Umlando Wemilingiswa
Ngo-Agasti 1973, imigwaqo yamadolobha aseRussia kanye namadolobhana yayidedelwa - abantu babamba izindawo phambi kwe-TV. Idrama yezempi "izikhathi eziyishumi nesikhombisa zasentwasahlobo" zavula abantu baseSoviet bezimfihlo zobuchwepheshe. Iqhawe eliyinhloko lochungechunge lwethelevishini lwemivimbo elunqobile ukuphakama, ingqondo nokuzola okungenakuqhathaniswa. Sibonga ngokunembile ukupenda kukaTatiana Lioznova sihlangane nomhlali ongenasibindi, futhi kuphela ngemuva kwalokho baphuthuma ukuyofunda umthombo wokuqala - amanoveli omlobi uJulian Semenov.Umlando wendalo
I-Infminfible Scout vsevolod vladimirov (UnguMaxim IEV, wayeyisikhathi esizayo uMax Otto von Stirtalitz) wangena enkundleni yemibhalo ngo-1966 - UJulian Semenov wanyathelisa incwadi yokuqala emjikelezweni ophathelene nomjikelezo womsebenzi we-ejenti waseSoviet. Esikhathini esizayo, umbhali uzonikeza enye ivolumu engu-13 kumfundi.
Ingabe kwakukhona isivuno seqiniso? Le ndaba ayikhathele ukubuza abalandeli be-Russian James Bond. UMdali womlingiswa waphikisana nokuthi isithombe sasihlangene, kodwa singaphika ukuthi ama-biografikhi athile abantu abathile abasebenzele ukuze bawakhele.
Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi izisekelo zikaMax Otto St. Stratist kufanele zibekwe yiChekist, iphoyisa laseSoviet likaJacob Blumikin, owayesebenza ngaphansi kwama-pseedomnyms ka-Isev noma max, ofaka igama negama lencwadi kaMaxim Maximovich IEV. Futhi, okokuqala ekulandeleni kwezikhathi zencwadi yencwadi ethi Themenov "Diamets for the oshokhomashiqela of the proletariat" kwaba njalo lapho uBlumkin ngaphansi kwe-Russian Hochran Abasebenzi abasebenza naphesheya kwezilwandle.
Cishe, kwakhiwa isimilo seqhawe kusuka kwimininingwane kaWillie Lehmann, hauptsturmfürera ss, isisebenzi samaphoyisa e-Soviet Kungani umJalimane eshintshele esigabeni "sabahambi" bezwe namdabu, nakanjani akwaziwa. Kepha isiphetho esithe xaxa - inhloli yakhe, esiqale umbuso ngezimali ezivela kuMgcinimafa wezwe, zivezwe zadutshulwa.
Umfowethu wePoet Sergey Mikhalkov - uMikhail ubalwa ngokumelene namaPrototypes oMlingiswa Oqanjiwe. Le ndoda yathunjwa ibheke emaJalimane, kepha kwavela. Yaphenduka i-ejenti "yangaphandle" yangaphandle, ehlanganisa amabutho abomvu imininingwane ebalulekile. Kodwa-ke, ekugcineni kwempi, umphikisi waseSoviet wamangalela uMikhalkov ngokwethembeka e-Espionage ethandela amaJalimane futhi alolwa ejele elineminyaka emihlanu.
Futhi ekugcineni, izakhi ze-biography for stirlitz, umlobi uboleke eScout kaNorman Borodin, axosha naye ubungani.
Emibuthanweni inesifiso somsebenzi weSemenov, ivela nokucabanga komlingiswa wamakhasimende wezincwadi. Kepha umlobi uMikhail Lhubimov uyaqiniseka ukuthi lokhu kungukuqagela nje. Yize kungaphiki ukuthi uJulian Semenov wadlulisela ezinqolobaneni ze-KGB - kungokoqobo kakhulu futhi kuthembekile ngokomlando. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquka kweziza kwakuvame ukuvela kungazelelwe ngaphansi kwe-Vulture "eyimfihlo ephezulu."
I-Biograge
I-Scout Biography No. 1 njengoba imibukiso yesundu ezincwadini zikaJulian Semenov. Vsevolod vladimirov - Indodana Yokudingiselwa Kwezepolitiki, Yasungulwa eTransbaikalia (ubaba, uthisha weSt Petersburg University, ngenxa yezimiso ze-ST. Petersburg University, ngenxa yezimiso zezinhloso ezilahlekile endaweni yezemfundo). Umfana wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 9, 1900. Ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu, impilo kamama yawa impahla. Ubaba ongumfelokazi, obamba indodana yakhe, waya ekuthuthelweni eJalimane. Lapha kuvela ngolwazi oluhle kakhulu lwaseJalimane.
Ngo-1917, abafuduki babuyela eRussia evuselelwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, ebudlelwaneni be-Vsevolod nobaba obuvuthiwe, ukuqhekeka kwachazwa - le nsizwa yajabula ngezinguquko ezinkundleni zezepolitiki zomama nomugqa oqondile zaya ezinhlakeni ze-CC. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, i-vladimirov encane ngaphansi kwegama lika-IEV yangeniswa onogada abamhlophe, abangena ngaphansi kwefulegi laseKolchak, futhi kamuva banikeza imali encane yokuthola imininingwane ekomkhulu lendlu ekomkhulu.
