Character History
Bertolt Brecht is an outstanding playwright of the 20th century. He wrote independent works, which subsequently received an embodiment on theatrical stage. Practice and theorist, Brecht developed the idea, the center of which was the epic theater. According to the playwright, the theater should broadcast, and not visualize, appeal to the mind, and not to human feelings. This promise it was displayed in the plays that became the classic of world dramaturgy: "Good man from Seushana," "Waal", "Mr. Puntila and his servant", "Visit of the old lady."
Director Brechtu belongs to the idea of the "Effect of Exchange", involving the creation of a wall between the viewer and the actor, which in the course of action becomes a scenic character. The author of the theory proposed to present the public unexpected types and describe unpredictable events, provoking intellectual work, the appearance of its own position and ability to analytical perception. He contrasted this classical compassion, the emergence of which at the viewer, according to the classics, is the main goal of showing the performance. The book "Theory of the Epic Theater" describes the ideas of Brecht on this.
History of creation
The play "Mamash Courage and her children" was written by Brecht in 1939, on the threshold of World War II. The premiere of the play took place in 1941 in Zurich. Then the statement was organized by the author of the literary basis on the stage of the "Berliner of the Ensemble" created by him. The principles of the epic theater, proclaimed as an alternative to the classics, were recreated in the performance. Reformer and revolutionary, Brecht perceived theatrical art as a path to the formation of class consciousness.
The play "Mamash Courage" described the events of the period of the thirty-year war, which happened in the 17th century. The playwright used famous events to create a plot to warn the viewer from repetition of bloody races. Considering that silence and loyalty regarding the policy of modern power is the "small" person's "Little", Brecht promoted a stoic civil position, urge to forget about indifference to stop social catastrophes.
The main acting face of the play was the woman named Anna Firding. The marchtatant was nicknamed Mom Mama Courage and traveled through the military paths in the van, full of essential goods. The company was made by children: two sons and a dumb daughter. Brecht presented a female image in an unexpected key. Anna performed a wealthy person trying to benefit in wartime. For her, human suffering, hunger and poverty were not important. Everything that she cared about is the opportunity to prove.
The plot of the play affects long 12 years, during which the life of the main character is irrevocably changed. The war took the children, she fell, changed outwardly, but did not lose their former enthusiasm. He glorifying the war for giving her a piece of bread, milf courage without any assistance rolls his van with goods.
Brecht paid attention to a thorough study of the image of the main heroine. Positive female images lit by maternity and the joy of life are incompatible with a commercial vein, especially cynically looking in wartime. The main character was discussed critics and art historians as a new phenomenon in German literature and drama. Through this character, Brecht wanted to convey to the audience an idea of insight, leaving the fate of the heroine in her own hands.
Critics reproached the playwright for creating an ambiguous image built on pessimistic motifs. Trying to survive at the expense of the war, Mama Kurazh brings her sacrifice of children.
"Momash Courage and her children" - a work that has become an example of classical modern dramaturgy. Often it is put by directors that promote revolutionary policies, who are not afraid to challenge the public and theatrical canons. The most famous performer of the main women's role in performances on a literary basis was Elena Waygel, the wife of Bertolt Brecht. The play was in demand in Russia in the post-war period and often appeared in theatrical repertoire in Soviet times.
For the first time in Moscow, Nikolai Okhlopkov, who worked at the Moscow Theater named after Mayakovsky was decided to perform on the work of Brecht. In 1960, the premiere of the play took place, the main role in which Judith Glizer was performed. The performance was called coarse and gloomy, which coincided with the poetics of the works of German playwright.
Most of the plays on the play were not filled with the Spirit inherent to the author. They had little revelation, call and denounced. The work was the work of Mark Zakharov in the Moscow Theater of Satira, where Tatiana Peltzer spoke in the image of Mamashi.
Modern directors often turn to the work of Brecht. Among the famous producers who worked on the incarnation on the play, which became a vivid example of the epic theater of Brecht: Alexander Morphov, Yuri Butusov and Valery Fokin.
Plot
The action in the work unfolds during the thirty-year-old war, during which Germany suffered a long time to humiliate, led to the national catastrophe. In 1642, the army was collected, which was sent with the attack on Poland. The recruiters with whom the author introduces the author represent the audience the main characters. Mama Courage, together with children, wanders on the roads, selling a simple skarb. One of the new acquaintances persuades the Son to join the army, and the guy named Eilif leaves the van of the Markattika.
Meeting a guy with family is happening two years later. Son Momashi Courage Mature and is proud of military merits, which were accompanied by bloody and aggression. Three years later, the second son of Mamashi Courage becomes the treasurer in the Finnish regiment, and she got a good job with him. In one of the attacks of Catholics, coming to the ground, where the regiment stood, Lutheran Courage turns out to be in his van, protecting the regimental treasury from the enemy.
Her second son of Schwearterskas takes captive Catholics. Saving a child, the courage is ready to sacrifice the regimental execution, but she is irretrievably lost: the soldier threw it into the stream, when he noticed the starting chase. Swiss carcass is executed, and the courage is again sent to the sides in Europe. After a couple of years, the Swedish king was killed under Lutzen, and for some time a truce was reigned. Despite the fact that things went to the decline, Courage is glad that he has not lost other children.
The world brings her family trouble no less than war. The old misconduct of the son of Eilifa in good days was considered a crime, and a recent feat led to the shooting. War begins again. Courage, in the ignorance of the death of the second son, continues the journey in the old hiking van.
After 16 years, the war has exhausted all financial and human resources. Courage and cook, her satellite, dove. Suddenly the mother-in-law of Mamashi Courage comes a letter that he had a small inheritance in the form of a restaurant. The hero calls the woman with himself, but with the condition that she will leave daughter. The courage refuses and together with his daughter Katrin travels in Germany in the military carriage. On one of the stops of Catherine, overhearding the plan of enemies, carelessly raises panic, and it is killed. Mama Courage is started again on the road.