I-Biograge
UNikolai Afanasyevich Kryuchkov - Umlingisi we-Soviet Theatre ne-cinema, umculi wabantu we-USSR, onqobayo womklomelo weStalinist. Inkazimulo ye-All-Union etholwe ngemuva kokuthola amafilimu "ama-trectcorist", "eLwandle oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka", "iPinKwork kanye noMalusi".Ubuntwana nentsha
Izingwegwe ze-Actor Nicholas, lapho kuqhutshwa khona inkathi yonke yeSoviet Cinema, yazalwa eMoscow ngoDisemba 24, 1910 ngesitayela esidala. Umndeni lapho umfana wakhuliswa khona kwakunguye ojwayelekile - uYise wawusebenzela kakhulu umthwalo "okhangayo oneminyaka emithathu", futhi umama, owayehlanganyela emndenini, esebenza njengethangi e Ebhizinisi elifanayo. Njengoba sisindile ekuguqukeni naseMpini Yezwe Yokuqala, uYise, impilo yakhe yahlehliselwa, yaphuma ekuseni.
Kungashiwo ukuthi umlingisi akazange abe nobuntwana - kwadingeka asebenze kakhulu futhi afunde. Kusukela eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye ubudala, umfana waphoqeleka ukuthi asebenze efektri efanayo njengabazali. Eminyakeni eyishumi nane, uNikolai waya kwa-FMU ukuthola lo msebenzi we-Engraver-Kakshchik. Eminyakeni yokufunda, lo mfo wamangaza iqembu labasebenzi nge-Amateur yakhe yobuciko: Wadlala eBayan, wahlabelela izingoma ezihlekisayo, waze washaya inhloko.
I-engraver enethalente - i-kimpled ethambisa abaphathi ukuthi i-hook encane yasiza ekufinyeleleni esikoleni - i-studio yokusebenza kweshashalazi yentsha yabasebenzi ngo-1928. Okwesikhashana, umfana kwadingeka ahlanganise lo mdlalo esiteji seshashalazi enomsebenzi wokwenza umndeni, kodwa nangase kwacaca ukuthi le nsizwa ngeke isebenze ngalo msebenzi.
Amafilimu
Ngo-1930, ukuphindisela kwenkundla yaseshashalazini yaseMoscow yabantu abasha bavakashela umqondisi uBoris Barnet. Kubo bonke abadlali, wabeka i-koochkov kuphela futhi ngokushesha wammema ukuthi adubule umdwebo "ngaphandle". Lesi sithombe samukelwa ngemfudumalo ngumbukeli futhi sadlulisela eSoviet Cinema yomculi oqalayo. Ngemuva konyaka, uNikolai Kryukovkov ufake inkanyezi eyodwa yomqondisi ofanayo obizwa ngokuthi "ngasolwandle oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka". Umatilosi ojabule kakhulu u-Alyosha wawathanda kubabukeli abaningi, abalandeli abasanda kuphila babenentshisekelo kwi-biography yokudala yomlingisi.
Kusukela ngalowo mzuzu kuqhubeke, izingwegwe zaqala ukugeleza imisho eminingana ngokuthwebula. Eminyakeni elandelayo, izindima ezikumafilimu "zibuya maxim", "for Soviet Motherland", "Taiga Golide", "vyborg ohlangothini", "emngceleni", "umuntu onesibhamu".
Enye impumelelo enkulu yafika eNikolay KrKkov ngo-1939, ngemuva kokukhululwa kwefilimu yomculo ngokubamba iqhaza kwakhe "Traktorist". I-Ivan Pyriyev's tape yathandwa kangaka isibukeli esisebenzisa izindima eziphambili uMarina Ladynina, uNikolai Krreev, uPeter Aleikov waba amaqhawe abantu.
Ngo-1939, ilungu leDrama likaHulumeni laqedwa lapho abageza abaphambili bakwa-Alexander (vera Marets) bakwazile ukuba yiphini labantu epulazini elihlanganyelwe. UNikolai wagcwalisa iqhaza lomthengisi nikita, umfowabo womyeni womlingani womlingani wepulazi elihlanganyelwe efim (vasily vanin).
Ngawo lowo nyaka, umlingisi ubeke inkanyezi ezindimeni ze-episodic emgqonyeni wedrama "amahlazo" kanye namahlaya "stanitsa kude". Ngemuva konyaka, izingwegwe zavela kwifilimu ethi "Yakov Sverdlov" nefilimu "Mfowethu Hero". Ifilimu lesibili lanikezelwa ezenzakalweni zempi yaseFinland, uNikolai Reancarnated eRedarmese Boykova, enze lo msebenzi ngemuva kwesitha. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwezobunhloli, amasosha athola ukulimala okubulalayo.
