Umlando Wemilingiswa
UMoyDodyr ungumlingiswa wenganekwane yombhali wezingane odumile uKornea Ivanovich Chukovsky. Izingane zeSoviet Enda, zibazi ivesi, umlingiswa ophambili wazo kwakungumfana omncane kanye ne-washbasin ekhulumayo. Indaba ehlekisayo, inhloso yokuthi lokho okwakufanele kufundise izingane ekuhlanzekeni komuntu siqu nokubukeka okuhle, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi akulahlekelwa ukuhambisana. Kuyo, njengakunye inganekwane, ukuphikiswa okuhle nokubi okuchaziwe. Ngasohlangothini olukhanyayo kukhona uMoydodyr onezivumelwano zobumsulwa, futhi emnyama - emthambekeni.
Inganekwane ebhalwe ngo-1922 yavikelwa kaninginingi ngopopayi. Uheha ukunakwa kwababukeli abancane namuhla.
Umlando wendalo
Indaba yaqala yanyatheliswa ngo-1923 ngendlu yokushicilela "iRaduga". Imifanekiso yenganekwane eyakhiwe uYuri Ansov. Umlando womfana wawungcolile ophefumulelwe ngabaphindaphindayo baseSoviet, futhi kwafakwa uzungu lokuziphatha kukhathuni elifushane. Ngo-1927, iphrojekthi kaMaria Bender yaboniswa kuthelevishini, kwathi ngo-1939 no-1954, ukutolika ezimbili kwaletha umqondisi u-Ivanov-Vano. Ikhathuni yakamuva ivame ukusakazwa eziteshini zesimanje.
Ngokwenguqulo yomsebenzi, yabhalwa engxoxweni nendodakazi encane. Ngesinye isikhathi, usebenza ehhovisi, izimpande zikaChukovsky zezwa intombazane ekhala kakhulu, yaphuthuma ekusindisweni. UMasha omncane wayengafuni ukugeza. Ubaba, owayenomcabango ongavamile, wavuselela izimpikiswano zengane ukumboza inkondlo. Ngakho-ke imigqa edumile yavela ekukhanyeni:
"Kuyadingeka ukugezaEkuseni nakusihlwa,
Kanye nabafundi abangcolile
Amahloni nezimfungo, amahloni noStam.
Ukuqhubeka kwenganekwane ebonile ephepheni futhi kwaba yinsindiso yabazali bayo. Ukuvinjwa kwezingane kudlule ngemuva kwezindaba ezikhuluma ngoMoydodyra. Okushiwo yi-Fairy Tale yi-Banal: Udinga ukugeza nsuku zonke, ukuze ungakujabuleli ukungcola, njengomfana ovela ekulandisweni okudumile. Njengezindaba zesabekayo zezingane, indaba yajabulisa izingane futhi iphoqelelwa ukugeza nokuxubha amazinyo. Ukwazi kwezingane, zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo zenzo ezidingekayo, zikuthole zibonga stricme yombhali.
Isakhiwo sendaba
Indaba echazwe kuMoydodyra, ngoba ubuntwana buyaziwa abaningi futhi budilizwa ngezingcaphuno. Indaba yenziwa egameni lomfana omncane ophamba zonke izinto. I-Blanket, umcamelo ngisho ne-kettle isiqalisiwe ngenxa ye-sloppy futhi ayinaki i-washout. Ukuvela egumbini lokulala likamama, i-washbasin ekhuluma ngokukhuluma ngoMoydodyr itshela ingane: Imbangela yokuphunyuka kwezinto kwakuyiqiniso lokuthi wayengcolile. Lo mlingiswa uphishekela imithetho yenhlanzeko futhi ahlambalaze ingane ekukhashelweni kwamabhulukwe athembekile.
UMojdodyr unquma ukuhlanza futhi abize ama-warches, amabhulashi kanye nensipho ukusiza. Ingane ihlekisa kumhlengikazi. Njengoba efaka i-crocodile, ephuthuma kuye, kepha isilo sisongela ukudla umfana, uma engazizwa, ngakho-ke umfana uphuthunyiswe eMoifodyru. Ngemuva kwezinqubo zokugeza, izinto zibuyiselwa kumnikazi. Owokugcina womsebenzi uba wumhlanya ubuhlanya.
