Biography
The biography of Peter Vyazemsky reflects the fact that a long life is not always a synonym for happy fate. The poet buried all friends and almost all the children. Loneliness, disappointment and misunderstanding were the prince's companions in recent years of life.Childhood and youth
Peter Andreevich was born in the summer of 1792. Andrei Ivanovich Vyazynsky's father met the Mother Jane when I performed a tour in Europe, Irs had an Irish with her husband. Despite the objections of the senior relatives against the Union with a foreigner, and he also was married, the prince led the chief of the crown.
The boy is early orphaned: when he was 10 years old, Mom died, and at 15 - father. By this time, Ekaterina Kolyvanov's only sister was married to Nikolai Karamzin, who was appointed a guardian of the young Vyazemsky. The author of the "Story of the Russian State" Peter later called the second Father.
Vyazemsky received a home education (Professor of Moscow University was engaged in Him), and also held 2 years in St. Petersburg Jesuit guesthouse. The young prince was typical humanitarian, and to mathematics and other accurate sciences treated as a punishment.
In 12 years, Petya wrote the first poems in French, and in 15 for the first time published a work - the written debut of Vyazemsky became an essay "On Magic". After the death of his father, the young man was betrayed with drunk kitsuzh, only in the card games Peter was distilled half the inheritance. From the young Vyazemsky, a portrait and fun Pierre Zuhovova were written off.
As well as the Hero of Tolstoy, after Napoleon's attack on Russia, Peter Andreevich entered the militia, and although, like a little bit, I looked at the frontier and did not understand the tactics and strategies, for the heroic act received the Order of St. Vladimir. The feat of the young prince was in the salvation of the life of the wounded General Bakhmetyev. An interesting fact: Elderly Peter Vyazemsky negatively estimated the novel "War and Peace", believing that the book lands the meaning of the Patriotic War for Russia.
Career and social activities
In the life of the writer, the periods of proximity to the royal court were intermitted with the Opal periods. Vyazemsky managed to visit the cosmopolitan and patch-patriot, a friend of the Decembrists and the head of Russian censorship, Deputy Minister of Education and the Supervisory Police. Evaluating its activities at state posts polar.
The political ideal of the prince was an enlightened monarchy, the poet dreamed of gradual democratic reforms and moral mitigations. Vyazemsky did not consist in secret societies, although he sympathized with the ideas of the Decembrists, as it was rightly believed that in Russia any uprising would turn the bloody and meaningless rebellion. The accuracy of the forecast is explained by the fact that Peter Andreevich loved and knew the story, and later established the Russian historical society.
A courageous act of the prince was storage for 30 years folders with forbidden papers, which Vyazemsky gave the Decembrist Ivan Pushchin before arrest. Among the documents rescued by Peter Andreevich, the manuscripts of Pushkin and Ryleva poems, the draft constitution compiled by Nikita Muravyev.
Creation
Such a multi-sided as Vyazemsky's social activity, his poetry. The first poems of Peter Andreevich were imitated by the works of Zhukovsky and Karamzin, but then the poet "cut through" his own voice. Vyazemsky even earlier Pushkin brought a simple human speech into poetry. The evolution of the syllable of Peter Andreevich is visible when comparing the poems "First Snow" (with long rows and heavy rhymes) and "Birch" (with aphoristic definitions). Like Pushkin, Vyazemsky quite a lot of poems devoted autumn.The best works of Prince (for example, Troika) became folk songs. The religiosity was reflected in his spiritual poems ("prayer") newly acquired by the writer in adulthood. With the help of Eldar Ryazanov and the composer Andrei Petrov, Lyazemsky's ballads received a new life in the film "We will shift the word about the poor hussar."
The favorite genre of Prince was a poetic satire, which included both political epigrams, so poems of jokes addressed to friends. In the late works, Vyazemsky anticipated literary experiments of the silver century. No less meaning than poetry, they have notes by Peter Andreevich, collected by the anecdotes and the sharpness of his authorship.
Personal life
Rooded and witty Peter Vyazemsky walked enviable fiance. In 1809, the young man fell in love for the first time. The object of the future friend of Pushkin became the daughter of the Perm Governor Sophia Karlovna, which was 20 years older than the young Vyazemsky. At the provincial Ball, an ardent in love suggested a lady to run with him to St. Petersburg. But the silent lioness responded with refusal and called Peter the "naive child", to which Vyazemsky ruptured in the midst of dance.
Not for 2 years, as Peter Andreevich comforted and married. With the future wife, the prince met, being in the manor's estate near Moscow. One of the young ladies, netting on the degeneracy of the male family, threw a shoe into the pond. Two knights dived behind the subject of shoes. One of them is Prince Vyazemsky - in the evening there is a slightly difficult inflammation of the lungs.
He robbed two weeks, and the Master's Daughter was keen on the young man - Vera Gagarin. Young people penetrated mutual sympathy, and the mother's mother hinted Vyazemsky that now he is as a decent person is obliged to marry. The hasty union was durable and durable, brought spouses 8 (according to other information - 9) offspring, of which only Paul survived his parents.
An interesting fact: Vyazemsky's marriage was unusual - experiencing mutual sympathy and respect, Peter and Faith, ahead of Chernyshevsky characters, allowed each other to have extramarital connections. One of the beloved princes was Alexander Pushkin, who devoted to the Vyazemskaya several poems.
In turn, Peter Andreevich courted the wife of the "Sun of Russian Poetry", especially after Natalia Nikolaevna Ovdalo. These hobbies did not interfere in the friendly communication of Vyazemsky and Pushkin, discussing the writers of creativity, political problems and personal life. Alexander Sergeevich wrote more letters to Peter Andreevich than his wife.
Spouses Vyazemsky took the mystery into the grave, why, knowing about the duel of Pushkin with Dantes, did not dissuade the great friend from the fatal act. In the works, Peter Andreevich repeatedly tried to explain the reason for this, but, as they say, "confused in the testimony." For contradictions, Pavel Petrovich Vyazemsky pointed in the notebooks of the Father.
Death
In the old age, the writer suffered from spiritual decline, insomnia and Handra. The nervous disorder was aggravated by the attacks of drunkenness. 7 years before the death, the former outer wrote a poetic auto-ratio.
Peter Vyazemsky died in 86 years. The cause of death is defined by doctors as senile exhaustion. Although the sad event happened in Baden-Baden, the body was transported to St. Petersburg and ran into the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. The full collection of the compositions of the poet and the memoirist was published shortly after his death. Vera Fedorovna Vyazemsky lived 96 years.
Quotes
- "And living in a hurry, and feel hurry"
- "The temptations of all I reached the sweet poison,Tasted and bitter all possible tears "
- "Our life in old age is a worn bathrobe:
And conscientious to wear it, and sorry to leave "
- "The expression" kvass patriotism "jokingly was beaten and resisted. There is no big trouble in this patriotism. But there is also a svalya patriotism; This fellible: Feat God from him! He dares the mind, the heart does the heart, leads to the rope, and sucking leads to white hot "
Bibliography
- 1848 - "Visient background. The essay of Prince Peter Vyazemsky "
- 1862 - "On the road and at home. Collection of poems of Prince P.A. Vyazemsky "
- 1878-1896 - "Complete essays of Prince P.A. Vyazemsky "
- 1929 - "Old notebook"
- 1935 - "Favorite poems"
- 1963 - "Notebooks (1813-1848)"
- 1984 - aesthetics and literary criticism "
- 1988 - "Poem. Memories. Notebooks"