Biography
Zinaida Serebryakova is a Russian artist who worked in a portrait genre. It originated from an intelligent family. In the creative manner of Serebryakov, the tendency to the image of nature, people, but there are still livers. It belong to the movement of the "World of Art", the campaigning direction was avoided. Once in France in the early 1930s, Zinaida Serebryakov for a long time could not return home. She adopted French citizenship and again met with relatives only in 1966. Today, her works are exhibited in the most famous museums of the world.Childhood and youth
Zinaida Lancer was born on November 28 (December 10) of 1884. This surname belonged to her father. The family of girls lived in the estate hopeless under Kharkov. It is not surprising that her biography turned out to be associated with art. The father of the future artist worked as a sculptor, his mother was engaged in graphics, the grandfather was the famous architect Nikolai Benua, and most relatives devoted themselves to art.
Good upbringing and creative gifts were not considered in their environment with something unusual. Therefore, the desire for Zina to realize in the artistic direction was perceived as granted. She grew up with the brothers. Subsequently, the younger became an architect, and the senior is a painter.
Youth years of Zinaida proceeded in St. Petersburg, where the family moved after the death of his father. The fate of the girl was engaged in uncle Alexander Benoit. Serebryakova graduated from the women's gymnasium in 1900 and became a student of an art school. The basics of visual arts, she suffered under the leadership of Ilya Repin, as well as in the workshop, which was led by Osip Braz. In 1902-1903, Zina visited it in Italy, which inspired it very much.
Painting
Debut works showed the individual style of the artist and its author's handwriting. Studying the world cultural heritage, Serebryakova was interested in plastic forms, the inclination of the authors to national expression. It was fascinated by nature, harmony and traditional Russian life. Among the favorites Zinaida were Nikola Poussin, Peter Rubens, Alexey Venetsian.
Often watching in non-pie rural girls at work, Serebryakov portrayed them in the plots of their paintings. Being on the lap of nature, she admired scenery, measured the life of the estate, plastic peasant movements at work. Watching the harvest or other labor of the local, the artist was inspired by new works.
Among the early paintings of Zinaida Serebryakova - "Peasant Girl", written in 1906, "Fruit Garden in Color" of 1908. The author accurately felt that her theme in painting was a combination of the beauty of the native nature in close intricant with the fate of people.
A picture brought by Zinaida Fame was a self-portrait called "for the toilet" created by her in 1909. It was exhibited on the venice of the Union of Russian artists in the 1910th. Then the audience saw the work of the "swimsters", portraits of relatives who wrote an artist. Creativity Serebryakov received recognition in 1914-1917, after the presentation of a series of paintings about the Russian province and life of peasants. Among the famous works of this period - "peasants", "harvest" and "Sleeping peasant".
In 1917, the audience saw the work called "the canvas whitening", in which the monumental manner of the author became apparent. Zinaida portrayed powerful figures of girls against the background of the sky. The composition combines the wide planes of bright, saturated shades. The work that plays the work of ordinary people, glorified Serebryakov.
The themes chosen by the author for work dramatically allocated it among the "World of Art" community, which was owned by Serebryakov. In 1916, she became an assistant to Uncle Alexander Benua with the painting of the Kazan station and worked at the company Evgeny Lancer, Boris Kustodiev, Mstislav Dobuzhinsky.
Among those who were interested in Zinaida, the eastern countries were the special mentality of which she passed through women's portraits. Describing Japan, Turkey, India, she also worked on the plots associated with antiquity. True, most paintings for the last topic remained unfinished. The feminine began great importance in the work of Serebryakova. Coquetry, the joy of maternity, light sadness, described by her brush, had a special mood.
The fate of the art was difficult. After a fire that happened in Neskuchny, the family nest turned out to be destroyed as her workshop. Two years later, she remained widow after the death of a spouse from typhus. The family lived in acute need, and the picture "Cardhouse", created during this period, personified the preciousness of its position.
The daughter of Serebryakova entered the ballet troupe, and since then in the works of the woman there was a theater theme. The artist wrote a ballerin on rehearsals and before going to the stage, but did not receive satisfaction from his work. Since 1920, she taught at the Academy of Arts. Zinaida avoided the campaign manner, penetrated into art at this time, remaining the right one's own theme and traditions of Miriskusnikov.
In 1924, a charitable exhibition was held in the United States, which brought the artist success and income. She received an order for a decorative painting in Paris. After completing the work, it was going to return to the homeland, but because of political perturbations had to stay in France. Then followed the Second World War. Life abroad was for Zinaida Joyless, longing for the homeland is reflected in its works created after 1924. She had to abandon citizenship to avoid persecution abroad.
Realism and folk theme still attended her paintings. Traveling, Serebryakova attended Brittany, Algeria and even visited Morocco. Images of ordinary people were constantly present in the paintings. Skinning nature and man, the artist is indispensably sad about his homeland and interrupted communication with loved ones.
In 1966, the exhibitions of paintings Zinaida Serebryakova were held in Leningrad, Moscow and Kiev who received excellent reviews from art historians and the public. The opening day organized her children and friends. Many paintings by the author were acquired by museums, and her name became famous in the Soviet Union.
Personal life
The husband of the artist was the man of Boris Serebryaki near her since childhood. Coming by Zinaida with a cousin, he still fell in love with a relative, and conversations about the wedding came at the time of a joint stay in Neskuchny. The church was not encouraged nearby marriage, therefore, the consent of the marriage of young people did not receive a long time. In 1905, giving a local father 300 rubles, the natives organized a wedding in love.
Boris was not interested in art. He became a railway engineer and during the Russian-Japanese war was in Manchuria in practice. Zinaida dreaming painting. The difference in the interests did not interfere with it to dream of a joint future. The personal life of young people was happy. They spent a year in Paris until Zinaida studied at the De La Grand Schomyer Academy, and Boris - in the Higher School of Bridges and Roads. Returning home, each of them continued to develop in the profession, and four more children appeared in the family: 2 sons and 2 daughters.
During the emigration of Zinaida, the son of Eugene and the daughter of Tatiana remained with her grandmother. They lived in tightness, and in 1933 the mother of Zinaida died from hunger and bad living conditions. Eugene became an architect, and Tatiana began working as an artist in the theater. Dreaming again to meet with her mother, they called her homeland in the 1930s, when the USSR government invited the artist to return home. But Zinaida then worked in Belgium and could not leave an order unfinished.
Death
Zinaida Serebryakov died in Paris when she was 82 years old. The causes of death were quite natural. Despite the fact that the artist lived abroad for many years, in his homeland, her name remembers and keep memories of the work of one of the first picturesque women. Museums periodically organize exhibitions of her works, in books on art published photo of the author. The daughter of Serebryakova, Catherine, after the death of the mother created the charity foundation of her name.Paintings
- 1909 - "For the toilet. Self-portrait "
- 1913 - "Banya"
- 1914 - "For breakfast" ("for lunch")
- 1915 - "Harvest"
- 1916 - "India"
- 1924 - "Ballet Restroom"
- 1932 - "Moroccan in a pink dress"
- 1934 - "Woman in Blue"
- 1940 - "Nude with a book"
- 1948 - "Still Life with Apples and Round Bread"