Inganekwane efuna i-banal, eyakhelwe ngokuya ngama-canons yendabuko yedrama futhi inambitha, umvuthwandaba kanye nenhlangano. IPeripetia ikhonza ukuphishekela umfana wageza umfana, nomkhosi wobumsulwa uba uhlobo lwe-epiral, lapho isimilo somsebenzi sivezwa khona.
Isimo sabadlali abaphambili bavumela ingane ukuthi izoziveza ngomlingiswa oyinhloko wezinganekwane, nabazali abaneMoidodyR. Inomthelela omuhle ekuboneni kwendaba yingane. UChukovsky wayengeyena udokotela wezingane, kepha ama-moifodyr, afana nezinye izinganekwane zembongi, zakhiwa ekuxhumekeni okujulile okuvela ekuqondeni izingane kanye nokuvumela ukufeza inqubekela phambili ekukhuliseni.
Izimpande zikaChukovskk zisebenzise ukulandisa okulula okubandakanya izingane kulo mdlalo futhi zenze umsebenzi wezimanga. Uthumele izinto emdansweni efulethini, wahola konke okwakuzungeza ingane, ulwazi lwayo lwempahla luncane.
Umlingiswa ongaziwa we-mojdodar, eqhamuka enganekwaneni efanelekile, ushaya izingane, njengokuphishekela i-warchcloth ngemuva komfana. Ngisho vele ujwayelene neCrocodile yezingane yenqabile ukuxhumana ne-spani. Izingane ziba sobala: Ukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma esimweni esicindezelayo ukuhambisana ne-oda elithathwe kubantu abadala nazo zonke izinto ezizungezile. Iholide elimsulwa lembongi elikutshela lolo ngumvuzo wesinqumo esifanele.
Kumazwana, uChukovsky wathi akazange aphishekele noma yiziphi izinhloso zomhlaba wonke emisebenzini yakhe, ngaphandle kokungasebenzi ezinganeni zokuziphatha kwamabhanali. "UMojdodyr" waba yingcingo yokuhlanzeka nokuhlanzeka komuntu. Kuleli lizwe, ukumemezela amazinga athile empilo kaSoviet, izinkambiso zokubukeka zidlala indima ebalulekile. Ngakho-ke, umnikelo we-chukovsky ekukhulisweni kwezizukulwane eziningana kunzima ukweqisa.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Umlobi wezingane weChukovskkk wayedumile kakhulu ngokubonga okumangazayo kanye ne-syllable ebhaliwe ephumelelayo, evamile emisebenzini. UChukovsky wayengumuntu wezombuso okwazi ukusebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene achazayo, futhi akhombise ukuceba kolimi lwaseRussia. Uhlu lwemisebenzi yalo, ngaphezu kwezinganekwane zokuziphatha okuhle, kufaka phakathi "ibhayibheli lezingane".
Ngesikhathi se- "Thaw", iphrojekthi eyadalwa ngayo, ukubandakanyeka kulo msebenzi kwakuyingozi ekwakheni nokuphila. UChukovsky waphoqeleka ukuthi ahlele kaninginingi le ncwadi ngokufaka "uNkulunkulu" e "Wizard Yahwe" futhi ayifaki igama elithi "amaJuda". Ibhayibheli lezingane elinyatheliswe ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Umbhoshongo waseBabiloni nezinye izinganekwane zasendulo", kepha ukusakazwa kwakungavunyelwe ukubala kwencwadi. Iziphathimandla zabheka ukuthi ukwazi kwezingane zeSoviet Union akunakudonswa yizinganekwane zenkolo.
Ukuthandwa kwe-chukovsky kuhle. Kuze kube namuhla umbhali uhlala umlobi oshicilelwe kakhulu wezingane. Ngokusho kwezibalo, ngo-2016, ukusakazwa okuphelele kwezincwadi ngezinganekwane zakhe ezifuywayo kufinyelela kumakhophi angaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili.
Amaqhawe ezinkondlo zezimpande ze-Ivanovich zibe yisikhathi eside ziba uhlobo. EMoscow Park Sokolniki kwafakwa itshe lesikhumbuzo kuMoydodyru. Isithombe saso sivame ukusetshenziswa emikhankasweni yezentengiso yamapayipi nemikhiqizo yokuhlanza.