I-Biograge
UClaude Debussy wayengomunye wabaqambi baseFrance abasekupheleni kwangokwedlule 19 - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ilungu leNhlangano ye- "Art ROGOEV", owayengaziboni amasiko asendulo, waba ngumbhali wemisebenzi eminingana futhi wamukelwa ngummeleli oyinhloko wegatsha lomculo we-European Fereversion.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Ashil Claude Debussy wazalelwa enyakatho nentshonalanga yeParis ngo-Agasti 22, 1862 futhi wayeyizibulo ezinkulungwane zezingane ezi-5 uManuel-Achilla Debussey kanye nemibuzo kankosikazi wakhe uManuri. Kuze kube ngu-1870, umndeni walowo ongumqambi wesikhathi esizayo wahlala enhlokodolobha yaseFrance, wabe esethuthela eCennes, endlini yezihlobo emugqeni womama. Lapho, uClaude omncane waqala ukuqeqesha umdlalo epiyano ngaphansi kokuqondisa komculi wase-Italy uJean Cherutti.
UDebussy waba ngumfundi onekhono futhi osemusha wangena eParis Conservatory, lapho wafunda khona inqubo yokudlala amathuluzi wekhibhodi, solfeggio, ukwakheka, indaba yomqondo. Ngo-1874, uClaude wathola iprimiyamu yokubulawa kwekhonsathi kaChopin futhi wathola idumela njengopiyano oluhle.
Ngesikhathi samaholide ehlobo, u-1879 wajabulisa izivakashi zenqaba yeSchonOnso futhi ngokushesha umlutha wokunethezeka. Ngemuva konyaka, ngifuna impilo enhle, le nsizwa yathola umculi kanye nothisha ehhovisi likaPeter Ilenich Tchaikovsky, linethemba le-von Mecc, kwathi iminyaka emibili ehamba eFrance, eSwitzerland, e-Italy naseRussia. Ngo-1882, uClaude waqamba i-miniature "Ballade à L LUNE", "Madrid, Prices Des Espegnes" kanye nePiano Salt Major ".
I-Debussi Conservatory iye yabangela kaningingele ulaka lwabafundisi, kuphazamisa ama-canon ahleliwe wokwakheka. Noma kunjalo, ngo-1884, wathola "umklomelo wamaRoma" ohlonishwayo we-cantatant "L'-Enfant pritize" futhi waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-Italy. Umculo wendawo awuzange ugqugquzele uClaude, owayekhethe ukuhlanganisa imibono yakhe yokudala yokudala, ngaphandle kokuwa ngaphansi kwethonya lozakwabo abadumile.
Kungakho imisebenzi yesikhathi sempilo yase-Italy ye-Debusssy, ngokwesivumelwano semfundo, evezwe e-Conservatory, othisha batholwe beyinto emangalisayo, imikhumbi futhi engaqondakali. Ukubuyela eParis, uClaude kafushane ulahlekelwe "inkululeko yomculo", eshaya ithonya lemiculo enobuhlakani likaRichard Wagner, kodwa ngokushesha wabona ukuthi ubuhlakani beJalimane elidumile lalingenalo ikusasa.
Umculo
Imisebenzi yokuqala yokudideka yabulawa kaninginingi emphakathini, kodwa ayizange imlethe impumelelo nokuthandwa okukhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, abathengisi abaqambi ababonayo ithalente loMlobi abasebasha kwathi ngo-1893 bakwamukela ekomitini leNational Music Society, lapho uClarte angeniswa khona kuphela ukuthi lowo mculo we-Maurice.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, kwenzeka umcimbi owawunenani elibalulekile le-biography yokudala ye-Debussy. Umqambi wavakashela i-Premiere yokudlala ku-Play Maurice Meterlinka "Pelleas kanye noMelizanda" futhi wanquma ukuthi lokhu kulungiselelwa kufanele kuzalwe kabusha kuhlobo lwe-Opera. Ngokushesha uDebussi wathola imvume yombhali waseBelgian ekuguqulweni komculo komsebenzi futhi, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa isikhathi, waqala ukusebenza.
Imidwebo eyinhloko yomqambi we-opera wesikhathi esizayo aqedwe ngoDisemba 1894. Ngasikhathi sinye, inkondlo ye-Symphony Prelude Rebussy "Ukuzilibazisa Kwasemini Yama-favna" kwethulwe kwiNational Music Company ", eyamukelwa umphakathi.
