Biography
The name of the famous leader of German and Austrian art Johannes Brahms took an honorable place in the top three of great composers, where Ludwig Van Beethoven and Johann Sebastian Bach were previously entered. A talented pianist, conductor and writer continued the tradition of predecessors and wrote dozens of works for piano, organ, voices, chamber ensemble and symphony orchestra.Childhood and youth
Johannes of Brahms, who was born on May 7, 1833, was lucky, because he became the son of a creatively gifted German Johanna Jacob, who owned string and wind musical instruments. With the silent consent of his wife, Joanna Nissen, who worked with a home seamstress, Johann began to teach the middle-sown of a tanning diploma and azam playing the violin and cello.
In 1842, the boy was given to the care of the teacher Otto Kosel to master the foundations of the composition and piano. Thanks to the leadership of the experienced mentor at the 10th-year-old, Brahms began to give concerts, and in 1845 the boy composed the first independent sonatoo.
Parents were against specialization in the composition, but the mentor was able to convince them, and Johannes moved to the class of composer Edward Markessen, brought up on the works of Franz Schubert, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Josef Haidna.
In 1849, when a novice composer and a pianist became diligently to concert, the Hamburg firm Cranz received the rights to his writings and released a music party signed by the pseudonym G. W. Marks. The original name of Brahms began to use from the 1851th, after the publication "Scherzo Or.4" and the song "Return to Motherland" ("Heimkehr"), later destroyed due to dissatisfaction and inclinations for perfectionism.
Due to such faders, the society began to spread interesting facts that Johannes eliminated the early works, because they sounded in bars and brothels, but it did not fit the reality, and the rumors quickly sued no.
Music
In 1853, Brahms inflicted his personal visit to Robert Shuman and received an enthusiastic review printed in the article "The Road Young". This praise aggravated self-critical standards and caused concerns not to match such a high rating. Therefore, abandoning the time from the demonstration of its own writings, Brahms gave a series of concerts. In 1852, having received the fame of the artist, Johannes decided to publish and handed over the notes of two piano sonat and songs by Leipzig Firm Breitkopf & Härtel.
However, Brahms pursued and the failures began with the failure of the premiere of the concert in the winter of 1859. And on the second presentation, the reaction of the public turned out to be so hostile that the author and the performer had to hold from premature leaving the scene. As a result of Johannes, tormented on fans and critics, intervened in the controversy about the state of German music and made an attack on the "New School", headed by Richard Wagner and Ferinets.
Such an assessment was enough to forget about the situation in the homeland, and settled in the Sovic Academy, taking the post of head and conductor. The composer was then settled in Baden-Baden, and began working on the most famous works, including the "German Requiem", which, after adding the final solo "IHR Habt Nun Traurigkeit", had an incredible success.
In the same period, the composer presented the Completed Series of the "Hungarian Dance" and the collection of Waltz for Vocal Quartet and Piano. Under the beneficial influence of the success of Brahms, it was possible to complete the long-started major works and release the cantata of the Rinaldo, the "first symphony", part of which was the famous "lullaby", and "Rhapsodia" for the counterpart, male choir and orchestra.
Guiding musicians of the Vienna Music Society, Johannes organized the premiere of new creations, on which, among other work, they sounded "Variations on the topic of Haydna", vocal quartets and "seven songs for mixed choir", written in 1874.
After that, the glory of the composer went beyond the borders of Central Europe, and Brahms was awarded prestigious premiums, honors and awards, and also recognized as an honorary citizen of Hamburg. In 1882, he was invited to fulfill the second piano concert, accompanied by the world-famous court orchestra of the Mininghange and to make the experimental record of the Hungarian dance on the phonofece brought by Thomas Edison.
In the 1890s, when the works were at the peak of popularity, Brahms after acquaintance with Johann Strauss II unexpectedly decided to leave writing and speak only as a conductor and a pianist. But the ideas remaining unpolished, returned it to creativity and took shape in Trio and Sonatas for Clarinet and the Long List of Intermezzo and other piano plays.
Personal life
Despite creative recognition and popularity, Brahms failed to find happiness in his personal life and, according to archival documents, never had a wife or children. He experienced passionate attachment to Clare Schuman, but even after the tragic death of her spouse, a great musician and a composer, remained with her in gentle relations and retained from the open manifestation of feelings.
In 1859, the thirst for family comfort forced Johannes to engage in the young girl Agata von Zhibolt, who had the grace of the aristocrat and a sensual voice caught. But the insult of Clara and the conversations arising around this union led to the rupture of the engagement, who left the mark in the "String Sex" Sol Minor ".
After parting, Brahms became a closed person, expressed emotions only in works, and only allowed himself nothing that did not mean a novel with the singer of Barbie Aley and a friendly connection with the fan of Elizabeth von Gezogenberg.
Death
In 1896, Brahms discovered a jaundice, which caused a tumor on the liver, soon the whole body was hit. But the weak composer continued to compose music and appeared in public conducted by the orchestra. The last speech, held in March 1897, caused ovation, and Johannes went to the scene in gratitude to the public for a warm welcome.A month later, the condition has deteriorated, and he had to abandon the visit of the premiere of the Operetta Strauss "Goddess of mind" and spend the rest of the days in the Viennese house chained to bed. As a result, the liver cancer took the balance of the composer forces and caused his death on April 3, 1897.
The body of 63-year-old genius was buried in the grave located on the Austrian cemetery Wiener Zentralfriedhof, under the monument on the project of the Belgian architect Victor Orta and the monument of the Austrian sculptor Ilze von Tvardov.
Musical works
- 1853 - Op. 1 "Sonata No. 1" for Piano C-DUR
- 1854 - Op. 9 "Variations on the topic R. Shuman" for piano
- 1857 - Op. 11 "Serenade number 1" for the D-DUR orchestra
- 1858 - Op. 15 "Concert No. 1" for piano with orchestra D-Moll
- 1861 - Op. 24 "Variations and Fugue on Handel" for Piano B-DUR
- 1864 - Op. 32 "Lieder und Gesänge" ("Songs and Tunes")
- 1865 - Op. 36 "String Sextet number 2" G-DUR
- 1868 - Op. 45 "German Requiem" for soloists, choir and orchestra
- 1869 - Op. 50 "Rinaldo" Cantata for the tenor, male choir and orchestra
- 1870 - Op. 52 "Liebeslieder-Walzer" ("Songs of Love") Valtza for Vocal Quartet and Piano Four Hands
- 1870 - Op. 53 "Rapseody" for the counterpart, male choir and orchestra ("Alto Rhapsody")
- 1876 - Op. 68 "Symphony No. 1" C-Moll
- 1877 - Op. 73 "Symphony No. 2" D-DUR
- 1879 - Op. 79 "Rapseody for Piano"
- 1885 - Op. 98 "Symphony No. 4" E-Moll
- 1892 - Op. 117 "Three Intermezzo" for piano
- 1896 - Op. 122 "Elf Choralvorspiele" ("Eleven Choral Preludes") for the Organ