I-Biograge
INkathi yesiliva yethule izincwadi zaseRussia amagama amaningi aqhakazile. Omunye wabasunguli be-Russian admism shopleev ngesitayela sakhe esiyingqayizivele ngakwesokudla kwenzeka ku-Pleiad yamathalenta amakhulu ama-turnal of the Xix-XX Sembuthalo.Ubuntwana nentsha
Ngo-Agasti 9, 1871, emndenini we-Ambarer-Tacketor Nikolai Ivanovich nendodakazi ka-Anastasia Nikolaevna, umfana nee. U-Leonid osuselwa ku-Leonid wabiza, futhi nguYena ukuthi wayemiselwe ukubhala emisebenzini yesikhathi esizayo, esathinta izinhliziyo, afihle imicu efihlekile yomphefumlo womuntu.
U-Andreeev wayehlala edolobheni lase-Orel emgwaqweni wesibili we-pushkar - lowo umbhali abebekwe eceleni nezinhlamvu zolunye lwasekuqaleni kwezindaba zakhe "i-bargamot kanye ne-garaska". Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane, umndeni wakwa-Ambarer wagcina ezuze okungenani ukuqina kwezezimali.
Ubaba kaLeonid wahlonishwa omakhelwane bezinhlamvu eziqinile nothando lobulungiswa. Ngeshwa, uNikolai Ivanovich wayethanda ukuphuza, futhi ephuza ukulwa. ULeonid Andreev kamuva wathi wakuthola ifa kuYise, utshwala. Futhi kusukela kumama, yize kufundiswe kabi, kodwa ngengqondo ecebile, isipho sokudala.
Esikhathini se-Oryol Classical Gymnasium, iprosesi yesikhathi esizayo yancika imikhono yayo yaze yahlala khona ngonyaka wesibili. Ukuthi waphathwa kahle, ngakho-ke le yimibhalo ayevame ukubhala ngayo kwalabo afunda nabo. U-Leonid wabe esebonisa ithalente lokulingisa - wayekwazi kalula isitayela "senkohliso", ngokwesibonelo, ngokwesibonelo, uChekhov noma uTolmatoy.
Futhi kusukela ebuntwaneni, umfana wayethanda ukufunda, futhi njengoba yena ngokwakhe wabhala e-autobiography, "izincwadi ezinamafutha". Kepha iqiniso lokuthi le ngane izoba ngumlobi, kuleyo minyaka akekho owacabanga, kufaka phakathi u-Andrereev uqobo.
Eminyakeni yesikole, uLeonid wayethanda ukudweba. Maye, edolobheni lakubo bekungekho ithuba lokuthola ulwazi oluyisisekelo ekupendweni komdwebo, umbhali wazisola kaningi. Futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kwakusathathwa ngebhulashi - ngokwengxenye yezemisebenzi yakhe uLeonid noRereev uqobo adale imifanekiso.
Ukubhala kukhule ekufundeni. U-Leonid wafunda okuningi: Tolstoy, Hartmanna, Schopenhauer. Lesi sakamuva saba nethonya elikhulu emsebenzini womlobi, ikakhulukazi incwadi ethi "Ukuthula njengentando nesethulo", enye yezincwadi eziyizintandokazi zika-Andrereva. Ngaphansi kwethonya labalobi abathandayo eminyakeni eyi-15-16, le nsizwa yaqala ukuhlushwa "imibuzo elahliweyo."
Ngemuva kwalokho u-Andreev wazinikela isithembiso sokubhubhisa eyakhe imisebenzi ngothando, isimilo, inkolo 'nokuqeda impilo yabo sonke isikhathi.' Lesi sisho sesaziwa ngokuthi inzalo ngenxa yombhali waseRussia, owayephila ngesikhathi sika-Andrereeva vasily Bruzynin.
U-Andreev wayengazi ukuthi angaphila kanjani ngokuzolile, e-biobitory yakhe kunamakhona amaningi abukhali - imizamo yokuzibulala, izimbambo zesikhathi eside, izinto zokuzilibazisa ezingapheli, izinto zokuzilibazisa ezingapheli. Ngokuvamile, igama elithi "inkanuko" alinakwenzeka ukukhombisa ngokuphelele izinzwa ezibuhlungu nezicashile zombhali. Uthando ngaye kwakungubutho lokushayela, isidingo semvelo.
