Biography
Heinrich Heine is a German poet, whose work is an example of the era of romanticism in the literature. Publicist and critic, he covered the problems of modernity in light and elegant form. After years, the best composers of the world created music for poems poems and acquainted with the work of Heine with helping melodies.Childhood and youth
The full name of the writer is Christians Johann Heinrich Heine. The boy was born on December 13, 1797 in Dusseldorf in the family of Jews and was the eldest of 4 children. Heine's father, Samson, industrial trading in the Rhine Region. Betty's mother brought up children, but was interested in the works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and demonstrated a greater formation. She loved her son and cared for the future of the boy. Betty saw his lawyer, a financier or general, but the fate of Heine Junior was different.
Children's years of the boy fell on the period of French occupation. At this time, liberalism flourished in Europe, and fashion trends found a response in the worldview of a creative person. At the age of 13, Heinrich entered the Catholic Lyceum. In 16, he became an assistant in the office of the Frankfurt banner, but escaped, since this field of activity was not interested in him. Then the parents sent the Son to Hamburg, where the guy comprehended the Aza of the merchant under the guardianship of Financier Uncle Solomon.
In 1818, Henry entrusted the management of a small company. He failed to fail, not a sense in accounting accounts. At the same time, Heine began to communicate with his mother's relatives. Uncle Simon Geldern realized that an entrepreneur would not be released from the nephew, and supported him in the desire to enter the Bonn University. Heinrich threw to the humanitarian sciences, read out of the works of Cervantes and Swift and did not imagine life without books. He was also interested in folklore, which was reflected in the writings created subsequently.
Heine entered the Faculty of Faculty of the University of Bonn, and soon he was transferred to the University of Göttingen. A year later, with a little due to Duele, Henry was excluded. His student years were marked by the kits and adventures, but the young man did not forget about passion to the sciences. In 1821, he became a student of the University of Berlin.
The guy attended the salons and acquainted with the literary community of Germany. In the University of Heine, he listened to the course of the philosophy of religion from George Hegel, stories from August of Schlegel. These masters formed his views. The defense of the dissertation of the student was held in Göttingen.
In 1825, he received the title of Doctor. To obtain a diploma, Heine was forced to accept Lutheranism, since the Jews could not have a corresponding document. But it did not mean that the poet was renounced by his views.
The origin of Heine caused many experiences in his soul. He watched, as the Jews received great rights during the French occupation, rather than had previously. Then, after the appearance of Prussian troops in the Rhine Region, everything returned to the circles, and the bureaucratic orders have rejected the place. The Equality of the Jews, which begun during Napoleon, was destroyed, and it was reflected in the poems of Heine.
Creation
The first works of Heine, published during training at the University of Berlin, became the "Maur" Ballad, Minnezinger, "Terrible Night". But even before, the author began to create a lyrics about love. His verses were dedicated to the Cousin of Amalia, to which Henry Putal did not fraternal feelings. In 1817, the Magazine "Hamburg Guard" printed some of them, and in 1820 a collection of works of "youthful suffering" came out.
In 1821, Henrich Heine began to offer poems to publication in the newspaper, but they remained unnoticed by the audience and critics. Heinrich was a hardworking poet and worked tirelessly. Soon the tragedies "Ratcliffe" and "Almanzor" were published. The collection of poems "lyrical intermezzo" was attracted of the interest of the literary community to Heine. His poetry described social problems. Protest against the monarchy and oppression of the Jews was reflected in the art's work.
Critics were strict to Henrich, so he decided to leave the city and go to Arabia, but in reality I went to Cuxwagen. Then visited Hamburg, Luneburg, Berlin and Göttingen. The final point of the trip was Harz. During this period, Heine met the Johann Goethe. In the 1825th, the poet completed his studies at the university, passing the final exams, and became a doctor of the Legal Sciences of the 3rd degree. He left for Hamburg, where he continued his literary activities.
The writings of the young author for a long time remained without attention. The first big success came to Heine in 1826, when the light saw his travel notes "Journey to Graz". Then the "way pictures" and the cycle "Return to the Motherland" came out, and in 1827 - the "Book of Songs", which united the early works. Romantic Fleur, a subtle description of feelings and emotions carried away the audience. The emotionality with which the poet described what was happening around, conquered readers.
In 1827, Heine received an invitation to the post editor of the newspaper "Political Annals" in Munich. Half a year old, the poet spent in this city and went on a trip to Italy, where he climbed the message about the death of his father. Heinrich was forced to return to Hamburg, where he published the 3rd volume of the "Travel Paintings" cycle and decided to move to Paris. In the 1830s, there were riots in the capital of France. Here, a revolution was in full swing, which felt heine for his idea.