Lapho nje impi iqala, izingwegwe zaqala ukushesha zaya phambili, kodwa isitatimende sakhe senqabile ukuvakasha, ukukhuthaza ukwenqaba iqiniso lokuthi, ususa e-cinema, wayezozala inzuzo encane. Isikhathi sokudala uKryuchkov nje savele sahlangana eminyakeni eminingi yempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe. Naphezu kwesikhathi esinzima, uNikolai waqhubeka nokuhlungwa.
Maphakathi nawo-40s, imidwebo yezempi "Kotovsky", "Guy kusuka edolobheni lethu", "egameni lendlu", "ngaphambili" kwaphuma nokubamba iqhaza kweKrriakhiv. Imisebenzi edume kakhulu yomdlali waba yifilimu yomculo ethi "Pinagka kanye noMalusi", lapho uMarina Ladynina noVladimir Zeldin benza izindima eziyinhloko, kanye nesikhumba samahlaya amahlaya "nge-Alla Parfanyak.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwempi, izikrini zaphuma ngefilimu yokuthanda izwe "nge-Russia", eyakhelwe kumatilosi e-Rybakov, umhlanganyeli we-Okthoba Revolution. Iqhaza eliphambili laya eNikolay Kryukkov. Ngo-1948, umlingisi ubeke inkanyezi kwifilimu "emihlanganweni emithathu", lapho sasikhuluma khona eminyakeni yokuqala yokuthula ngemuva kwempi.
Eminyakeni engama-40s ngasekupheleni kwawokufika, umsebenzi womculi emaqenjini ama-Dramas "Star" kanye "nempi yaseStalingrad" yalandelwa. Ngo-1949, izingwegwe zangena emculweni wezomculo wezomculo osebenza kahle "ngendiza ejabulisayo" noMikhail Zharov noLokholo lwe-Orlova. Le filimu yatshelwa ngempilo yokungakhathali kanye nothando lokuqala lomshayeli omncane.
Esikhathini sangemva kwempi, imidwebo noNikolai Kruchkov yaqhubeka nokuthandwa kwayo. Phakathi kwazo kukhona "Maksimka", "Sadoko", "Rumyantve", "isihluku.
Ngo-1956, amaflifini womculi agcwaliswa enye ifilimu lezempi elithi "Garniszon angafi" mayelana nabavikeli be-Brestress. Ifilimu ithole idiploma ehlonishwayo yomkhosi wamafilimu wamazwe omhlaba eVenice. Ngawo lowo nyaka, izingwegwe zakhanyisa ifilimu gregory chukhray "amashumi amane nanye", lapho kudlalwa khona abalingiswa abaphambili ngu-isoldel alpuskaya no-Oleg Strizhenov. Isakhiwo sasungulwa kwimicimbi yangempela eyenzeka ngesikhathi sempi yombango.
Ngo-1958, ukuqopha ifilimu mayelana ne-blockade City "Leningrad Symphony", lapho uNikolay Kryuchkov egcwalisa khona indima enkulu. Ukuphela kwama-50s kumakwe eKryuchkova elinye indima eholayo esithombeni esidumile se- "ballad yesosha", lapho uVladimir Ivashoren nawo edlalwa, uJeanne Prokhorenko, uJevegery Urban.
Uma, ngawo-1950s, uNikolai Kryuchkov wafuzwa ikakhulukazi kumafilimu aphathelene namagugu omlando wezwe, khona-ke ngawo-1960 waqala ukuvela kaningi kumahlaya. Ngaleso sikhathi, umlingisi uvele othempelini lohlobo lwamahlaya "umshado be-balzamimov", "Big Filil", "nikeza incwadi ebonakalayo."
Kumahlaya womculo we-Eldar Ryazanov "Gusarskaya Ballad", umdwebi odumile wavele phambi kwezilaleli njengenceku esekhulile. Abaculi bezindima eziphambili - Larisa Golubanka, Yuri Yakovlev, Igor Ilinsky - Ngemuva kwesivuno, amafilimu ezikrinini avuke. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuqasha, izibukeli ezingama-48 zezigidi zazibukeka zinamahlaya.
Emotweni yedrama tumanova "kimi, mukhtar!", Lapho benziwa khona indima eyinhloko nguYuri Nikulin, uNikolay Kryuchkov ukuphindaphinda eMishi General. Ekuguqukeni komsebenzi we-F. DonOevsky "Dyalushkin Son Son" umlingani wazama ngomfanekiso weMoskalev, umlingani wentokazi yokuqala yedolobha laseMariya Alexandrovna (uLidia Smirnov).
UNikolay Kruchkov oboshwe ngamafilimu "waphila - kwakukhona ikhehla elinesalukazi", "uDkt Vera", "wasebenza ama-comrade amabili." Emisebenzini yama-70s, imisebenzi ephumelele kakhulu ye- "Telegraph", "ikheli lekhaya lakho", "Izakhamizi", "velvet inkathi", "umngani wami malun vanya", "ekwindla marathon".
Ngokufika kwama-80s nikolai afanasyevich kwakukuncane kakhulu okungenzeka. Phakathi kwamafilimu aleso sikhathi, "Injabulo yeGypsy", "Ngiyakholelwa othandweni", "Masikhumbule, sikhumbule!", Stalingrad.