Ngo-1900, uClaude waqala ukuvakashela imihlangano yomphakathi ongekho emthethweni "uLes Apache", owawuhlanganisa abaculi abasebasha, izimbongi, abagxeki kanye nabaculi abanesimo se- "Akhawunti yezobuciko". Amalungu amaningi ale nhlangano ahanjelwe yi-premiere ye-orchestral "Nowturnov" Debussy ebizwa ngokuthi "amafu", "umkhosi" kanye ne- "siren". Ukubuyekezwa kwalo msebenzi bekuyimpikiswano ethile: Abanye abagxeki bakholelwa ukuthi umqambi wenza igxathu elikhulu emuva, abanye bancoma amandla, ama-charm, ubudlelwane obumangalisayo nomcabango omangalisayo womlobi.
Kusukela ngo-1898, uClaude wasebenza ngesimemezelo se-opera ye-debut kanye nezingxoxo zaholwa ngobuholi be-paris theyatha ebusweni bomyalezo no-Albert Carre. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-Ephreli 1902, i- "Opéra-tomique" yabamba i-Premiere ka- "Pelleas kanye noMelisandda", ehlukanise umphakathi ngabekubala nabalandeli.
Yize umbono ngomsebenzi omusha we-Debusyy wawunqanda, i-Opera yasheshe yathandwa futhi yenza umbhali nguCavalier wokuhleleka kweLegion ehlonishwayo, eyaziwa eFrance nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Ukushaywa kwamazwi kwashicilelwa ngoMeyi 1902, futhi ukushicilelwa okuphelele kwamanothi kwanyatheliswa ngo-1904.
Ngo-1905, eParis, uDebussi waqala waveza umsebenzi we-symphonic "ulwandle", futhi waphinda futhi waba khona izingxabano, ukufudumeza ukuthakazela ubuhlakani bomqambi. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1900s, ukwakheka kukaClaud kwakuvame ukuvela ezinhlelweni zekhonsathi ezweni lakubo nakwamanye amazwe. "Igumbi lezingane" nezicucu zalo "izicucu zalo" ukudansa kweqhwa "kanye" nomalusi omncane "wasebenzisa ukuthandwa ikakhulukazi.
Ukuqashelwa komphakathi kudalulwe ukubuyiselwa emuva. Ngo-1910-1913, umqambi wadala umdlalo odumile kakhulu wepiyano, indawo ekhethekile phakathi kwayo "ama-preludes", aqukethe ama-2 zokubhalela futhi afake izithonjana ezinjengomgqa wefilakisi "kanye" nethala yezinsuku ekukhanyiseni kwenyanga. "
Ngo-1914, uClaude waqala ukusebenza emjikelezweni wama-sonatas ayi-6 ngamathuluzi ahlukahlukene, kepha isifo esibulalayo savinjelwa ukumphothula ngokuphelele. Umsebenzi wobuciko bokugcina uDebussi wayengumsebenzi we-violin nopiyano, ebhalwe ngo-1917.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Eminyakeni yokufunda eDebussi Conservatory, kwahlolwa umuzwa onamandla othando. Uthando lwakhe lwalungumfundi wekilasi lokucula ogama lakhe linguMarie, owayeshade noSanta wabaphikisi abasebasha uHenri Vasnya. Ngokushesha le ntombazane yaba yinkosikazi yakhe kanye nemnyuziyamu umqambi, lobu budlelwano buqhubeka iminyaka engu-7.
Ngo-1890, uMarie wonakalisa ubudlelwano obunokonakalisa ngokudideka futhi wabuyela kumlingani wakhe. Kusukela othandweni lomqambi, izingoma ezingama-27 zashiywa zinikezelwe kumlingisi omuhle, owokugcina wawungukwakheka kwe-mondolin.
Kungekudala ngemuva kokuhlukana noMadame vänaja Claude wahlangana nendodakazi yomthungi ovela eLiziee, eyayibizwa ngokuthi yiGabriel Dupont. Iminyaka emi-3 ngemuva kokuqala kobudlelwano obuClaude noGabi, impilo ehlanganyelwe eParis yaqala. Ngasikhathi sinye, uDebussi waqala inoveli nomculi uTeresa Roger kwathi ngo-1894 wanikela ngokusemthethweni ngesandla nenhliziyo yakhe. Abangane kanye nabantu obajwayele bakugxeka ukuziphatha okulula komqambi futhi bafake isandla ekuphelisweni kwalokhu kubandakanya.
