I-Biograge
I-Zarathastra - umpristi, umprofethi kanye noMguquli wenkolo yasendulo yasekuqaleni, ebizwa ngeZoroastrias. Naphezu kwenganekwane yolwazi mayelana nomprofethi, izinganekwane zakhe kanye nokwehluka okukhulu ekuqondeni kwe-biography, abacwaningi abangabazi iqiniso lobukhona be-prosthestra.Ubuntwana nentsha
Ezinchamekweni zabaphenyi bakwaMprofethi, izinsuku zokuzalwa kwakhe ziyohluka, kanye nezinkomba lapho avela khona. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, iZarathastra yazalelwa e-East Iran, emadolobheni amancane ama-Tehran Rales phakathi kweVii nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lesi-6. E .. Kepha ukuhlaziywa kwe-gat (ingxenye eyinhloko yemibhalo engcwele yamaZoroastrs) isho inkathi yomsebenzi we-Reformer ngamakhulu eminyaka ye-XII-X. BC.
Ababhali bezwe lasendulo bakhombisa ukuthi iZarashustra ibihlala ngezikhathi ze-Tsar Gistaspa, ibhodi lazo liwela ku-522-486 BC. Yebo, kepha ubuzwe bakwaMprofethi bubizwa ngokuthi uhlukile: Persian, Indian, Persomidian, Allin, Asiriya. Ngokwamanye ulwazi, iZarathastra - amaKhaledi, Phamfilice noma umJuda kusukela kuhlobo lokuhlubuka kweSamariya.
Izazi-mlando zama-Vintage Muslim (Al-Hamavi kanye nezazi-mlando ze-Al-Bruni) zithi indawo yokuzalwa koSanta yi-Atropatena, uMbuso wasendulo otholakala endaweni yaseningizimu yeAzerbaijan. Futhi iBritish Nora Bois, ubuntatheli kanye nososayensi ocwaningayo kanye nomcwaningi weZoroastriall, ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi umpristi wazalelwa edolobheni laseStintishta - manje isifunda saseCheltelabinsk eRussia.
Uma ukholelwa emasangweni (17 izingoma zomprofethi ezibhekiswe kuNkulunkulu), iZarathastra yenzeka kuhlobo lwasendulo lwabapristi. Abazali bomprofethi - uyise weChristiaspas nonina uDugdov - wenza amadodana amahlanu phezu kokukhanya. Kepha ingane zarashustra yayihluke kubafowethu: izalwe, akazange akhale, kepha wahleka, wahleka amademoni ayizinkulungwane ezi-2 ngokuhleka.
Ngokwesiko losana olusanda kuzalwa, olugezwe ngezinkomo zomchamo futhi wageza esikhunjeni sezimvu. Ngemuva kokuvela kweZarashustra kuye, izimangaliso eziningi zavela. Amabutho amnyama abenawo onawo amandla omfana, kepha awakwazanga ukumbulala: amandla waphezulu kwakufanele avikele ingane.
Igama lomprofethi lijwayelekile e-Iran yasendulo, elivamile kwabalimi abalula, libonisa "umnikazi wekamela elidala." Igama likaMama - Dugdov (Daidai) - lihumusha ngokuthi "izinhlanzi zaphezulu". Kodwa-ke, ukuhunyushwa okuvela esiGreki kunikeza igama elihlukile lokuhumusha: I-Zoroaaster isho "ukukhanya kwegolide" noma "inkanyezi yegolide".
Kusuka eminyakeni engu-7 yahlulela ubupristi. Imfundiso yadluliselwa ngezindaba, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ama-Irani angakwazi ukubhala. Umfana wafunda amasiko kanye nama-mantras (iziphonso), oshiya ama-WiseNeli ahlakaniphile ezizukulwaneni zangaphambili.
Eminyakeni engu-15 (iminyaka yokuvuthwa) iZarathastra yaba umpristi, mantran - umlobi wama-mantras kanye nezipelingi. Le nsizwa yayinesipho sezinkondlo futhi yaqamba amaculo nezicunuzo.
