Diocletian - Photo, Biography, Personal Life, Death Cause, Roman Emperor

Biography

The Roman emperor Diocletian was an ambiguous ruler. With it, in the IV century, great persecutions began on Christians, with it there was a reform that called the tetrarchy, - the management of the state through four people, which laid the beginning of Dominat. Diocletian became the first Roman emperor voluntarily refused by the Board.

Childhood and youth

According to the assumptions of the historian Timothy Barnes, the countdown of the biography of the Roman emperor is conducted dated December 22, 244. Born in Dioklettia, the boy received the Greek name Diozer (or Diocl Valery).

Diocla parents belonged to the lower class, probably the father was writing, and grandfather is a slave-free. The future ruler of the Roman Empire differs in the sharp mind, had workers, which helped Diokla to enter the army of Emperor Gallien and quickly climb the career stairs.

Military service

There are no genuine information about the first 40 years of the diocla life, it is assumed that he served in Gaul. In the Roman chronicles of 282, there is an entry that Emperor Car appointed the future receiver Protectores Domestic servants of the elite cavalry army directly related to the palace.

Car died with unexplained circumstances (from the impact of lightning or from the disease) in the midst of the war with the Persion. The brazers of the board switched to the hands of the sons of Karina and Numerian. The brothers divided the power equally: Karin took positions in the West, Numerian - in the East. The latter, considering the death of Father a bad sign, insisted at the exit of the war. Numerian died soon enough, without having been and years on the throne. The cause of death is definitely not known - the murder committed by the Prefect of Arryia aprage, or eye illness.

After the death of Numerian, the Roman army refused to accept Karina full ruler. On the military council on November 20, 284, the stands and military leaders were elected Diozer's emperor. The new ruler was described in such statements:

"... a smart man who loved the state, his subordinates who could have been able to do what the circumstances of time required. He was always filled with high designs. "

On the same day, Diocl, having taken into magenta imperial clothes, gave an oath of loyalty to the state and admitted to Numerian's death. Wines for murder lay on apra. In front of the army, the new emperor exposed the sword and drove the traitor. After that, the "rite" diocl took a new name - Guy Aureli Valery Diocletian.

Governing body

In the West, she was still firmly occupied by Karin. He was not going to give up Diocletian without a fight, and the opponents moved troops to each other. The emperors met in the spring of 285 on the Marga River (now Morava). On the side of Karina, there was a stronger army, but she did not want to obey the ruler, who was poorly applied to the legislature in the face of Senate and seduced by officer wives. As a result, Diocletian's army won, and Karin died at the hands of his own people. The victory marked the former unity of the Roman Empire under one monarch.Embed from getty images

Diocletian's activities were aimed at the "gluing" of the state, but local conflicts were boiling throughout the territory. Maximian helped the Emperor's order, the longtime friend, who in 286 became a co-guide. Accents in the Office put Religion: Diocletian took the name of the ancient Greek God of Jupiter, denoting the dominant role in statehood, and Maximian - Hercules, the heroic assistant of the father of all the gods.

After the separation of power, Maximian headed to the West, and Diocletian is east. In 288, the chief Roman Emperor concluded a peaceful agreement with the Persia, putting the end of the war started at Kara.

Meanwhile, Maximian did not go so smoothly. Karauzius, his responsible for operations against pirates, kept seized goods. Maximian issued a death sentence to the traitor, and he proclaimed himself as a ruler and prompted the Great Britain and Northwestern Gallia to an open uprising against Diocletian and Maximian. The Chief Emperor of Rome, however, provided his associate to his opposite to understand the enemy.

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At the beginning of 291, the emperors agreed that there were not enough hands to manage the state. They decided to "split" power and elect two Caesarians. The choice fell on the constancy of Chlorine and Galeria Maximian. The continuity of the Union guaranteed related links: Constances took to his wife Feodoro, the Padderitsa Maximian, and the gallery contacted the Uzami marriage with Galeriya Valeria, Diocletian's daughter.

