Biography
In world history, the first Queen of Spain Isabella Castilskaya left a trace as an influential, far-sighted and hard ruler. She ruled the country in tandem with his wife Ferdinand Aragon, so this era was called the Board of Kings. This time is noted by a number of reforms and innovations with global importance.
First of all, the spouses united Spain, making a dynastic marriage. Being a zealous Catholic, Isabella strengthened the Spanish Inquisition in order to strengthen the purity of the Catholic faith, driving thousands of the innerians from the country. The ambitious Queen blessed on the circulation of Christopher Columbus around the world, and the opening of the American continent was the beginning of the colonization of new lands and turning Spain into a powerful empire until the middle of the XVI century.
Childhood and youth
Isabella I Castilskaya was born on April 22, 1451. Father - Juan II, King of Castile, My Mother Isabella Portuguese came from the Aviani dynasty, which was standing at the Portuguese throne from the XIV century. She was 19 years old when the 42-year-old widowed king took her wife.
Isabella's birth undermined a heart health. I am experiencing a postpartum depression, she became screaming and hysterical. In 1453, Queen gave birth to Huan II Son Alfonso. But the monarch did not have time to rejoice at the appearance of the younger heir, by that time he was already wearing health and a year later died.
The death of the spouse was vanished Isabella Portuguese to the state of black melancholy. The only surviving son of Juan II came to the Castilian throne from the first marriage Enrique IV concluded a stepmother with children - Isabella and Alfonso - Arrowalo Castle.
The childhood of the future Queen was previously held here. She received upbringing and education put on all girls of that era. Young person taught elementary diploma, needlework, compliance with religious rites. The girl most about the world loved to score in a dark corner of the library and read books on the life-writings of great people.
At 10 years she stopped being a closer. Her and Alfonso talked from the suffering depression of the mother and brought Enrique to the court. Such a solution was dictated by a political background. King Enrique, despite the second marriage, still remained childless, for which the people were nusted powerless. True, his second spouse Juan Portuguese gave birth to Huan's daughter, but because of the connection of the queen with the Aristocrat of Beltera de la Cueva, the girl was considered illegitimate, unbelievously calling Juan Beltrane.
The absence of a direct heir, whose origin would not be in doubt, forced the king not without helping to confirm the heir to the younger brother on the Father Alfonso. Enrique planned to marry him on his daughter Juan, but a painful Alfonso dies in 14 years. The only descendant of Juan II remains daughter Isabella.
She grows with a godly godly and closed, reads a lot, spends time in prayers and dreams of a secluded personal life. Political intrigues noble do not worry her, and Isabella refuses to present the rights to the throne.
For her it does Enrique IV himself. In 1468, when Isabelle was 17 years old, he proclaimed her heiress of the Castilian throne, erected the Princess Ascent Princess. The guardianship of the older brother of the future Queen meant that she should agree with Him's marriage. Isabella was also disgraced and, rejected by the candidates offered by Enrique, secretly married Prince Ferdinand Aragon.
Personal life
From the side, such a secret wedding seems to be committed by love and wearing a romantic nature. However, judging by the fact that the bride and the bride first met in Valladolid, this marriage was made exclusively in political interests.
King Aragon - Father Ferdinanda - saw in this perspective to unite with Castile. And Isabella's herself, not wanting to be a pawn in the hands of a politically experienced elderly spouse (it was such candidates who offered her Enrique), agreed to marriage with his secondary brother - a young prince, who also pledged to live in Castile, honor the laws of the country and not take any Solutions without the knowledge of the Queen.
The secret marriage was concluded on October 19, 1469. The Ferdinand's retinue had to get incognito, heated by merchants, Isabella left the palace from the palace under the pretext to visit the sick mother.
Chronicles describe the portrait of a young bride: greenish-blue eyes, golden curls and white skin, the physique does not differ in the brittleness and grace. Isabella was even above the spouse. Ferdinand, being younger than his wife for a year, was complete to her opposite: black as a smt hair, dark skin, brown eyes. A declared handsome man, he also had 2 illegitimate children before the marriage, he was borrowed in marriage with Isabella.
In the official Union, 10 children were born in Ferdinand and Isabella. Of these, there were only 4 daughters and 1 son - Juan Asturia, who also did not live to the throne and died aged 19.
The daughters of Isabella Castilsk left their mark in history. All four became queens. Isabella Asturiaskaya and Maria Aragonian were married to the Portuguese King Manuel I (Ovdov, he married his wife's younger sister). The younger Ekaterina Aragoneskaya became the wife of the legendary English king Henry Viii Tudor. And finally, Juan's insane, which the Castilian throne moved, was his wife of the Spanish king Philip Beautiful.
