, but the extra hand in the village was always to the place. From hard physical work here was not to escape to anyone, and in childhood there was a lot to work.
In 1895 Gabdulla Tukai leaned to the aunt in Uralsk. He found shelter in the house of merchant Usmanova. The young man began to learn by visiting Muslim school. He began to learn Russian and demonstrate the abilities in different directions. The surroundings paid attention to his talent.
In 19 years, Tukai made the first translations in Russian. The works of which he worked were the Basni Ivan Krylov. Poetry so carried away the young man that he began to translate the works of Russian writers to the Tatar language, introducing the public with the talents of great poets and writers.
In 1904, Gabdullah's work was printed in the magazine "New Century". At first, Tukai imagined the Arabic-Persian traditions in poetry, but Russian literature brought new features in his manner. The writings of Alexander Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov made a great impression on the translator and inspired poetic creativity. Despite the difficult childhood, Gabdulla Tukai considered himself happy and in his works put the most positive and sensual motives.
Poetry and social activities
The revolution and the reaction period, which began in 1905, added new notes into the works of the poet. He became a voice of democracy, opposed the power and capitalism. The oppression of the native Tatar people, the writer described in works, which were published in periodicals. He wrote poems about revolution and sharp pamphlets in the Tatar language.
Working the proofreader and a set of texts, gradually Tukai became an employee of publishers. He decided to move from words to the case, promoting the revolution, and participated in demonstrations and protests. In 1907, Gabdulla left Muslim school and became a full-fledged record of the revolution. His works during this period were in the mass of calls for the awakening of the combat spirit. The author offered fellow citizens to compete for the honor of his native land and democratic covenants in such writings, as "not we leave!".
Gabdulle turned out to be hard to realize the reasons why revolutionaries were defeated. He was confused, a wave of pessimism, who captured the poet, was visible in his work. Tukai returned to Kazan, seeing his destination in strengthening literature in his hometown.
The writer brought acquainted with progressive young people and began to try himself in satire. For the year of residence in Kazan, he wrote several essays, poems and journalistic works, the main topics of which were anxiety for the people, optimism and faith in justice, the exception of honor and dignity. The author was published in the magazines "Zarnitsa" and "Lightning". Becoming an experienced writer, Tukai released a cycle of works, among whom was the "Light Memory of Husaina" dedicated to his close friend.
The author did not hesitate to express thoughts and feelings on paper, sharing them with the reader. The works of "Gnet" and "Return to Kazan" related to this period of creativity, clearly make it clear that the author is no longer in the world of illusions, but objectively appreciated the harsh household realities. He was in demand in the profession and among the creative intelligentsia. The works created in 1911-1912 were written under the influence of nostalgic thoughts about their homeland and patriotism.
Tukai made travel along the Volga. He visited Astrakhan, where he met local activists. In the spring of 1912, the poet went through Ufa to St. Petersburg, where revolutionary ideas and advanced intelligentsia were concentrated by the time. The impression of the trip was consolidated with the poet Nariman Narimanov, revolutionary Mullanur Vakhitov and the writer Magitur Gafuri.
Health problems, already during this period, let them know about themselves, did not stop the poet. From St. Petersburg, he drove into Troitsk, and from there he kept the way to the Kazakh steppe, hoping for miraculous treatment with Kuisma. Returning to Kazan, Gabdulla Tukai realized that the beginning charity was not retreating. High load and bad conditions existence aggravated the situation. But the militant attitude did not disappear from the pages of its works.
Personal life
According to the memoirs of contemporaries, Gabdulla Tukai awaited girls, embarrassed by his own appearance. Lucky and low, with a belly on the eye, which forced to wear dark glasses, he did not believe that he could like someone. The poet did not hear a mod, because they did not allow finance, and there was no interest in this. The money in his pocket periodically appeared, because the publications brought fees, but Tukai did not die to save: he distributed in debt without return, arranged friendly evenings, helped acquaintances.
The girls that and the case provided Gabdulla's signs, waiting for the editorial office, and the poet avoided any meetings. Zutan Mavlyudova, a merchant daughter, also dreamed of acquaintance with a snap. She applied for help to relatives. Fatih Amirkhan presented a girl to the poet when he played with colleagues in the maps in the publisher. The first meeting was short-term: Tukai did not show interest, and the gotten was retracted. Total young people saw 5 times.
The second meeting took place by chance: Tukai noticed the girl from the tram window and welcomed it. For the third time, the initiative showed the Zaitan. Their communication lasted a little longer. Tukai was looked, he was constantly going to leave, and the in love with the neighbor kept him under any pretext. The fourth dating gave the opportunity to feel free.
They spent the time after the literary evening, walking down the street. For the fifth time, young people met in the editorial office. Zutan went from Kazan to Chistopol and went to say goodbye. Gabdulla promised to come to the pier to say goodbye and did not come.
5 years later, when Tukay was on her deathbed, Zutan came to visit him to the hospital. She waited for permission to enter the ward, but Gabdulla banned it. Later, the girl married a church servant, her son and granddaughter became poets. Before death, the woman asked to bury her as close as possible to the grave of Tuka. On his tombstone, lines were carved from a poem dedicated to the beloved.
Personal life Gabdullah Tuka did not work out. He had no wife and children. Up until the death of the death in his heart, feelings were growing towards Zaitun.
Death
The biography of the Tatar poet is short. He died at the age of 26 in April 1913. The cause of death became a charity, complicated by hunger. Work in the dusty printing house in 1912 aggravated the disease. The death of Gabdulla Tuquet has become loss for literature and art.
Now interest in the work of the poet, publicist and translator is supported at the state level. In memory of Gabdulle Tuka, a literary museum was opened in Kazan. In the square on Pushkin Street, named after His honor, there is a monument to the writer, and his photos are decorated with textbooks on literature. The official website is devoted to his person, which describes the biography of Tuka and are examples of works.
Bibliography
- 1905 - "On Freedom"
- 1906 - "parasites"
- 1906 - "State Duma"
- 1907 - "What Shakdras tell"
- 1907 - "Will not leave!"
- 1907 - "Shuraile"
- 1908 - "Nationalists"
- 1908 - "Sennaya Bazaar or New Kisekbash"
- 1911 - "Gnet"
- 1911 - "Dacha"
- 1912 - "Tatar youth"
- 1913 - "Hope of the people ..."