Biography
Alexander Triomponovich Tvardovsky - Soviet writer, who was destined to create an immortal image of Soldier Vasily Turkin. In his creative life there were a lot of events that did a poet and a triumphant, and defeated.The actions of the Twardowsky as editor-in-law of the magazine "New World" caused dissatisfaction of officials of the Main Directorate for Literature and Publishing Houses of the USSR. He walked against the ideology. Now such is called oppositionists, and Alexander Trifonovich, according to critics:
"Litected literature and creative people from deadlocks, in which they were driven by history, time, circumstances."Childhood and youth
The writer was born on June 21, 1910 on the farm Zagorne, in the Pochinkovsky district of the Smolensk region. By the securities of the father, the terrain was then called the Floosha Podlosovo farm. This land, the head of the Tronon Gordeevich family acquired through the bank by installments. He was a wonderful blacksmith, but he wanted to devote himself to agriculture. The mother of the poet Maria Mitofanovna was engaged in the peasant yard and had troubled at home.
According to the memories of Alexander Trifonovich, the family lived difficult, although there were already awareness with prosperity. The family reigned a special atmosphere, which had an impact on the creative perception of the life of little Sasha. Mother could touched to the tears of the songs that workers sang in the field, or a view of a lonely tree. She penetrated with all the soul with the views of nature and could not be sacrificed with smells of freshly acted herbs and wet earth after the rain.
Father in the evenings read the children of books. In his autobiography, Tvardovsky writes that in this way he met the work of Alexander Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov, Nikolai Gogol and Alexei Tolstoy. Tripon Gordeevich sang very well and knew a lot of poems by heart. The first verse young Twardovsky composed when he was not able to write yet. He told that it did not have "nor Lada, no row."
"I distinctly remember that there was a passionate, hot before the heartbeat, the desire to give birth to the light and immediately, the feeling, accompanying and donny, any idea," said Alexander Trifonovich.Parents treated in different ways to writing the Son. My mother regretted and worried, as if he felt the sad intendedness of fate. And his father was proud, but according to the books he knew that writing work does not bring big money. Other from the Creators and remain unwasizing and poor.
At 13, Alexander shows the poem to the teacher. He begins to criticize it: you can not write so that everything is clear immediately. According to him, in modern literature it is necessary that everything is suitable and incomprehensible. And as proof of his words gave the boy to read the poetry of the early 20s. The young poet had doubts about their abilities.
In 1924, he begins to write articles for Smolensk newspapers for topical topics - defective bridges, abuse of officials. On the farm, the inhabitants came to him and often appealed to the Komsomol Tvardovsky with complaints to write about someone to punish.
During this period, Alexander returns to writing poems. In the newspaper "Smolenskaya Village" is published verse "New Izba". He goes to Smolensk, to the editorial office of the "Working Road" newspaper, where he gets acquainted with Mikhail Isakovsky.
I liked the Wardowcom poems. Of course, they were not perfect, as well as the poems of any novice poet, but it was not less difficult to notice that the Tvardovsky writes not as others, "Isakovsky shared in his memoirs.With his light hand on the third page of the newspaper published two poems with a portrait of a rural poet. After graduation, 18-year-old Twardovsky leaves for Smolensk. Could not find a job, hungry, interrupted as he could. But for myself unambiguously decided - there can be no speech about returning to the village.
After the publication of poems in the October magazine, Alexander Trifonovich leaves for Moscow, where it faces exactly the same problem - lack of mind and unemployment. Therefore, it decides to return to Smolensk. Here he enters the Pedagogical Institute, in which he studied 2 years, and in 1936 continues training at the Moscow History and Philosophical Institute.
Creation
In the 1930s, the poet creates the poems "Path to Socialism" and "Country of Murai", which describes collectivization as the beginning of the future light life. Interestingly, supporting Stalin's regime, Alexander, together with his brother and parents, buried grief splin - in 1931 they had to survive the exaggeration and link. The farm who has given a lot of time and strength gave the father of the poet, was destroyed by fellow villagers.
In 1939, Alexander works in the newspaper "guarding the Motherland." During this period, it begins to compose the poem "Vasily Torkin". It represents a number of episodes about the war, which are only connected by the main hero. Tvardovsky believed that he could perish at any time or someone from readers, so he chose such a form of work.
