Biography
The brightest representative of the Finnish era of late romanticism is considered to be a violinist and composer Jan Sibelius, who became the author of 7 symphony and hundreds of chamber works of secular and religious. Inspiring nature and folk epic of Scandinavia, the musician composed a number of songs on the texts of "Kalevalai", as well as melodiclamation for voice and orchestra and well-known choral hymn.Childhood and youth
The first page Biography of the Finnish composer Yana Sibelius was written in the autonomous part of the Russian Empire on December 8, 1865. It was then that in the city of Hämeenlinna, a boy appeared in the family of a doctor, who later became a musician. After the death of the Father, which happened in July 1868, the mother was forced to pay off the debts and move to the house of his parents.
During his studies in the preparatory and elementary school of Finland, Yang spent a lot of time in nature, and in the summer, together with his sister, Linda and Brother Christian walked along the coast of the bay and admired waves and tides. At 7 years of age, academic education was supplemented by piano lessons. The boy did not like to play on notes, preferring improvise.
Soon he refused to piano, took the violin and became a virtuoso performer who conquered the listeners of the Finnish capital, but refused such a brilliant career, finally and irrevocably deciding to compose.
Music
In 1889, Yang received the right to continue learning in Austria and Germany and met the work of modern composers, including Richard Strauss and Anton Bruckner. In their example, Sibelius began working on orchestral compositions and stage ballet. In early 1890s, she completed the score of the preface to the debut symphony "Cullery" and presented to the public "Overture Mi Major".
Yang received unanimous support of art connoisseurs who heard the first execution of the Saga's symphonic poem and a complete concert version of Overture and Suites Karelia, which immediately entered the repertoire of the metropolitan orchestras and were played over 20 times during the season.
In 1893, leaving the chamber instrumental writings, the author took the opera, based on the texts of "Kalevalai", but in the end did not realize the conceived, stopping at the parties of four choral legends. And in January 1898, when the Russian Empire tried to limit the powers of the Finnish Principality, Yang began to compose the first symphony and patriotic works for the orchestra, piano and male voices.
Thanks to the composition of the symphonic poem "Finland", which included the "Serenad of distant hills", and the works of the song about Lemminkineinen and the Athenian Song, Sibelius received the status of the National Hero, which was learned about other states. Embeding tour in the largest cities of Europe, Sibelius organized the premiere of the 2nd Symphony and achieved a reception, exceeded expectations, and articles with the "Absolute masterpiece" headlines.
Celebrating creative victories, Sibelius spent exorbitant sums on champagne, and then in one day tied with alcohol because of the nervous exhaustion and illness of his wife. Music written in a clear reason has become more academic and sounded unusual for fans of Finland and other early works.
Nevertheless, critics left positive reviews about the 3rd and 4th symphony, which sounded in London, Helsinki and Stockholm. In addition, at the music event in Norfolk, held in the fall of 1914, Sibelius presented to the listeners of the poem "Bard" and "Oceanids", and these works considered the most elegant samples of music, who decorated and diversified the classic festival.
In the subsequent creative period, which lasted until 1926, Yang wrote no less beautiful works, among whom popularity acquired etudes for piano, symphony and choral hymns. And then inspiration left the composer, and he destroyed most of the work created.
Personal life
In 1888, during his studies at the Music Institute in Helsinki, Sibelius was often in the house of Edward Armaas Yarefelt, where he met his younger sister named Aino. On June 10, 1892, with the consent of the father, the formerly famous Russian general, Jan married a sophisticated beauty and went to the honeymoon to the homeland "Kalevaly".
Then the young family was engaged in the improvement of personal life, and in 1903 the builders ended the construction of the Ainol House, located in a picturesque place on Lake Tusulu. There, after four girls, who called Eva, Ruth, Kirsty, and Katharina, Margarita appeared on the world, and in 1911 Heidi, the last and youngest daughter were born.
After moving, family happiness was overshadowed by drunkenness and rudders of the composer, but due to the surgery, he refused to eat alcohol, and the couple lived carefree 7 years. In the 1930s, when the children left Ainolu, Sibelius was moved to Helsinki, but at the beginning of the Second World War returned back and no longer left beautiful Karelian places.
Death
After the celebration of the 90-year-old anniversary, Sibelius was in a raised mood and walked a lot in the vicinity of the picturesque Karelian house. But on September 20, 1957, while listening to the 5th Symphony on the National Radio, the tragedy was happening, which led to sustainable death on the banal cause of hemorrhage into the brain.The state organized a composer solemn funeral on the territory of the family manor, and after 10 years, a monument was established in Helsinki, selected on a competitive basis from several hundred works. The sculptural composition made of acid-resistant metal has become an exceptional combination of visual and sound effects, emphasized the epic of music and the traditional Scandinavian approach.
Musical works
- 1892 - Symphony "Coollervo"
- 1893 - Overture "Karelia"
- 1893 - Suite "Karelia"
- 1899 - Symphonic Poem "Finland"
- 1899 - Symphony number 1 (minor)
- 1901 - Symphony number 2 (re major)
- 1906 - Symphony Fantasy "Muffins"
- 1907 - Symphony number 3 (to major)
- 1911 - Symphony number 4 (in Minor)
- 1913 - Symphonic poem "Bard"
- 1920 - Cantata "Hymn Earth" for choir and orchestra
- 1925 - Symphonic Poem Tapiol
- 1926 - "Hymn Vesho" ("Kalevala") for choir and orchestra