Njengomfundi wekhono lomthetho weSt. PeterSburg University, uLeonid uphoqe ukuthi afunde ngenxa yokuzibulala kwehlulekile ngesisekelo semizwa engafakwanga. Esinye isizathu sokushiya inyuvesi kwawukufa kukaYise. Isimo sezezimali somndeni sinyakazise kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, sanyamalala lelo thuba lokukhokhela izifundo zazo. Ngemuva kwalokho u-Andreev waqala ukuphuza - wabhala. Indaba yokuqala ephathelene nomfundi olambile yavela ngokunembile ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa akazange ammukele ehhovisi lokuhlela.
Uqhubeke nomlobi wakhe womfundi eFactCH PUCCECTICAL ye-Moscow University. ULeonid wakuthola impilo yakhe nomndeni wakhe oyintandane nokufundisa. Ubuye wabhala okufanekisa uku-oda. Kumfundi wale nsizwa kwakungayithandi ezombusazwe, ngokungafani nentsha, kodwa ifilosofi yaseNietzsche.
Eduze kwakhe kwakuyimibono yokungabi nangqondo kwempilo nenani lomuntu uqobo. Ukuba sekhaya eholidini ngo-1894, uLeonid wathandana futhi, futhi ephindaphinde ngempumelelo. Enye imizamo yokuzibulala yalandela. Ngemuva kwalokho, u-Andreeev wathola isifo esingamahlalakhona (isifo senhliziyo), esagcina simhlikihla.
Ukuqeda ngempumelelo i-University ngo-1897, umlobi wawubandakanyeka emisebenzini yommeli kuze kube ngu-1902. Ngasikhathi sinye, u-Andreev wasebenza njengentatheli eMoscow Editions - "I-Courier" kanye ne- "Moscow Bulletin".
Into yokufunda
Ngo-1898, udaba luka-Andrereeva "Bargamot kanye ne-Garaska" lwanyatheliswa eposini okokuqala. Futhi inkazimulo yafika kumlobi ngo-1901, ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwalo magazini "Impilo" le ndaba "yaphila." Ngokushesha uLeonid Andreev washiya ummeli futhi wathatha izincwadi.
Kuzwakale ubusuku bokugcina, kwaletha ukujwayelana nokupheka, ama-bunin nabanye ababhali, bamunca njengokugxekwa kwesiponji nezeluleko. Umsebenzi wombhali waphawula uMaxim Gorky futhi wasiza lokho kukhulula iqoqo lokuqala lezindaba, kanye nokujikeleza okukhulu. Kwaphindeka kane ngenxa yokuthandwa.
"Waphila,", "ingelosi", "uValya", "Kusaka" - okulula futhi ngasikhathi sinye imidwebo ekhanyayo yangempela, kukhuthaze ububele obukhuthazayo ngolimi oluphilayo. Izinhlamvu zezindaba zihlala eduzane - yebo ku-pushkin efanayo ye-2nd ku-arel.
Izindaba ezishicilelwe ngo-1902 zabangela ama-spores ashisayo. Umlobi ubekhuluma ngalokho okwakuthathwa njengokuthula, "mayelana nohlangothi olumnyama lomphefumlo womuntu, mayelana nokwesaba, ngokwemvelo, ngokwesibonelo, esimweni esicindezelayo "ABYSS".
"Ukuhleka okubomvu" okudumile "nezehlakalo ezinhle zempi yaseRussia - yakwa-1904, ikakhulukazi embi. Umlobi ngokwakhe akazange alwe, kepha kwakukhona imibiko ezanele yamaphephandaba nezindaba zofakazi bokuzibonela, ukuze umcabango wokuzibonela, umdwebi womculi wakhipha imidwebo emibi yobuhlanya yempi.
Esigabeni esilandelayo sempilo yokudala ye-Andreev yadalwa imisebenzi ngobuningi - amanoveli, amanoveli, i-ntambama: "Idayari kaSathane", "Lowo othola ngempama", "uJuda Israbi", njll. UJuda u-Israeli wabangela izingxabano eziningi wabangela amakholwa, ngoba kule ndaba abaphostoli - abantu abajwayelekile, hhayi imibi yobumbano. Indaba yashicilelwa ngesiJalimane, isiNgisi nesiFulentshi, sasinda ezihlathini eziningana.
