I-Biograge
I-BISTER Kiton ngumlingisi waseMelika owaziwa emhlabeni we-cinema njenge- "comic ngaphandle kokumamatheka." Ukuthandwa komculi endaweni ephezulu yomsebenzi kwakuqhathaniswa nesidingo sikaCharlie Chaplin. "Ubuso betshe" bama-movie athulile aseMelika, i-baster kiton yajabulisa abantu ngaphandle kwemisindo kanye nezinkulumo zobuso. Umdwebi omncane noqondayo waphoqa umphakathi ukuthi ukhale ekuhlekeni.
Wayeyiqiniso, umlingisi, umqondisi kanye nomculi wangempela we-epoch of the movie. Umbhali weKiton amafilimu athi "Sherlock-Jr.", "I-Navigator" kanye ne- "General". Ngo-1960, wathola u-Oscar ohlonishwayo ngegalelo lakhe ekuthuthukisweni kwe-cinema.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Igama langempela lika-comedian - uJoseph Frank Kiton. Wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 4, 1895 edolobheni laseMelika likaPikou eKansas futhi wayeyizibulo likaJoseph Kiton noMira Cutler. Izingane ezimbili zavela kamuva emndenini.
Ubaba wayene-Sty Troupe ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Mohawk Indian Medicine Company, lapho akhuluma khona eDuet nomkakhe. Wadansa, wenza izinombolo ze-acrobatic futhi wakhombisa ama-etude ahlekisayo. Umama wadlala izinsimbi zomculo, kufaka phakathi i-saxophone, eyayiyinto enkulu ngaleso sikhathi. Le nkampani yenziwa kanye nomlingo odumile uHarry Hudini.
Kunelukuluku lokuthi kwakunguHudini, umngani womndeni owaqhamuka nesidlaliso se-BISTER. Lapho nje umfana ewela ezitebhisini futhi wasinda ngokuyisimangaliso, ekubeni ngumlingo okhethiwe. Wababaza: "Kusho ukuthini ibhasi!" Okwakusho ukuthini ukuthi "lokhu kungukuzikhandla!". Kusukela lapho, iKiton junior kwakuyigama le-batter.
I-biography yakhe eyayivela ezintabeni yayigcwele izehlakalo ezinkulu: Waphenduka epicenter of the Fire, wakwazi ukubhema ukuhlanganisa ngomunwe, wakwazi ukubhema ngengozi yesitimela, walinyazwa yikhanda kusukela esitelekeni sesitini futhi ungene esitokisini. Inhlanhla ye-taters ingaba nomona.
Uzalelwe emndenini wobuciko, umfana akakwazanga ukugwema lesi sigameko. Ukudonswa kwakhe kwenzeka eminyakeni emithathu. I-BIST ibambe iqhaza egumbini elibizwa nge- "3 kiton" nabazali bakhe. Ubaba wamphonsa kunina, amaqhinga we-acrobatic aphela ekwindla futhi ajabule ezilalelini, ngoba umfana wathula.
Izakhamizi ezivamile zikhale ngokuphathwa kabi kwezingane eziphathimandla nasekusebenzeni kwabasebenzi komfana, kepha ukwahlulela amaMemori aseKiton, akazange athole imizwa engemnandi. Wakuthanda ukuthi abantu bahleke futhi bajabulele umbukiso. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isibhenge saqala ukukopisha uYise, owajabulisa umphakathi kwaMimican, kodwa iNdodana yakhe yayibi kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho le nsizwa yaqhamuka nesithombe esisha: ubuso bakhe manje lase bengavezi i-akhawunti noma yini, futhi kwaba nomphumela.
Amafilimu
Ngo-1917, abazali bakaKiton bahlukanisa ngenxa yothando lukaYise lube notshwala. I-BESTER iyekile ukuvela kwisehlakalo sabazali, kepha ikwazile ukuthola iqhaza esigabeni sakwaBroadway nge-Intleaf. Umqondisi wamkhokhela u- $ 250 ngesonto. Ukubambisana kwezithelo kuphazamise umuntu omaziyo ne-comic edumile yeRosca Arbacl.
Ngaleso sikhathi, umculi wabhekwa njengowesibili ngemuva kweChaplin. Yena, njengabaningi, bakholelwa emandleni emilingo ye-cinema. URosca uphakamise ukubamba iqhaza okuyisisekelo kwifilimu emfushane "Umsizi Wokuzivikela". Itheyipu yaya ezikrinini ngo-1917 futhi iphumelele.
Isikweletu salandela eminye imidwebo eyi-14. Umsebenzi wokuqala wawuphazamisa ubizo lwebutho. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe I, iKiton yaba yisisebenzi sesigaba sesibhamu futhi yathunyelwa eFrance. Ukubuyela ezweni lakubo ngo-1919, waphinde waqala ukuzibandakanya ebhizinisini lakhe futhi wasebenzisana nomngane. Amaphrojekthi walawa mahlaya amabili ahlala aqoqa i-cashier enkulu.
