Biography
Grigori Chukhray lived a long, decent and happy life. The heroic was waging a war and removed wonderful films, educated the children and managed to see the valve. In the biography of the director there is not a single flammable spot.Childhood and youth
Grigori Naumovich is the fruit of love of the fighters of the Red Army. The boy, which appeared on the light in Melitopol in 1921, was given the maternal surname of Chukhray, meaning "Easy to lift a person who all deeds will be."
Growing the guy is not the blood father of Naum Rubanov, a Jew by nationality, and stepfather - Ukrainian Pavel Litvinenko, who worked as chairman of the collective farm. The fact that 20 years after the acquaintance with Litvinenko, the director called Son Pavlik, confirms that Grigory was treated with respect and gratitude to the receptionist.
After graduating from the school, the young Chukhray called into the army, and the war began soon. Gregory served as a paratrooper, was injured four times, received a number of government awards, the fighting path finished in Hungary. Memories of Gregory Naumovich about Fire Lipherette can be read in the book "My War", written by a master at the end of life.
In Stalingrad, in one of the destroyed houses, Grisha found a book on the theory of film theory of the authorship of Lev Kuleshov and decided to become a director. In Vgik, the young Chukhray showed no less courage than on the front - the only one of the students elevated a voice in defense of the Master Sergey Yutkevich's cosmopolitan.
For comparison: the future author of the "House on the Embankment" Yuri Trifonov, who studied at the end of the 40s in the literary institute, not only did not stand up for the leisure of the teacher, but also wrote a conjunctural work of "Students", justifying the struggle with cosmopolitanism.
Combat wounds prevented the graduate film Gregory. Mikhail Romm helped a talented guy and counted the work of Chukhray for the second director in the picture "Admiral Ushakov" as a graduation project.
Films
Gregory Naumovich's filmography includes less than 10 paintings (including two documentary tapes), but in the asset director more than 100 creative awards. The first independent director's work Chukhraya is the film "Forty-first", a recognized masterpiece, triumpor of the Cannes Festival.
The story of Boris Lavreneva Gregory read, being in the hospital after another combat injury. The work was in the soul of the future director. Chukhray strengthened the thought of the writer about the inhumanity of the war, the life of young and beautiful people. For the first time in Soviet cinema, Belog Guarderer is shown an attractive talented person who loving Russia. During filming, the script writer wrote to Chukhraya Donos, but the film suddenly liked Nikita Khrushchev and received a happy rolling destiny.
No less talented the next picture of Chukhraya - "Ballad about a soldier", a film about a war in which there is almost no fighting. On the first day of the shooting, an accident occurred in which the director received fractures of the clavicle and legs. Injuries strengthened Gregory Naumovich in thought that Oleg Strizhenov, who flashed in the "forty-first", whom he planned to be shown in the lead role of "ballads", is old for Alyosha Skvortsov.
As a result of the young fighter, his peer was played by Vladimir Ivashov, and a student Jeanne Prokhorenko was perfectly performed the main female role. The film received the Lenin Prize and nominated for Oscar in the category "Best Original Scenario", but the director did not even report on the award of the American Film Academy.
The scenario of the next picture of Chukhray "Clean Sky", written by the playwright Daniel Khrabrovitsky, has passed cardinal processing. In the initial version, the brave Soviet pilot first in the world overcame the sound barrier.
When Chukhray appealed for advice to pilots, it turned out that this achievement belongs to foreign aviators. As a result, Evgenia Urbansky's character overcomed not physical obstacles, but the rejection of the Soviet society after the fascist captivity. The tape refuses the inhuman essence of Stalinism.
In the film Chukhraya "Zagoka", shot, unlike the previous ones, not thawed in the era, and with a stitch, censors saw slander for wartime. The picture tells about the blind maternal love that has made his son deserter and enduring his soul. Nonna Mordyukova was performed by the main female role in the tape.
The contribution to the Soviet cinema Grigory Naumovich was made not only by those films that resulted, but also with ribbons released in the experimental creative association created by him. The idea of the studio was the orientation for the interests of the audience, and not to order Goskino. Under the auspices of the association, such hits were issued as "Ivan Vasilyevich is changing the profession" and the "White Sun of the Desert".
Personal life
Personal life Grigory Naumovich was as worthy as his work. Successful director and interesting (as the photo and footage of the newsreel testify) The man was a monochombus.With the future wife, Fighter Grisha met at the beginning of the war in Essentuki. Student Ira Penkov's Day of Sokina's darling, and went to the dances in the evenings. The girl turned out to be the former classmate grishine colleague Ivan Taran, and the acquaintance took place. The war separated young people, but the entrepreneurial Chukhray found hemp with the help of a letter to the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper.
After the liberation of Essentukov, Grigory came from German occupation to Ira on vacation, laid for wound, and called her married. On the road at the groom left 10 out of 14 days of vacation. The wedding took place exactly a year before the end of the war, so on May 9 in the Chukhray family there were 2 holidays.
According to the memoirs of the director's widow, Grigory Naumovich was a wonderful husband - loving, hand and never rising a voice. The couple raised her daughter, who became a kineet, and the son, which went in the footsteps of the Father. Pattern Pavel Grigorievich Chukhraya "Thief", like 40 years ago, the film "Ballada about a soldier" was nominated for Oscar.
Death
The Mother of Soviet Cinema died in the fall of 2001. The cause of death became a heart attack. Grigory Chukhray's grave is located on the Vagankovsky cemetery.
Filmography
- 1954 - Nazar Stodol
- 1956 - "Forty first"
- 1959 - "Soldier Ballad"
- 1961 - "Clean Sky"
- 1964 - "Lived - there were an old man with an old woman"
- 1970 - "Memory"
- 1977 - "Bog"
- 1980 - "Life is beautiful"
- 1984 - "I will teach you to dream"