Biography
UEFA Champions League Anthem, World-Russian, French and German, is familiar with each football admirer. But only units know that this is an arrangement of Antema "Sadok-priest" of the German composer Georg Friedrich Handel. In total, its half-century creative path has over 40 operas, more than 30 orals, hundreds of church chorals, concerts for the body and other tools.Childhood and youth
Georg Friedrich Handel was born on March 5 (February 23 for the Julian calendar) of 1685 in the German city of Galle. Then his father George Ghendel turned 63 years old, and 6 children from the first marriage were already injured in the family. The mother of the future composer was called Dorothea, she was a daughter of a priest. After the appearance of George Friedrich, a woman gave birth to three more children.
Early interest Georg Friedrich did not like the Father - he dreamed of a lawyer's career for his son. Like many in Western Europe, Georg thought that creativity was rather entertainment, not a profession, and artists, musicians, artists in society were not perceived seriously. Despite the protests and threats of the Father, at 4 years old Gendel mastered the art of the game on Clavesis. The tool stood in the attic where the boy was made his way at night until the parents slept.
When Handel turned 7 years old, the father under the influence of the Duke of Saxen-Weissenfelsky Johann Adolf I changed his attitude towards the activities of the Son. Hearing how little boy plays a body, the representative of the authorities called him a genius and advised Georgi not to prevent exercises.
In 1694, the Gendle teacher became German composer Friedrich Wilhelm Tsakhau. Thanks to him, the boy was perfectly mastered by Clavoesin, organ, violin and gobone, studied the rules of the composition and the BAS general.
This period of childhood determined the formation of Georg Friedrich Handel. For him, Tsakhau forever remained a guide star. In some works of the composer, the influence of the teacher, for example, in "Alliluie" from the Oratoria "Messiah" is clearly heard.
Already at 11, Handel was heard by a talented accompaniment. Music, generated by him, so struck the Kurfürst of the Brandenburg Friedrich I, that he invited the boy to serve him. True, at first Ghendel was supposed to complete education. Frederick I suggested Georgi to send a son to Italy, the center of the best universities. The old man refused, not wanting to let the Son go far from himself. Only after the death of the Father in 1697, Genendel could freely manage the talent.
In 1698-1700, Handel received an education in Native Galle, in 1702th began to study the right and theology at the University of Galle. The boy was brought up in a deeply religious family, but did not share the idea of the popular movement of pietism at the time. Higher education Handel did not receive, in 1703 moved to Hamburg to become a great musician.
Music
In the XVIII century, the Opera House was the only opera house in Germany in the XVIII century, so the city grossly became the music center of Western Europe. To get to the stage of the Theater Theater Handel helped acquaintance with Reinhard Kaiser, composer and leader of the local orchestra: he invited a 18-year-old musician to the Scribes and Clavesinsis.
In 1705, the world seen the debut opera Handel - "Almira" and "Neron". The young composer, like his teacher Kaiser, considered German inappropriate for such a romantic genre, so a significant part of the opera is executed in Italian. Both works were first delivered at the Hamburg National Theater with the support of Kaiser.
In the biography of Handel, there are often cases when representatives of the authorities sought to get him at personal disposal. So, in 1706, at the request of the family, Medici, the composer moved to Italy. In Florence, he stayed at Prince Ferdinando Medici, who was interested in music and even played on the key. Many Opera Handel in France sponsored from Pocket Ferdinando.
In the second half of the 1700s, Handel visited Venice and Rome. Since the execution of the opera was under the papal prohibition in Rome, the composer composed an oratorio, including the Time Triumph and Truth. Later in Florence, Handel put Opera Rodrigo (1707), and in Venice - Agrippina (1709), which is considered the best opera of the composer written in Italy.
In 1710, Genendel arrived in the UK - a country where the opera genre was only to be developed. Art historians say that at the beginning of the XVIII century, not a single composer remained in London, so the Queen Anna reacted to Handel first as a person who can enrich the creative heritage of Great Britain.
In London, Handel put Opera "Rinaldo" (1711), the "faithful shepherd" (1712), "Teze" (1713). Every time the public hands applauded the author, and he decided to thank the English courtyard for the hospitality "Utrecht Te Deum" - a work dedicated to the Utrecht peace treaty, which put an end to the War for the Spanish throne.