Ngo-1920, i-baster yanquma ukuzama amabutho kuMqondisi. Umsebenzi wokuqala kwakuyifilimu ethi "Balda" ngokubamba iqhaza kweBerti Elstin. Ngesikhathi i-Arbuck yasuka kude nokuhlunga kwamahlaya, ngakho-ke iKiton yahola inkampani uJoseph Schoholak. Ukuphilisa nokusebenza kanzima kwasiza ukudala amaphrojekthi anikeza impumelelo.
I-baster enenzuzo ephezulu isebenze ngekhamera futhi phambi kwayo. Abagxeki baphawula ukuvezwa kanye nomsebenzi ogcwele ngokulinganayo kuMqondisi nokwenza. Ngo-1921, kwadedelwa i- "Theatre" "ithiphu letheyiphu ezikrinini, lapho iKiton ikhombise imiphumela ekhethekile emangalisayo. Ngokuphikisana nesiko, umqondisi wafaka amakhamera ashukumisayo wokuthwebula futhi waba umsunguli wangempela.
Inkampani "Ifilimu leComedan", alihola, laguqula igama liye ku- "BISTER Kiton Kiton", umlingisi wayenengxenye encane phakathi kwabaninimasheya. Ayikho imibhalo estudiyo, kanti inganono yecebo lakhiwa umqondisi ngesikhathi sokuhlunga. Ama-gigs kanye nokuthuthuka kwakuyisisekelo semidwebo ye-kiton. Ama-opharetha awazange ayeke ukudubula umzuzu, ungazisoli ngefilimu.
UKiton wasusa amafilimu ama-2 ngonyaka, kwathi ngo-1923 waqala ukusebenza ngemitha egcwele. Isikweletu kuleli lungiselelo sasiyifilimu "emakhulwini amathathu eminyaka", ukugcwala kwesithombe "ukungabekezeleli" kwabangu-1916. Ngo-1924 wethule ama-cinema ama-2 tapes edume. Owokuqala ubizwa nge- "Sherlock Jr." futhi uchaza indaba yomakhenikha wefilimu ogeleza mayelana nomsebenzi womseshi. UKiton wenza endimeni eholayo futhi wenza amaqhinga uqobo. Ukulimala kwentamo okutholakele lapho kudutshulwa kutholwa kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10.
Itheyiphu elandelayo "I-Navigator" yakhiqiza i-furor. Ngemuva kwakhe, i-baster yaba usaziwayo wangempela. Umholo wayo wandisiwe waya ku- $ 3.5,000, futhi umlingisi wathola indawo ebizayo emagqumeni kaBeverly. Ngo-1927, iKiton yasusa "okujwayelekile", isithombe samaqhawe empi yombango. Le filimu ingumbuso okhanyayo wendlela ehlukanisayo yamahlaya. Kwenza amaqhinga amangalisayo ngobuso bakho, ukuthatha izithameli ngamasu angeminye ayengahlonishwa ku-Chaplin.
Ukubheka okusha kwakhiwa, umoya wokuhlolwa, izivivinyo ezinezithombe eziningi nokucisha ozimele - konke lokhu kwahlukanisa amafilimu aseKiton washer. Ubunye obuchwepheshe banikeza uMqondisi Phambili kwabaqhudelana emzabalazweni wokunaka umphakathi. Isimo ngokuthumela kwe-locomotive ngebhuloho elivuthayo ku- "General" kubiza iKitton yama- $ 42 amahle.
Ukusebenzisana ne- "Bhalon Keaton Properesenz", ngo-1928 umlingisi ukhiqiza isithombe sokugcina se- "steamer bill jr.". UJoseph Shank wathengisa amasheya amaMeya kaMetro Galtyn, futhi iKiton yamisa ukuba ngumqondisi wobuciko. Ngasikhathi sinye, "opharetha wefilimu" bakhishwe kwizikrini, ezazigcinile isitayela sesitebhisi sesiphephelo, kodwa itheyiphu elandelayo "umshado obizwa ngokuthi" isivele yahlupheka iFiasco.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhanya kwabona amafilimu omsindo wokuqala. Lokhu kudlalwe ngokumelene ne-comic. Ngo-1933, isitudiyo saphule isivumelwano naye. Umqondisi wasinda kwisehlukaniso futhi wafuna induduzo ngotshwala. Lapho-ke uhambo lwaseYurophu lwalandela, emva kwalokho wakwazi ukululama. Inkampani "iMener Metro Galtyn" yanikeza inkontileka kaKaton njengombhali we-gag. Futhi waphinde wamangala bonke ubungcweti.
Ngo-1938, iKiton yaba ngumqondisi wobuciko besitudiyo sabaculi abahlangene futhi bakhipha amahlaya ambalwa ambalwa abebesanda kuba nempumelelo enkulu ye-cashier. Kancane kancane ukuthandwa kwavuselelwa kwakusekwehla. Ngo-1949, uMqondisi waqala ukusebenza kuthelevishini, ebekwe inkanyezi ekukhangiseni, waba inkanyezi emenyiwe yemibukiso eminingana ye-TV. Ngo-1949-1951, iComedian yabamba amakhonsathi "BESTER Keaton Comedy Show" no "Bhasi Kiton Khombisa". Isibukeli samkhumbula futhi sazisa kakhulu ithalente lomdlali.