Umpholofidi
Isikhathi sempilo yeZarathustra sibizwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokuwohloka kwesimilo. Inkathi yezimpi nemihlatshelo enegazi, izanusi kanye nabathakathi. I-Mademism ibuswa e-Iran - inkolo ende ehlukahlukene. Abantu bakholelwa kunkulunkulu bomlilo (agni), umoya (ukugeza), ulwandle (varun). I-ZaraTashustra ilethe isibonakaliso sokushintshana ukuze iguqulwe, imemezele amanenekazi ahlakaniphile - ahura-mazda - into esemqoka, ukwehlisa izincazelo zezinye izinkathi zonkulunkulu.
Isiko lithi eminyakeni engama-20 uZarathusta enqaba izifiso zezwe futhi waba olungile. Iminyaka eyishumi yazulazula ngifuna isambulo saphezulu nango-30, isikwamukele, yazulazula emasangweni.
Ngosuku lwentwasahlobo yasemkhosini, iZarathastra yaya emfuleni ekuseni ukuze izuze amanzi ukuze ilungiselele iSoma - isiphuzo, esiphekwe emacembe e-ephedra (shrub). Isiphuzo sabangela ukuba kunikezelwe ukusungulwa futhi "kukhuliswe emimoyeni" ngaphezulu kokufa kwabantu.
Ukuthatha amanzi ahlanzekile avela maphakathi nomfula futhi abuyele ogwini, iZarashustra ehlanziwe yabona isidalwa esikhanyayo. Umbono obizwa ngekusasa lomprofethi wazenzela yena futhi waholela kwezinye izibalo eziyisithupha ezikhanyayo. Ngenxa yokukhanya, abakukhanyisa, kwarathustra akubonanga isithunzi sakhe. Phakathi konkulunkulu, obizwa ngekusasa lomprofethi, okuyinto enkulu kwakungu-Ahur Mazda, washeshe wamemezela uMdali, owambiza ngenkonzo.
Ngemuva komhlangano noNkulunkulu, uZarathstra ushumayeza ama-Iranians avumelekile. Ngokushesha, amaZoroastraanrism asakazekela e-Afghanistan, eCentral Asia naseSouth Kazakhstan, abe nomthelela ezinkolweni zomhlaba. Ubukhulu bemfundiso yomprofethi ukuthi indlela eya kuMdali ilele ngokuphila okulungile nemicabango emsulwa, kepha inkolo ayiphiki imicikilisho nemihlatshelo.
Ukushumayela iZaravustra akuhlangananga phakathi kwezizwe zokuqonda: izimbaza (West Iran) zenqabe inkolo entsha, zigcine endala. Ngemuva kokuxoshwa kweminyaka eyi-10 engcwele izulazule futhi yahlola izivivinyo ezinkulu. Kwabantu abanomqondo ofanayo, wathola empumalanga yezwe futhi wamukelwa kahle ngumbusi ka-Arieshyana - uMbuso owayehlala endaweni yeTurkmenistan yanamuhla nase-Afghanistan.
Imibhalo kanye nezintshumayelo zaseZarashustra zathumba izikhumba eziyizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi eziyizinkulungwane, nencwadi eyinhloko - i-avesta yafakwa embusta yenkosi. UZarathustra wahlotshiswa ezintabeni zaseBukhara. Izindlu ezingcwele - umhume oyindilinga - izinhlamvu ezihlotshisiwe nezithombe zemilaza, futhi isithombe selanga namaplanethi avele ophahleni.
I-Zaptust ibizwa ngokuthi nguMprofethi wokuqala, owatshela ubukhona bePharadesi nesihogo, mayelana novuko ngemuva kokufa kanye neNkantolo yokugcina. Ushintsho lwathola abafundi ukuthi ukutakula kwesoni kuxhomeke ekuthembekeni kwezinto, amagama nemicabango, nangosuku lweJudy, umuntu uzokwabelana ngesibopho senduna yezwe.
Izimfundiso zeZaravustra mayelana nomzabalazo wamabutho amahle futhi amabi zigcizelela imibhalo yeBhayibheli kanye nezimfundiso zikaPlato. Ngemuva kokushona komprofethi, abalandeli bakhe bathuthela entshonalanga e-Iran, baphendulela ama-mages baye eZoroastrianism.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ebusheni bakhe, abazali bekusasa labomprofethi bathola indodana yomakoti, kepha uZarathustra wakhombisa umlingisi walahla omakoti ohlongozwayo. Isizathu sokwenqaba ukushada nelinye lamantombazane abizwa ngokuthi ukungathandi koMlobokazi ukuba abheke emehlweni - ubuhle baphenduka ubuso babuka kude. Le nsizwa yahamba ngezinyawo.