"Crossing" is one of the first fragments of the poem. The poet witnessed bloody battles on the Karelian Isthmus during the Soviet-Finnish war. Poems are published in the newspaper Western Front "Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda". They became an integral part of the life of front-line soldiers. Thanks to Turkin, the Tvardovsky becomes a cult writer of wartime. The lines from the poem are flying out on quotes:
Fight goes holy and right.The death fight is not for the sake of glory
For life on earth.
In 1942, Tvardovsky heard the story of a fighter, a participant in a heavy tank battle. The poem "Tankist's story" about the boy, an unnamed Hero of the Military Liphetye, who helped the crew to get to the territory of the enemy.
In 1946, Alexander Trifonovich writes the poem "House of the Road" about the first terrible months of the Great Patriotic War. The "two lines" poems are dedicated to meaningless military horrors, "I killed under Rzhev." Then, in 1953, there was a poem "For a distance - Dal". In it, the poet gives a personal assessment of Stalin's cult, reflects on life and death.
In 1950, Tvardovsky appointed the post of chief editor of the magazine "New World". But after 4 years, his officials are removed for trying to print the poem "Törkin on that light" and the works of unwanted authorists.
The second time he holds the post editor of the publication in 1958, where he worked until the 1970s. Historians gave an assessment to that period - unlooking time in the history of the "New World". With the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Nikita Khrushchev, the magazine became a symbol of thaw. It was the body of the legal opposition of Soviet power. When approving Khrushchev, Alexander Trifonovich publishes "one day Ivan Denisovich" Alexander Solzhenitsyn.
After the removal of Khrushchev, all the power of chief colt fell on the journal. First, the deputy editors are fired. They come to replace people who prevent Alexander Trifonovich to work. A unbelievable hostile atmosphere is created. In February 1970, the Tvardovsky and part of the editorial leave the magazine.
Personal life
His love of his life was Maria Illarionna Gorleov. They are peers, met in Smolensk. The girl also studied at the Pedagogical Institute, which did not graduate. Like Twardovsky, he worked as a "Working Way" editorial office, published in the magazines "Red Novy" and "New World" under the Great Family.After the death of the writer, the critic from the magazine "New World" Vladimir Lakshshin will call the wife of Alexander Trifonovich "the second wing" of the poet for "rich giftedness". About the personal life of the writer information is not enough, but there are letters to Mary Illarionovna from the war, which is permeated with a gentle sense of love:
"Everything is so serious in the world, honey, that, I think, those people who save their tenderness and affection for each other now, those will be inseparable."Alexander and Maria signed after the war. Two children were born in a couple: Valentine's daughters and Olga.
Death
Tvardovsky experienced a departure from the "New World". Nervous state affected health. Alexander Trifonovich transfers stroke, after which he does not move and does not speak. The poet was hospitalized, the doctors found a lung cancer in a launched form, which was the cause of the death of Vasily Turkin.
He died on December 18, 1971. Buried on the Moscow Novodevichy Cemetery. He was brought to his grave from Smolensk region, where he conducted childhood and his youth.
In the biography of Tvardovsky many interesting facts. His patron of Khrushchev never read the poems about Vasily Turkin. Despite the difficult relationship with the Soviet government, the Tvardovsky 5 years was listed as a candidate of the CPSU Central Committee. After death, the poet name is called streets in cities, school in Moscow and Aeroflot aircraft.
After herself, he left the descendants literary heritage. The photographs with the participation of the Tvardovsky reflected the mood and atmosphere of the resounding era of the Soviet Union.
Quotes
- Well lives,Who is a good man!
- No Heroes from Birth, -
They are born in battles.
- Kosy, braid, while dew
Dew Down - and we are home.
Bibliography
- 1931 - "Path to Socialism"
- 1932 - "Chair Diary"
- 1934 - "Country of Murai"
- 1942 - "Vasily Torkin"
- 1946 - "Road House"
- 1947 - "Poles"
- 1947 - "Motherland and Alien"
- 1951 - "Poem and Poems"
- 1953 - "For Dal - Dal"
- 1963 - "Törkin on that light"
- 1969 - "From lyrics these years. 1959 - 1968 "