Okokugcina umlingisi asebenze emibhalweni "Tsar Ivan Grozny" kanye "nezingelosi zokufa", ezaphuma ngo-1991 nango-1993.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Kwakunjalo izingwegwe zaseNikolay zashada amahlandla amane. Imishado yokuqala emibili yayinabadlali abalingisi uMaria Shepherd no-Alla Parfignac. Kulezi zinyunyana, umlingisi ubonakale ezinganeni ezimbili - amadodana kaBoris noNikolai.
Okwesithathu, umkakhe waba ngumsubathi uZoyaannskaya, owafa kabuhlungu ngaphansi kwamasondo emoto. Ingozi yenzeke phambi komyeni wakhe. Lesi sehlakalo sabangela ukudangala okuqinile nezinye izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo nge-kryuchkov.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi, impilo yomuntu siqu yomlingisi ithuthukile - uNikolai Afanasyevich oshade futhi. Okhethiweyo wakhe wawungumsizi womqondisi wakhe, owawumncane kakhulu kunomlingani wakhe. Umehluko weminyaka awuzange uvikele ukudala inyunyana eqinile nejabulisayo. ULydia Nikolaevna wayenendodakazi ka-Elvira, okwathi ngemuva kokuphela komshado wamukelwa.
Abantu bomdabu bomculi ngemuva kokushona kwakhe baba amaqhawe okudlulisela "okuqondile ether" noRrei Malakhov ngenxa yengxabano. Entwasahlobo ka-2021, umzukulu womlingisi wakubhekisa ukudluliswa, uthe: Umama wakhe u-Elvira uthumele uLidia Nikolaevna emtholampilo wezengqondo. UCatherine wazwakalisa ukuqiniseka ukuthi bakwenza nogogo wakhe ngenxa yefulethi.
Indodakazi yokutholwa kaNikolai Afanasyevich nayo yavela embukisweni wenkulumo, iqinisekisa izethameli kanye nochwepheshe ekuziphatheni okunganele kwawo komfelokazi kaKryuchkov, umama wakhe. Izihlobo eziseduze zalo mndeni zisolwa ngo-Elvira ukuthi 'wondliwa' ngamathebulethi uLidia Nikolaevna ukuxazulula ngokushesha le nkinga ngefulethi.
Ukushona
Eminyakeni yokwakhiwa kabusha, i-cinema yaseSoviet yango-1930 ukuya ku-1950 yayala uStalinsky, futhi abadlali abathandwayo ngaleso sikhathi baqala ukumangalela umbuso wamaKhomanisi kumaKhomanisi. Lokhu kuphelile akuphanginga futhi noKryuchkov: Iziphathimandla azizange zikhonze ngokukhethekile umdwebi wabantu, owadala wawela ubumpofu.
Ekupheleni kokuphila, uNikolai Kryuchkov wayehlala edolobhaneni lase-Iksha kanye nomkakhe. Wacishe angakwazi ukukhuluma, kwavela isimila ekubhemeni emphinjeni wakhe futhi sabangela ukufa kwendoda. ULydia Kryuchkova, ukhumbula izinsuku zokugcina zomyeni wakhe, wathi bahlekisa kakhulu bahlabelela.
UNikolai Afanasyevich walala esibhedlela, futhi umkakhe wamvakashela nsuku zonke. Ngaphambi nje kokuba afe, umculi waqala ukulala phakathi kosuku cishe isigamu sehora. ULydia Nikolaevna wangezelela umyeni wakhe, futhi wamcela ukuba angacabangi, ngoba uya kwenye impilo. Lapho umlingisi evuka, lowo oshade naye wambuza: "Hhayi-ke, kwenzeka kanjani, kwenye impilo?". Waphendula: "Akakamuzwanga. Wathi - kusenesikhathi. "
UNikolay Kryuchkov ushone ngo-Ephreli 13, 1994. Esitsheni esimnandi esinezithombe esikhundleni sesithombe sifake impumulo ebabazekayo ngesithombe somculi.
Izics
- Ngo-1935 - "ELwandle Olugcwele Kakhulu"
- 1939 - "Dlulisa"
- Ngo-1941 - "I-Pinkwork noMelusi"
- 1945 - "Isikhumba sasezulwini"
- 1949 - "Indiza Ejabulisayo"
- 1953 - Sadoko
- 1955 - "I-Business Rumyantve"
- 1959 - "Sombi Solting Ballad"
- Ngo-1962 - "I-Hussar Ballad"
- Ngo-1964 - "Umshado Ballisamica"
- Ngo-1968 - "Wakhonza ama-comrade amabili"
- 1979 - "Autumn Marathon"
- 1987 - "Umhlangano wokuqala, umhlangano wokugcina"
- 1989 - "Stalingrad"
- Ngo-1991 - "I-Tsar Ivan Grozny"
- 1993 - "Izingelosi Zokufa"