The Union, called a tetrarchy, that is, the "Board four", meant the family hierarchy, so Diocletian and Maximian from now called each other with brothers, and the gallery and constancy officially recognized their sons. After the departure of senior emperors, their "heirs" came to power.

In 294, King Narsa came to power, which immediately announced the war of the Roman Empire. The first dawn turned out to be a troop gallery in the territory of Western Armenia. Diocletian Hulil "Son" for misses, and over the next years, dozens of major victories won the gallery. In 299, Narsa prayed for a mercy, significantly losing in the lands and wealth. On the territory of the former Persia, the chief emperor arranged the term, that is, the ancient Roman baths.

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Returning from the battlefield, the emperors and their "children" were sacrificed to the animal to learn the future. The priest could not "read" insides, accusing Christians present at ritual. Then the emperors ordered all members of the Palace to participate in the sacrifice to calculate people, the wrong Roman Pantheon.

It is assumed that the George Propagandist of the persecution was the pagan gallery, and not Diocletian, who was leaning toward religious tolerance. However, it was he who, the chief emperor, in 302 initiated a stripping followers of the prophet Mani, who allegedly threatened the empire. It is assumed that the religion of Mani came from Persia. Some people burned alive, and with them the Manichaean works.

In February 303, Diocletian on the recommendation of the Oracle announced the universal horses of Christians. The process began with the destruction of the temple in Nikomide. On February 24, the emperor published the first Edict against Christians, who prescribed the destruction of the scriptures and temples throughout the state. Christians took the right to pray and go to court, the freeds were returned to slavery.

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The subsequent Edicts of Diocletian obliged to arrest priests. Prisons were overwhelmed by followers of the Christian faith, they had to let go of the usual criminals - thieves and murderers. In November 303, the emperor announced an amnesty to those who agree to bring the victim to the gods, and a year later the choice was causing more hard - participation in sacrifice or death.

Finally stop the persecution was able to Konstantin the Great, son Constance Chlorine. Having come to power in 306, he, as the only full-awake ruler of the Roman Empire, declared Christianity to the dominant religion.

Personal life

In 293, Diocletian married a Christian Prisch. Gallery Valery was born in marriage, she was brought up in the Christian faith. Binding with the emperor Personal life did not save women from persecution - in 303, Prsk and Galeriy were forced to sacrifice the animal to "whitewash" their name. After the death of the gallery, the wife of Galerii, and Diocletian women were looking for refuge in the Roman emperors of Litinia and Maximi II Daza, but the end of them was waiting for the sorry: the arrival and galeriily executed in 315.

Death

In November 304, Diocletian's health deteriorated sharply. He did not leave the Palace and the Winter, and on December 13, the news of death was separated. Nicomedia went into mourning, but in vain - on March 1, 305, Diocletian again appeared in public, exhausted and barely recognizable.

Galery, seeing the difficult state of the Father, forced that refuse to power. On May 1, 305, on a hill, where Diocletian was declared an emperor, he resulted off the authority. In the history of ancient Rome, this happened for the first time. At the same time, Maximian passed the rite with Diocletian.

After the departure of Diocletian and Maximian, the tetrarchy gave a failure. Residents of Carnuta Prayal Mountain Emperor back to power to resolve the conflict for the throne. Diocletian replied:

"If the emperor saw a cabbage, which I raised here with my own hands, he would not send to suggest me to replace this corner of peace and happiness to the world, full of greed."

Diocletian saw how the tetrarchical system was crashed, undermined by selfish ambitions of successors. He heard Maximian tried to regain power, but he was sentenced to suicide and Damnatio Memoriae, that is, the curse of memory. Even in the house of the former emperor statues and portraits of his former "brother" destroyed.

Perhaps in despair Diocletian committed suicide. Death came on December 3, 312.

Memory

Diocletian is considered the founder of the city of Split in modern Croatia, which has grown around a strongly fortified Palace of the Emperor. Today, this architectural monument, built in 305, decorates the historical center.