Biography
Simon Bolivar - one of the bright revolutionaries in world history. For residents of the new light, the name policy is a symbol of liberation movement in Latin American countries, the former colonies of Spain. Bolivar believed that slavery should be destroyed, and the indigenous population was equalized in the rights to receive a decent life.
Last life, Bolivar received the title of "America's liberator". In fate, politics have ups and downs. Before death, he remained faithful to his ideas. His name is immortalized in the name of the country - Bolivia, the former Spanish colony of the Upper Peru.
Childhood and youth
Bolivar was born on July 24, 1783 in Caracas. Full name - Simon José Antonio de la Santisima Trinidad Bolivar de la Concepcion-and-Ponte Palacios-and-Blanco. Biographies researchers Politics have been established: the ancestors of the future revolutionar arrived in South America from the Basque Country in the 16th century. Migrants successfully fit into the life of Spanish colonies and soon began to take an active part in the lives of new settlements.
Thanks to the activity of Santa Simona, the title of viscont, and not approved by the King of Spain. Simon's father, Juan Vincent Bolivar, strengthened the position of the family. After death, the parents of Simon left the young heir to plantation, plants, houses, slaves and jewels. There were ate to compare with the state of modern rich, the Bolivar could get into the list of dollar billionaires.
Syrota brought up uncle Carlos Palacios. The teacher for the main subjects was the philosopher Simon Rodriguez. He dedicated young Simon in the idea of France's enlighteners and told in detail about republican ideals. After Rodriguez's escape by training Simon, the Secretary of the Governor General Andres Belo is engaged. Thanks to the mentor, Simon meets scientists by Alexander Humboldt and Eme Bonplan, who had a strong influence on the worldview of young Bolivar.
In 1799, guardians make a decision to send a young man to Spain to teach jurisprudence. Bolivar takes the royal family. He supports communication with Prince Ferdinand, the future king of Spain, who will later become the chief enemy of politics.
Four years later, in 1803, Simon moves to France. It is studying at the courses of the Paris Polytechnic and Higher Normal School. His cousin Fanny actively communicated with free-rope. In their circle, Bolivar entered, sharing with them common views on politics and world order.
In the United States of America, the future revolutionary falls in 1805. An example of the liberation of the United States from the British authorities becomes a model for the revolutionaries of South America. Bolivar among them. He is approved in his political views. The idea of creating in the territory of Latin American countries The United States of South America becomes priority for him.
Political activity
In 1810, Bolivar participates in an uprising with Francisco Miranda, which leads to Venezuela in the year to proclaim independence. The Government of Spain is trying to return the colonial lands. In 1812, Venezuela's army was destroyed, and Miranda was sent to prison. Bolivar makes escape from the country and hides in the territory of the new Grenada.
By 1813, Simon, together with the rebels, organizes a new detachment, which manages to take over the Spanish army. Bolivar becomes chapter II of the Venezuelan Republic and receives the rank of liberator. But after a year, the Spaniards manage to knock Bolivar from the main city of Venezuela - Caracas.
Politician appeals to the Gaiti authorities and receives support. In 1816, Bolivar arrives in South America and begins to reform. Cancels slavery and announces the issuance of land soldiers who actively participate in the war for independence.
By 1818-1819, Simon Bolivar, with the support of the army of like-minded people, establishes control over most of Venezuela and New Grenada. At the very end of 1819, he was elected by the President of the Republic of the Great Columbia, which included the territories of modern Colombia and Venezuela.
By 1824, the Spaniards under the Natius of Colombians leave the territories on which the Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia are now being located. Bolivar becomes a dictator of Peru and in 1825 he heads the Republic of Bolivia created by him. The political figure remains faithful to the idea - to create the United States of South America, which would be part of the territory from Panama to Chile.
Bolivar tried to promote her at a special Congress, but faced with the confrontation of the local elite. It receives the characteristics of the adherent of the Bonapartist mode, and it is called Napoleon for his eyes. Acting a movement was developed against the activity, as a result of which he lost power in Bolivia and Peru.
In 1828, Bolivar with the army enters into Bogota, where he creates the residence of the ruler of Columbia. In the same year, one of the associates organizes attempted at him. Bolivar miraculously avoids death and suppresses the rebellion. The confrontation of Bolivar for power continues. The elite of Caracas appears for the Department of Venezuela from Colombia. The ruler loses influence and power in the country. In 1830, he resigns.
Personal life
At 19, Simon, being in Madrid, meets the Aristocrat Maria Teresa Rodriguez. She, like Bolivar, has a Creole origin. After the wedding, the young couple leaves in Venezuela. Here, Simon's wife infects yellow fever and dies. The event greatly shocked a young man, and he gives a vow of celibacy.
Changes in personal life occur in 1822, when Bolivar met the second companion of life during the entry of troops in the Ecuadorian capital of Quito. During the movement of the Colon on the streets, full of people, a laurel wreath falls in the hands of Simon. A revolutionary look meets with a black-haired girl standing on the balcony and a welcoming liberators.
At the same evening, Simon and Manuel Saens met on the ball and from that minute they tried to be together. She is also Creolen, younger for 12 years. Shared views on the liberation of colonial territories in Latin America. When Manuela met Simon, she was married to Dr.. The woman believed her husband a good man, but boring. Saans instantly fascinated by a politician.
Manuela and Simon never became officially husband and wife. He swore to maintain loyalty to the late wife, and she is an official husband. To her, Bolivar was grateful for salvation during the attempt. The people after the wonderful salvation of their leader began to call Manuel's Liberator Liberator.
When he renounced presidential position, he convinced Saience to leave him. She continued to love him and wrote the letters from Bogota, telling detail about what was happening, about how former comrades on the movement betray his business. After the death of his beloved Manuel left for the site. I lived in poverty and tried to survive, selling cigarettes and sweets. Shooted letters from Simon, but they were burned during the diphtheria epidemic. Saens died from the same disease and buried in the general grave.
There were no children from Bolivar.
Death
Simon left for 47 years. The sad event occurred on December 17, 1830. The cause of death has not yet been established: according to one information - from tuberculosis, in other - poisoning. The President of Venezuela Hugo Chavez was attempted to put the point over "and". The decision to exhumate the body of the revolutionary is made.
After the analysis of DNA, both versions did not receive confirmation. Hugo Chavez, despite the results, continued to declare that the liberator was killed. In memory of the hero of the liberation movement, he changes the name of the country to the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
Bolivar took death in someone else's estate, not far from the city of Santa Marta. Before the death, he refused property and took death in poverty. Buried him in someone else's clothes.
After death, the name of Bolivar continues to live his life. Among the interesting facts there are information about the name in honor of the policy of the asteroid Bolivian, open in 1911. One of the highest mountain peaks of the world also carries his name - Bolivar Peak. Venezuela currency are Bolivari, and the policy portrait decorates banknotes of different denominations.
In the capital of the United States, Washington, there is a bronze monument to Simon Bolivar of the sculptor Felix de Weldon. It is considered the largest equestrian monument to a policy in the Western Hemisphere.
On the activities of the revolutionary films were removed. The most famous - "Simon Bolivar" director Alexander Blazetti of 1963 and the "liberator" director Alberto Arvel, shot in 2013.