It was assumed that the "Utrecht TE DEUM" will perform at a solemn ceremony, but the interesting fact thoughtfully prevented: the British legislation prohibited foreigners to write anthems for large national events. Instead, Genende composed ODU in honor of the birthday of Queen Anna.
In 1716, the fashion of Hannover forced Handel to try out the genre of passions (works dedicated to the events of the passionate week). Passion "Passion of Brox" proved that the directions of music, alien to the talented composer, still exist. Handel is rehabilitated by the cycle of the Site "Music on Water". The work consists of 18 dance plates - this is Menuets, and Burre, and Rododon.
It is believed that "Music on the water" was written in 1715 for the composer truce with the King of Great Britain Georg I. In times, when George I was a Kurfürst Hannover, Handel served him, but not very zealously. However, according to the documents, it first sounded in 1717 over the waters of the Thames. Next to the boat King moved barge, where the orchestra from 50 musicians was located. Suites liked Georgi so that he ordered to repeat the essay twice.
Handel, accustomed to exceeding his colleagues, in 1720 first faced competition: Italian composer Giovanni Bononchini came to London. Then the German was headed by the Royal Academy of Music and developed the Genre of the Opera, as the Queen of Anna desired. "Astarta", written by Bononchini, eclipsed the success of the "Radamist" Handel, and in the life of the composer began a black band. The opera released subsequently with a crash fell, with the exception of Julia Caesar in 1724.
Handel understood that the opera-written operas were outdated, so I went to Italy for inspiration. Over time, the works of the composer have become more stringent, classic. Examples include Lotar (1729), "Parthenop" (1730), "Orlando" (1733), "Terraticor" (1734).
Despite the goats, which built the prince of Wales and Italian composer Nicola Rodora, Ghendel managed to reanimate the opera in the UK. Success successfully used "Terraticor", who became in French. Live music was decorated with ballet performed by French Diva Salle.
Personal life
Georg Friedrich Handel is the only composer of the Baroque era, who was given a monument during his lifetime, namely in 1738. Young french sculptor Louis Francois Rubiyak depicted a master in the form of an orphea playing on the lyre. However, the robe of the marble Handel "shouts" about the landing: on a man unzipped on caviar pants, home slippers, the turban slides from the head, the shirt is open on the chest.
Art historians believe that it is hardly a monument depicting Handel in such a negligent form, took an honorable place in London without the consent of the composer. The construction is also called one of the evidence of the selfishness of George Friedrich.
Contemporaries speak Ghendea as a talented, but unpleasant person. It can be seen on portraits that the composer suffered from obesity and dressed inaccurately. He was cruel with people, allowed himself cynical comments. While his contemporary Johann Sebastian Bach worked in the sweat of his face, Genende was acquainted with the people of the Higher Casta to "go through the heads."
In self-love of the composer, researchers see the basic cause of failures in their personal life. After all, Handel had no wife and children. In history, there is no information even about lovers or favorites.
Death
From the end of the 1740s, Handel began to bring eyesight, and in the 1752th composer decided to surpass. According to historical testimonies, John Taylor - the doctor was conducted, because of the unsuccessful actions of which Bach finally lost vision. Handel is also rapid blind. By 1753, he did not see anything, but continued to write music and conduct.On April 14, 1759, Georg Friedrich Handel died. He was 74 years old. The cause of death The musicologist of the newspaper The Times Houston David Hunter called "Pathological Region". The journalist claims that the diseases found by the composer shortly before death - gout, blindness, paralysis, could be the symptoms of lead poisoning, which was added to the wine so that it does not deteriorate.
Handel is buried in Westminster Abbey.
Musical works
- 1705 - "Almira" ("The informances of tsarist destiny, or Almira, Queen Castilskaya")
- 1705 - "Nero" ("Love, acquired by blood and evil")
- 1707 - Rodrigo
- 1709 - "Agrippina"
- 1711 - "Rinaldo"
- 1712 - "Faithful shepherd"
- 1720 - "Radamist"
- 1723 - "Flavius"
- 1724 - "Julius Caesar" ("Julius Caesar in Egypt")
- 1725 - "Rodelinda"
- 1733 - "Roland"
- 1735 - "Ariodant"
- 1738 - "Xerxes"
- 1741 - "Deidamia"