Biography
Ushakov, famous for their own business, the Russian story knows a lot. Each educated person will call at least three well-known carriers of this surname - the compiler of the intelligent dictionary of the Russian language, Flotovodz and Admiral and the Moscow icon painter. Saints written by Simon Fedorovich Ushakov, it is possible to admire in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, the Novodevichy Monastery, the metropolitan churches and cathedrals, as well as in the Tretyakov Gallery and the Russian Museum.Fate
In the personal biography of a talented painter and a great icon painter for years a lot of white spots. For example, the date of birth is not known for certain. Father Fedor and Mother Maria ordered a newborn son by Pimen, but subsequently the name was changed to Simon: still remain a mystery cause and circumstances of this decision.
At 22, the young man took the post of a banquer in a silver order with the Armory Chamber, here he stayed until the 1664th. The service in the obligations of Ushakov included: the painting of the banners, the creation of various patterns, ornaments and drawings for church and palace utensils from high-sample products and needlework, coins and jewelry for rifles, drawing up drawings and plans, restoration of temple painting.
Thanks to the works and high level of professionalism, Simon subsequently, Alexei Mikhailovich's gracious attitude deservedly enjoyed deserigually, advanced through the career staircase and on the outcome of the 1663rd was transferred to the weapon chamber for the "position" of the Izograph. Here he led the masters of the sovereign, organized the school of icon painters, it was planned to even create an "alphabet of art" and became expressing the modern language, the main expert in the field of visual art.
Thanks to the information preserved on the "Savior on the throne", it is now known a little about his personal life: Wen Simon Fedorovich was called Fevronia, and the son and daughter, who lived to mature years, - Peter and Evfimia, the rest of the children died in infancy (including Mikhail Born at the beginning of the 1670s).
The earthly path of the Great Iconporal graduated from the 25th day of 1686 and found the last refinement in the territory near the Znamensky male monastery, where he lived on the outcome of life and where his father and uncle was monitored. Death has come for natural reasons.
Iconography
Simon Ushakov was rightfully nicknamed by the reformer of iconography, because in the ways and technique of images of the faces of the saints he introduced a lot of innovative. First, he was therefore a master of artistic art, which placed on the icons of the verses - poetic texts. In lines, the glorification of the Lord and the hope of getting His mercy, and also met and mentioned the name of the customer.
Secondly, the artist, working on the images of Christ (they created about 12 options for the "Savior of the Unclean"), was guided by painshift and tried to convey the smallest detail of his face, repeating the anatomical features of the human face - precisely false eyes, eyelashes, a slightly filled eyes. For this, and especially for the imitation of Western painting, the author was repeatedly subjected to attacks and accuse of blasphemy from the Old Believers.
Thirdly, the beginning of the beginning of the background is of great importance, an interest in the transfer of space and lighting has awakened. Also, with the name of the Moscow Izograph, the change in the device of church gates and iconostasis is connected.
With all the attention to the works of Western European artists and in the work in the Fryazh style Simon, who worked on the fracture of the epoch, did not repel the traditional original Russian iconography.
Despite the fact that he often received orders for the creation of images for monasteries and temples, for example, the Church of St. Gregory Neokezarovsky, where the Lord's image of Christ of the Almighty and the Mother of God was kept by Kikkskaya, the master and for the "worldly" orders would be preserved.
From under the pen, and more precisely, Persons (portraits) of high-ranking persons, the "tree of the Russian sovereigns", as well as the "Tree of the Russian State" came out, and the "Tree of Russian State" - here the Virgin Vladimirskaya is embodied by the kings and princes from Rurikovich to Romanov.
The last famous work of the authorship of the Russian Rafael is considered the "Last Summer", located in the Assumption Cathedral of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. Year of writing - 1685th.
Work
- 1652, 1676 - "Virgin Vladimir"
- 1658 - "Christ - Great Bishops"
- 1658, 1676 - "Kazan Icon of Our Lady"
- 1660 - "Vladimir Icon of Our Lady with selected saints"
- 1661, 1670s, 1673, 1677, 1678 - "Savior Independent"
- 1663 - "Our Lady of Vladimirskaya" Enterprise "..."
- 1668, 1686 - "Christ Emmanuel"
- 1668, 1675 - "Virgin Kikkskaya"
- 1668 - "The Tree of the Russian State" ("praise Vladimir icon of the Mother of God", "Scoop of the Russian State of the Russian")
- 1670 - "Icon of Our Lady" Live Source "
- 1671 - "Library's Trinity"
- 1673 - "Annunciation"
- 1674 - "Saint Nicholas Wonderworker"
- 1677 - "Murom Icon of Our Lady"
- 1685 - "Last Supper"