EMoscow, i-vsevolod yasiza ubuholi bomnyango wakwamanye amazwe akwa-HCC, lapho isithole umsebenzi obalulekile - ukuthola izimo zokweba amadayimane avela eHochran. Injongo elandelayo kwakuwuhambo oluya eVladivostok, futhi emigqeni yaseKolchak. Ngokubambisana nonogada abamhlophe, i-Scout yakhishwa eJapan, futhi ukusuka lapho iye eChina. Ngokuvamile, leli qhawe lafakwa ekukhanyeni, kude nezwekazi lendabuko umuntu wayephila ngekhulu lesithathu.
Ngo-1927, izinsizakalo ezikhethekile zeSoviet zakha inganekwane ye-Aristocrat yaseJalimane yeMax Otto, ingemuva le-Stirlitz, liphangwe eChina, elifuna ukusekelwa nokuvikelwa kummeli waseJalimane wase-Australia. Eminyakeni eyisithupha kamuva, leli qhawe laliseJalimane, lapho ajoyina khona amazinga eqembu lamaNazi. "Impilo ephindwe kabili" yaqala: Wasebenzela ubuhlakani baseJalimane, futhi ngokufana wathola imininingwane ebalulekile kuhulumeni waseSoviet. Ekupheleni kwempi, wathunyelwa esigabeni esiphakeme se-Standardfürera.
Umsebenzi odumile kakhulu weStirvutz owatholwa nguJoseph Stalin ngo-1945 - kusuka ekuhlolweni kwakudingeka ukuphazamisa izingxoxo zeziqongo zikaHulumeni waseJalimane mayelana neNtshonalanga, inhlangano eyadlalwa yiRechsführer SS UHenry Himmler. Ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu komsebenzi weStirvutz uthole isihloko seqhawe seSoviet Union. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, umhlali walinda ukuvezwa - inhloko yamaphoyisa ayimfihlo uReinrich Muller ukuqagela ukuthi kwakukhona "i-Seredan Cossack" ezinhlwini zamaNazi. Kodwa-ke, leli qhawe lalingaphuthumi ukususa iqhawe emanzini ahlanzekile.
Ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwesiphepho se-berlin yesikhulu esidumile sezobunhloli, amasosha aseSoviet alimale ekuqaleni eSpain, bese eSouth America, lapho uStarlitz ahlasela khona amaNazi alandelayo aholwa yiMuller. Imininingwane mayelana neqembu lobugebengu nobuntu be-Scout yafinyelela eNxusa laseSoviet. UVsevolod Vladimirov wagcina wazithola eseseMoscow, nokho, ngesimo sesiboshwa - kusukela ejele lesifulo esikhishwe kuphela ngemuva kokushona kukaBeria kuphela.
Umlingiswa osekhulile wencwadi yeSemenov ancike kwisayensi, abhale i-dissertation enesihloko esithi "National Socialism, NeoFashism; Ukuguqulwa kobumbano. " Kepha kulokhu kufika kwavela kwaso i-scout akuphelanga: Ngo-1967, uVladimirov waphinde wazithola eBerlin, lapho akwazi khona ukumisa ukweba ubuchwepheshe benyukliya.
Impilo yomuntu siqu yeqhawe ayizange isebenze. Eshiya izwe lakubo eminyakeni yama-20s, uVsevolod wavalelisa ngowesifazane wakhe amthandayo u-Alexander Gavrila, okwathi kamuva kwabeletha ingane. Umenzeli akazange aqagele nendodana yakhe, amahemuhemu afika kuye kuphela ngo-1941, kwathi eminyakeni emithathu uVladimirov wahlangana ngengozi nendlalifa eKrakow. Indodana u-Alexander ngaphansi kwegama eliqanjiwe lasebenza njenge-scout embuthweni obomvu.
Umndeni awukaze uhlangane futhi - umkaSulutlitz, kanye nendodana yakhe, wadutshulwa ngokuhleleka kukaStalin.
-Vikayo
Ukufika kweSoviet Scout, kuchazwe ezincwadini zikaJulian Semenov, kwakha isisekelo samafilimu amaningana. Isithombe sokuqala, esikhishwe nguBoris Grigoriev kwinoveli yenoveli ethi "Iphasiwedi ayidingeki", yaboniswa kuma-cinema e-USSR ngo-1967. Umlingiswa weChekist osemusha uVsevolod Vladimirov udlulise umlingisi uRodion Nakapetov.
Kamuva, uVladimir Ivashov, i-vsevolod safonov kanye ne-uldis dumpis (ngo-1980, ifilimu kwinguqulo yaseSpain "yaletha umqondisi weSilatidi u-Eric Latsis ngo-1980). USergey Ursulak wabelana ngokubheka kwesimanje emlandweni weminyaka ehlala isikhathi eside, ebeka uchungechunge lwe-TV "I-IEV" ngo-2009. Iqhaza lesikhulu sezobuchwepheshe saseSoviet selithumele uDaniel Strahov.