Ngawo-1960, iKiton yaphinde yaphinde yaba inkanyezi yezikrini zethelevishini. Ifilimu lakhe lagcwaliswa ngama-ribbons "emhlabeni wonke izinsuku ezingama-80", "lobu buhlanya, obuhlanya, izwe" elihlanyayo "nabanye.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
U-Kiton washeshe wabizwa ngokuthi yi-asOcial. Wayengenandaba nokuthandwa kwakhe, futhi wakhetha ngokucophelela. Uma umuntu eseqale ukuba ngumngane weKiton, ubukhali obucashile waqala umngani omusha. Ubudlelwano bezothando nabalingisi BISTER akwakhekanga. Wakhangwa amantombazane ajwayelekile kanye nama-intrigis amafushane. Wahamba umfazi futhi wathakazela bonke abesifazane abazungezile. Umhlahlankulu wayekhanga, futhi umzimba wakhe wasala ngendlela ebonga amaqhinga we-acrobatic.
Umbhikisho wathambisa i-baseball, wakhetha isidlo sasekuseni esishisayo ekuseni futhi akathandanga ukunikeza inhlolokhono.
Ngo-1921, ufuna ukusungula impilo yomuntu siqu, uKyton washada nentsha uNatalie Tolmaj. Umshado onesizotha wabeka ukuqala kokudalwa komndeni. 2 Amadodana azalelwa kuwo: UJosefa noRobert. Umkakhe, izingane kanye nabazali baqondise esithombeni esithi "Umoya Wezihambi". Kancane kancane, inhlala-kahle esebhangqa yafika ekugcineni.
Ngemuva kwesitatimende, uNatalie ngokuphothulwa kwempilo yabo eseduze, isibhenge saqala ukuguquka. Ukuhlukana noshade naye kwaqedwa nge-SWOP futhi ngiphuze umshado nomhlengikazi Mei Skreven.
Impumputhe elandelayo ayizange ishiye umbono wabangane bomlingisi, ngokushesha wazibuza imali. Ngo-1934 kwadingeka ngiphinde ngiqale umsebenzi omusha futhi ngibuyele kwimali ekhokhwa ngama- $ 100 nakwesidlo sasemini. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, i-sauna yahlukaniswa nonkosikazi wesibili.
Izimo zamphoqa ukuthi abukeze isikhundla sokuphila, izimo zengqondo zabesifazane, abadlali nemali ekhokhwayo. Amaqembu anomdlalo ebhulohweni kwaba yintokozo yakhe kuphela. Kwenye yazo, iKiton yahlangana no-Eleanor Norris, eyayineminyaka engama-21 ubudala. Ngo-1937 umshado wabo wenzeka.
Intombazane yakwazi ukubuyisa umlingisi empilweni. Izilaleli nomphakathi ochwepheshe wakhumbula ngeKiton. Umnotho ka-Eleanor kanye necala elikhulayo elishisayo babavumela ukuthi bathenge indlu, ubungane bubuyisele ukuxhumana namadodana nakabazukulu baka.
Ukushona
Iqiniso lokuthi umlingisi uyagula umdlavuza wamaphaphu, akazange asole kuze kube izinsuku zokugcina zokuphila. Lesi sifo sasebenza njengokufa. UKiton waqhubeka nokusebenza kuze kube sekububula kokugcina, futhi izimpawu zalesi sifo zathatha i-bronchitis. Ukufa kwendlu yakhe ezandleni zomkakhe ngoFebhuwari 1, 1966.
Ngokukhumbula i-comic ne-Director enhle, izithombe ezihleliwe kanye nama-cornocartes akhe ama-movie asala. I-BISTER ayikaze imomotheke kunoma iyiphi ithephu ngaphandle kwefilimu ethi "Koni-Island", enyatheliswa ngo-1917.
Abagxeki basaqhathanise noChartera Kiton noCharlie Chaplin, bahlaziya ukubambisana kwabo ku-pianist kanye ne-violistist duet, imililo yemililo, ama-golf umos, "izinkanyezi phambi kwamehlo akho." Bahlotshaniswa nomncintiswano oqinile, ubudlelwane obufudumele kanye nomzila omkhulu e-cinema kwesokunxele ngumsebenzi wokuphatha nokuqondisa umsebenzi.
Izics
- Ngo-1917 - "Umsizi Wokububula"
- 1920 - "ScareCrow"
- Ngo-1920 - "Isonto elilodwa"
- 1922 - "Frosty North"
- 1924 - "I-Navigator"
- 1924 - Sherlock Jr.
- Ngo-1927 - "Jikelele"
- 1928 - "I-Steamer Bill Jr."
- 1928 - "Cameraman"
- 1952 - "Izibani zeRampa"
- 1956 - "Emhlabeni wonke izinsuku ezingama-80"
- Ngo-1963 - "Lokhu kuhlanya, ukuhlanya, ukuhlanya, uhlanya umhlaba"