Ngemuva kokuhlangana noMdali nangezambulo Zakhe, lo mprofethi wakwenza lesi sivumelwano, ngakho-ke umuntu uphoqelekile ukuba ashiye inzalo ngemuva kwayo, uma kungenjalo uyisoni futhi engajabule. Izingane zinikeza ukungafi kokunemba kweNkantolo yokugcina.
I-ZaraThustra ishada kabili (ngenguqulo ehlukile - amahlandla amathathu). Unkosikazi wokuqala wayengumfelokazi. Abafazi abanjalo babizwa ngokuthi "abasebenzi." Wathumela amadodana amabili. Amazibulo aba umfukeli wezinkomo, indodana yesibili - iqhawe.
Umfazi wesibili womprofethi waba yintombi nto - umfazi "obusa". Owesifazane osemusha wabeletha isibonelelo esihlwanyelayo namadodakazi amathathu. Le ndodana ngu-Isaad-wastra - yaba umpristi ophakeme we-zorostriary. Ngokwenye inguqulo, izingane ezine Umshumayeli wabeletha abafazi ababili "obubusayo".
Ngokusho kwenkolelo ekhona, ngemuva kokuvuka kosolwa naye, "umfazi wobusa" wasala, ngoba umfelokazi emva kokufa uphenduke abese eduze komngane wakho wokuqala.
Ukushona
Umbulali weZarathustra waba yindoda egama linguMfowethu-Devay Tour. Umzamo wokuqala wokubulala umprofethi wagcotshwa ngokwehluleka: ukuvakasha okuwohloka komfowethu okunomdlandla - umthakathi uSorcerrashrobom - weza ezobhubhisa abangcwele ebuntwaneni. Umsolwa ophindaphindwayo wazama ngemuva kweminyaka engama-77, eyindoda egugile.Uhambo lomfowethu - ukubola lwangena endlini yomprofethi lapho ethandaza. Ombulali akazange afune ukubheka emehlweni eZaraphustra ambulala ngenkemba emhlane wakhe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuvakasha okuwohloka kozakwethele kufa.
IZARATHUCTIATSA Foresaw ngokufa okusheshayo nokuyilungiselela izinsuku ezingama-40 zokuphila, ukuchitha isikhathi ekunciphiseni nasemithandazweni. Abaphenyi abakhiphi lokho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lezi zinsuku ezingama-40 zemikhuleko yaseZarathushra sezibe amasiko enkolo abanye abantu ezinsukwini ezingama-40. Izinkolo eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi umphefumulo kamufi uhlala emhlabeni wabantu abezinsuku ezingama-40 ngemuva kokufa.
Ukukhumbula
- Ku-Opera Mozzart "umtshingo womlingo" (1791), isithombe sokuqina, okufanekisela ukukhanya nokuhlakanipha, kubhekiselwa ekukhulekeleni kwamaMasons aseZarathastra.
- Umlobi waseJalimane - uFilosopher Friedrich Nietzsche unomsebenzi "ngakho wakhuluma ngeZarathustra."
- Ngo-1896, ngaphansi komqondo wencwadi kaFriedrich Nietzsche, "ngakho-ke wakhuluma ngeZarashustra" Umqambi WaseJalimane uRichard Strauss wabhala inkondlo "ngakho-ke wakhuluma ngeZarathustra."
- Incwadi efanayo, ngokusho komholi weqembu le-Alice, iKonstantin Kinchev, inikelwe engcupheni ethi "Bomvu ngoMnyama".
- Ekuguqukeni kukaLeonid Gaida Roman I. Ilf no-E. Petrova "Izihlalo eziyi-12" Ostap Bender, zazethula kumhloli wezomlilo, kusho uPasha, ngabe ngizokutholela uPasha, kodwa ngangizokutholela iZarathstra kuphela Akukuvumeli. "