Futhi nokho isivuno esidume kunazo zonke eRussia nakwamanye amazwe siyi-vyacheslav tikhhonov. Umqondisi uTatiana Lozinova, onikeze izwe "izikhathi eziyi-17 zentwasahlobo", wakwazi ukukhombisa ukusondelana kakhulu nobuhlakani beSoviet. Owesifazane wabuthelwa eqoqweni lezinkanyezi zaseRussia cinema, wenza isithombe salowo mholi enanini labalingisi abagqoke isihloko esithi "Umculi wabantu we-USSR".
Ngokubambisana neTikhonov, i-Leonid Armorered (Mnu Henry Müller) iyakhanya esikrinini, i-Yuri Vizbor (i-ReichSupenfühührer Mop Ernst kaltovbsky (Obergruupenfühürrer , ULeonid Kuravlev (ObsternManfürer Ss Kurt Aisman).
Kepha umsebenzi wefilimu yobuciko engu-12 waqala futhi kube lula, futhi ngenxa nje yokukhethwa komlingisi endimeni eyinhloko. I-Stirtitlitz ingahle ibe yi-incoknyny smoktunovsky, u-Oleg Strizhenov, uYuri Solomon, kanye ne-Archil Gomiashvili, "uMqondisi waqala wahlola okokuqala kwalabo abazongenela ukhetho. Kodwa-ke, amadoda ayezibandakanya neminye imikhiqizo.
Emkhakheni wokubuka kombhali wochungechunge lwe-TV, ekugcineni, iTikhhonov. Ngenxa yedatha yakhe yangaphandle kanye nokwenza okuhle, iStarlitz ayiphenduki nje yinhle kuphela, kodwa eqondayo, ebucayi futhi ehlakaniphile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-vyacheslav vasilyevich kufanele ibonge ukuthi isiqephu esithinta inhliziyo somhlangano wabahlali baseSoviet nomkakhe eCafe "e-Elefant" bavele esithombeni, embhalweni wakhe ophucwa.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Imivimbo kanye nomqinisekisi kanye nesiqiniseko rzhevsky ne-chapaev yazinza ngokuqinile ngobuhlakani be-Folk. Izakhamizi zaseSoviet zaqamba amahlaya amaningi, lapho kuvela khona iphoyisa lobuchwepheshe, hhayi wonke umlando ohlekisayo - ngaphakathi kohlaka lokuhlonishwa. Emhlabeni kukhona amahlaya amafushane ngethonsi leqhawe elivela endlini ephakeme, ngokwesibonelo: "I-Stirvutz yawa kusuka kuvulandi yephansi le-13 yanamathela ngokuyisimangaliso ekhasini lesi-9. Ngakusasa isimangaliso savuvukala. "
- Kwimibuzo ehlukahlukene, umbuzo wokuthi ngabe imivimbo ikhipha imiyalezo evela enkabeni ngosizo lwencwadi ngezikhathi eziyishumi nesikhombisa zentwasahlobo. Kuphela kuphela ababukeli besithombe abakwazi ukumphendula: umlingisi we-tikhhonov uthatha i-tomik Friedrich Schiller 1883 yokushicilelwa eshalofini.
- UTatyana Lioznova wanikeza isithombe iminyaka eminingana yokuphila, futhi izisulu zazingeze. Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwefilimu, izilaleli zaphenduka umqondisi ngezincwadi - kwesinye sezingxoxo azitshela ukuthi uthole izikhwama eziyi-12 zemiyalezo futhi afunde konke ngokweqiniso.
- Inqubo yokudubula kufanele ngabe yaqala kumasayithi we-GDR. U-Lioznova wayezolandela indawo yokuhlala kukaStirlitz eBerlin, kanye nesiqephu lapho i-Scout yabulala uClaus. Ngenxa yalokhu, lo mzuzu kwakudingeka ukuthi ahlungwe ehlathini lesifunda saseMoscow, ngoba uLev Durov akazange akhishwe ku-GDR ukuze aphumelele amahlaya. EKhomishini, eyenza isinqumo sokukhipha izimvume zokusuka e-USSR, umlingisi ubuze ngokubonakala kwefulegi leSoviet Union. U-Lev Konstantinovich ngaphandle kokucabanga kwangemuva kokucabanga:
Amacaphuna
Imishwana ekhanyayo evela kwifilimu "izikhathi eziyi-17 zentwasahlobo" Izilaleli ngemuva kombukiso wochungechunge zabhalwa ezincwadini zokubhalwe bese zincintisana nolwazi ngokwazi ukukhuluma kuleli cala.
"Futhi ngizokucela ukuthi uhlale." "I-Preppe ye-Propagwanda ejwayelekile. Awukwazi ukuqhubeka. "" I-Stirselitz iqhubeka nomgwaqo. "" Musani ukudelela, kepha sonke singaphansi kwe-cap kusuka kuMuller. "" Isintu sithanda izimfihlo zabanye abantu. "" IGabi, njengomlingani weChess awunandaba nakho . "" Njengabo bonke abantu emhlabeni, ngiyawathanda amadoda amadala nezingane. "