Posted in 1831 the book "New Spring" on the wave of fashionable then emigration, the poet is justified in Paris. In France, he brought acquaintance with Hector Berlioz and Federic Chopin, Ferrenian Sheet and Teophyl Gautier, Alexander Duma-senior and other cultural figures. The oppression of critics and censorship, inherent in Germany, was not so strong here. The poet was published in French and German. Published "Florentine Nights", "Romantic School" and other works of the author.
After changing the place of residence, the poet created a series of articles united in "French cases", and in 1834 published labor "for the history, religion and philosophy of Germany", based on its own lectures. Due to the author's reasoning about the degree of religious freedom of Nazareyan and Ellinov, the work caused the disapproval of the public.
During this period, Gane began financial difficulties. He was forced to use emigrant allowances. The aggravating circumstance was the contract with the publisher Julius Camp, according to which the rights to the works of the poet were provided to the customer. Help from Uncle Solomon has somewhat corrected the situation, but Heine led his health. The poet with difficulty moved, although he did not leave work.
Accommodation in someone else's country was given during this period with difficulty. With special love for Motherland, the poet wrote the poem "Germany. Winter fairy tale. " Tosca on the debris made it possible to replenish the bibliography of Heine poem "Silesian weaves", which became feedback to the man to the rebellion of the workers. Political views did not allow him to return home.
In France, a poetic collection called "Different" was published, and by 1840 the author released the book "On Bern". In 1842, published the poem "Atta Trol", in 1844 - a collection "New poems". During this period, Uncle Solomon died, who was inherited by a nephew of 8 thousand francs. In 1851, they released the last book of Pychs Geene - "Romservo". By the time the author led to work on his own "memoirs", which began to write in the 1840s.
Personal life
The biography of Heinrich Heine was associated with literature, and inspiration, like any author, they brought love and feelings experienced from what was happening around him. To create a love lyrics in the youthful years he was pushed by the daughter of Uncle Solomon's daughter, Amalia. The feelings for the cousin were not mutual, the girl married a merchant than hennich's heart broke.
In 1835, Heine got acquainted with the future wife of Enzheni Peace Cresan, which Matilda called. The world was out of commoners, did not know how to read and write what was absurd against the background of the educator of Heine. Lovers lived in free marriage. Heine appreciated the naivety and ferventness of Matilda, arranged her in the boarding house of noble maidens for training and visited his beloved, rejoicing even with little success.
Marriage between Heine and the world was concluded in 1941. Friends did not understand how Heinrich could tie himself with such a tangible woman, but the writer was faithful to his wife, like her. The poet was happy in his personal life from the world, but the children in their marriage did not appear.
A year before the death of Heine to him, Camilla Serden arrived at him, a fan of the poet's creativity, which has built the last days of his life. Heinrich fell in love, but did not part with his wife.
Death
In 1846, Henry Heine struck the spinal cord paralysis. In the 1848th poet for the last time he went on fresh air, and then turned out to be a bed, which called the "mattress grave". During the disease, his friends visited him: Onor de Balzac, Georges Sand, Richard Wagner. The relative of the mother line was in his house and the philosopher Karl Marx, about the relationship with whom Heine did not suspect a long time. The theoretical of communism, whose portraits and quotes decorate the history textbooks, visited Heinrich to the last days.
Heine kept a common mind during the imprisonment of the house and continued to work. The spouse cared for him until February 17, 1856. The cause of the death of the poet was a long disease. He was buried in the Montmartra Cemetery. Matilda died in 27 years. Unlike the spouse, whose death was painful, the world died from hitting the life instantly.
Quotes
"What is love? This is a toothache in the heart. "" No matter how terrible war, still she discovers the spiritual greatness of a person who challenges his strongest enemy of hereditary - death. "" Love! This is the most elevated and victorious of all passions! But her all-level power lies in unlimited generosity, in almost overseas selflessness. "" Strange thing! At all times, the villains tried to mask their vile acts by devotion to the interests of religion, morality and love for the Fatherland. "Bibliography
- 1820 - "Youth suffering"
- 1824 - "Loreley"
- 1826 - "Travel to Harz"
- 1827 - "Book of Songs"
- 1827 - "North Sea"
- 1834 - "For the history, religion and the philosophy of Germany"
- 1841 - "Atta Trol"
- 1844 - "Germany. Winter Tale "
- 1844 - "New poems"
- 1851 - "Romservo"