End of the throne and board
Isabella rushed to the throne and declared himself the Queen of Castile and Leon on December 14, 1474, after the death of Brother Enrique. The king before the death forgave the breath of his sister and admitted her marriage with Ferdinand. In fact, this union, combining Castile and Aragon, created the Spanish kingdom (the full political association happened with the accession of Navarre in 1512).
Supporters of Juan Beltrunha began to protest against the coronation of Isabella to around the straight heirs. The king of Portugal Afonus V took advantage of this situation: he married Juan (being her uncle) and invaded Castile to return the rights of his wife for the throne. This struggle continued until 1479, as a result, both sides concluded the world.
Locking the lines of the country, the queen engaged in the internal arrangement: installed the order and discipline in the palace, which did not differ Yard Enrique IV, introduced a number of financial and managerial reforms, updated lawmaking.
At Isabelle, Holy Ermandada appeared - armed detachments on the protection of order, this greatly limited to the self-government of Spanish Grande and Cortes. Royal power, on the contrary, rose more and more, gained absolute authority.
For an almost 30-year history of the rule of Queen Isabella, at least 3 major events that influenced the course of world history occurred. The first is the end of reconquists, a sacred war, announced by the Christians Arab invasion and the planting of Muslim religion throughout the captured Pyrenean Peninsula. Until 1492, only Granada remained under the rule of Arabs. Taking the troops of Isabella and Ferdinand of this city meant the end of almost 7-century confrontations.
Isabella also ordered from Spain all Arabs and Jews in order to combat the purity of Catholic faith. Inviera should either leave the country or take Catholicism. The same who, having gained a new faith, secretly observed the old rites, burned on the bonorable of the Inquisition. Subsequently, unfortunate began to settle in separate quarters called ghetto.
And finally, the third initiative of Isabella, who became a story, is equipment to the sea expedition of Christopher Columbus, the outcome of which was the discovery for European countries of the new light in the period from 1492 to 1504.
Death
Over the years, Queen's health has weakened: numerous childbirth and protracted religious posts have done their job. By the age of 50, she turned into a sullen closer, which gave the daughters issued to married to other kingdoms.
The last blow for Isabella became terrible truth: a woman learned that her favorite Juan's daughter was the most beautiful and cheerful - suffering a mental disorder, like her grandmother.
Nevertheless, the Queen made his favorite the heiress of the Spanish throne, but in the will indicated that in the case of non-meaningful daughter, her father Ferdinand is appointed regent. In November 1504, Isabella died in Medina del Campo for the reason for a long ailment. The tomb of the monarch is located in the royal chapel in Granada.
In 1515, her husband Ferdinanda buried next to the queen. He survived the spouse for 11 years, during which he actually managed the state and left the crown of the grandson of Karl Habsburg - the son of Juan Mad and Philip Beautiful.
Memory
The biography of such a great woman at all times attracted writers, directories and artists. Personality of Isabella Castilian squeezing by literators. Her life method is devoted to the novels of Lorenz Shunovier "Cross Queen", K. W. Khtrestor "Klyatva Queen", Victoria Holt "Queen Castilskaya" and "Spain for kings."
Many famous actresses embodied the image of Queen Isabella in Cinema: Sigurnie Weaver in the film "1492: Won of Paradise" (1992), Fay Danaway in the TV series "Christopher Columbus" (1985), Rachel Ward in the film "Christopher Columbus: Won of America" (1992) , Florence Eldridge in Ribe "Christopher Columbus" (1949).
Isabella Castilskaya appears even in the popular Turkish TV series "Magnificent Century". The scripts came up with a storyline, according to which the Corsairs's young infanta are kidnapped, and the future queen becomes the captive of Sultan Suleiman. However, the events described in the series have nothing to do with historical truth.
Interesting Facts
- The queen adored chess, and in honor of her the figure "Queen" began to be called the Queen.
- There is a legend that at the siege of Granada Isabella gave the Zaveri not to wash until the city fell. Over time, her underwear acquired a yellowish tint, which the Spaniards today are called "Isabel".
- The queen adored olives, but solely as dessert, according to her order, the court chefs had the fruits in honey.
- For the equipment of the expedition, Columbus Queen Isabella even laid his own jewelry, but this still did not have enough for the complete support of the journey. Martin Alonso Pinson helped the financial discoverer - a rich Spanish shipowner.