Isici sokwakheka kukaLeonid Andreeva ovela endaweni yokubuka kwabagxeki bemibhalo ukungakwazi ukubiza imisebenzi yalowo ongumbhali ezitezi ezithile ezihlokweni ezithile. Izindlela ezahlukahlukene zezobuciko ezisetshenziswa ngumlobi, isitayela asijwayelekile kakhulu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1902, u-Andreeev wahlanganiswa nomshado no-Alexandra Veligorskaya, abazukulu bakaTaras Shevchenko, nangowokuqala, lo mbhangqwana wazalwa uVadim. Ngo-1906, indodana kaDaniel yazalwa, kwathi u-Alexander washona emshiseni wePostpartum.
Ngo-1908, uLeonid Andreev washada okwesibili - ku-Anna Ilinichna Denisevich (Karnitskaya). Emshadweni wesibili ozalwe amadodana kaSava (1909) noValentine (1912) kanye nendodakazi kaVera (1910). Zonke izingane ezinhlanu zazinjalo, njengoYise, abantu bokudala.
Akuningi owaziyo iqiniso elijabulisayo empilweni yomlobi: ULeonid Andreev wayengeyena ihlaya esithombeni sombala. Usebhekwa nje omunye wamakhosi amahle kakhulu emhlabeni asebenza kwinqubo ye-avtorshrom. Abafowethu be-lumiere basungula le ndlela, kwathi kuze kube ngu-1935 kwakuwukuphela kwendlela yokuthola izithombe zemibala.
Ukushona
I-Okthoba yokuguqula ngo-1917 ayikwamukelanga umbhali, amaBolsheviks ambangela isimo sengqondo esingesihle kakhulu. Ngonyaka wokuthola inkululeko yaseFinland, uLeonid noRereev wahlala kuleli waphila kuleli wawufuduka. Lapho, edolobheni laseMastami, ngoSepthemba 12, 1919 kwafa uLeonid noRereevie. Imbangela yokufa okuzinzile yayiwububi benhliziyo. Wangcwaba umlobi eseduzane, eMarikah.
Ngo-1956, uthuli luka-Andreev lwavuselwa eLeningrad kwi-Wolf Cemetery. Ukhohliwe ngokungathembeki ezweni lasemlobi wakhumbula, futhi kusukela ngo-1956 imisebenzi yakhe ekhethiwe yayiphinda iphrintiwe. Ifa elishiywe ngumbhali, lifaka izindaba ezingama-89, izingcezu ezingama-20, izindaba eziyi-8 namanoveli. Imicabango etshalwe ngumlobi emlonyeni wamaqhawe noma umuntu wokuqala obhalwe izingcaphuno. Kusukela ngo-1991, imnyuziyamu yaseLeonid Andreeva House ibisebenza e-Orel.
I-Bibliography
Izicucu
- Ngo-1906 - ezinkanyezini
- 1907 - Impilo Yomuntu
- 1907 - Savva
- Ngo-1908 - INkosi Indlala
- 1908 - Imaski Emnyama
- 1909 - Anatama
- Ngo-1909 - Izinsuku Zokuphila Kwethu
- 1910 - Anfisa
- 1910 - Gaudiamus.
- Ngo-1911 - Ocean
- 1912 - I-Ekaterina Ivanovna
- Ngo-1912 - USolwazi Storitsyn
- 1913 - Ama-Sabineans amahle
- 1913 - Musa ukubulala
- 1914 - Kucatshangelwe
- Ngo-1914 - Samson e-Okovas
- Ngo-1915 - Lowo othola ngempama
- Ngo-1915 - Requiem.
- 1917 - Ama-Ghost Ghosts
- 1922 - Inja Waltz
Amanoveli neTale
- 1903 - Impilo yeVasily Amban
- 1904 - Ukuhleka okubomvu
- Ngo-1907 - Juda Israea Israe
- 1908 - Amanothi Ami
- I-1908 - Indaba ekhuluma ngezinto eziyisikhombisa ezilengisiwe
- 1911 - USasha Zagulav
- Ngo-1916 - Izimpi ze-Igo
- Ngo-1919 - Idayari kaSathane