Eminyakeni engu-5 kamuva, uClaude, ekugcineni, washada nomngani wakhe uMarie-Rosalie. I-Textie e-Lilly ebizwa ngokuthi yiLilly. Kuyathakazelisa iqiniso lokuthi imvume yomqambi womakoti waba ngaphansi kokuzibulala. Oshade naye osemusha wayethanda, esebenzayo futhi eqondile, wayethanda kakhulu abantu abaseduze kobungxoshi.
Kodwa-ke, uLilly akazange akhanye ngengqondo futhi akazange awuqonde ngomculo, ngakho-ke uClaude, womela ubuhlobo obusezingenifu, wathumela umlingani kubazali futhi waqala inoveli nomculi oshadile u-Emma Berdak. Unkosikazi osemthethweni womqambi wafunda ngokuvukela umbuso futhi wazama ukuzibulala. Lo mthetho uholele ekuhlafuneni esidlangalaleni okwakulahla i-debussi ukusekela nokuhlonipha ozakwethu nabangane.
Ngo-1905, umthandi okhulelwe uClaude washiya umyeni wakhe, futhi lo mbhangqwana wawela umbono womphakathi eLondon. Lapho izingxoxo sezinciphile, abathandi babuyela eFrance bathenga indlu eParis e-Avenue Fosh, lapho kwazalwa khona indodakazi yomqambi, eyamukele igama lika-Emma kanye negama lesidlaliso emnene. Iminyaka emi-3 ngemuva kokufika kwengane, uBardak noDebussy bashada futhi bachitha ndawonye okusele kwempilo.
Okwamanje akukaziwa ukuthi uDebussy uthanda umuntu ukuba ngempela. Ukhathazekile ngomculo, akazange acabange ngempilo yakhe uqobo. Kungacatshangelwa ukuthi umqambi wayehlangabezana nomuzwa ofudumele wendodakazi yakhe, eyaba yinto yezithombe eziningi ezitholakala endaweni yokugcina umlando kaFrance odumile.
Ukushona
Ngo-1908, kwatholakala ukuthi uDebussi watholakala - umdlavuza we-colorectal, ngemuva kwalokho imbangela yokufa komqambi, owachitha iminyaka eyi-10 ekulweni nobuhlungu obubi. Ngo-1915, odokotela basebenza ngoClaude, kodwa umphumela waba ngcono okwesikhashana.
Lapho lesi sifo sibuyela emuva, umFulentshi odumile waqhubeka nokubhala umculo futhi enze nge-concerts, okokugcina lapho ebonwe emphakathini e-Sonatata ye-violin noPiano Primerier 1917.
Ekuqaleni kuka-1918, uClaude wahlaselwa embhedeni waphila kuphela ngenxa yokukhathazeka konkosikazi ka-Emama nendodakazi kaShushu. Ukwelashwa akusasizi, kwathi ngoMashi 25, 1918, kusho u-Debussy eParis, endlini yakhe e-Avenue Fosh.
Imicimbi yeMpi Yezwe Yokuqala yavimbela ukuhlela umngcwabo onesizotha. Umzimba womqambi owenziwa emigwaqweni emikhulu engenalutho futhi wangcwatshwa okwesikhashana emathuneni asemveni. Le ndawo yaphikisana nentando yokugcina yomufi, eyayifuna 'ukuphumula phakathi kwezihlahla nezinyoni', ngakho-ke ngemuva konyaka ingqungquthela yokupholisa idluliselwe ebhange elifanele ebhange elifanele le-Seine, eduze ne-Boulogne Forest.
Imisebenzi Yomculo
- 1882 - Suite "Triumph Vakha"
- Ngo-1882 - Nocturne noScherzo yeVolin noPiyano
- 1887 - Suite "Spring"
- Ngo-1891 - Prelude "ntambama rest favna"
- 1893-1895 - Opera Pelleas kanye Melizanda
- 1994 - "Izithombe"
- 1906-1908 - Suite "Corner Yezingane"
- 1910 - Preludes (incwadi yokubhalela 1)
- 1911-1913 - Preludes (Notebook 2)
- Ngo-1914 - "I-Heroic Lullaby"
- Ngo-1916-1917 - USonata we-violin nopiyano