I-Biograge
UVladimir Borovikovsky - Umdwebi, umbhali wemifanekiso, ama-miniatures kanye nezimpawu. Ungummeleli wokumiswa kobuciko be-Russian Visual yekhulu le-18. Isici sendlela yomdwebi wezinhlungu kwakuwukujaha imizwa eyatholwa iqhawe lesithombe, kanye nemizwa eyayikwaziyo. Ngokuphikisana nokuthambekela okujwayelekile kwe-borovikovsky inkathi emisebenzini akubhekwanga kwimifanekiso esemthethweni echaza ubuntu bomlingiswa.
Ukhuluma ngemvelo, izindinganiso zabantu nemizwa eyazibonakalisa kude nomphakathi, kaningi emvelweni. Izithombe zalo mculi zihambisana nezithunzi ezilula, amathoni aguqukayo, imizwa ye-lyrical kanye nokuphupha. Unokuthuna kubhekisele kubuntu, ukusula usizi lwethenda nokuncibilika.
Ubuntwana nentsha
UVladimir Lukich Borovikovsky wazalwa ngoJulayi 24 (Agasti 4) ka-1757 edolobheni lase-Ukraine laseMirgorod. INdodana yesifo esiphuthumayo yayingabasebenzi bezempi futhi yaqeda umsebenzi wakhe osezingeni eliphakeme kaLieutenant, ngemuva kwalokho kwahlala ezweni lakubo. Umzali kaBorovikovsky nabafowethu uVasily no-Ivan bahlatshwa umxhwele ubuciko futhi basebenza ngokudala izithonjana zamathempeli endawo. Lokhu kwakuyinhloso neVladimir. Kepha umphefumulo wensizwa ikakhulukazi walala ekwakhiweni kwemidwebo. Babonisa ukuthambekela kokumiswa, okufanele ubuciko be-Ukraine yaleyo minyaka.
Umdwebi wakudala wasiza ingozi. Ngo-1787, idolobhana lakubo lavakashela e-Empress Ekaterina II. Ukuya eningizimu, wavakashela eProngrod edlula. Umholi wesifundazwe we-vasility kaVasily Kopnisy wayala amaphaneli ama-borovikovsky ama-2 esigodlo sokuhamba, lapho uhulumeni azi ukuthi uzoma khona.
Ezithombeni kwakuyizimo ezithandekayo, amaqhawe awo ayephumelela, ukuxhumana namaGrikhi, noPeter ngesimo se-pahahar, nokulandelana kwakhe endimeni yalowo ohlwanyelayo. UCatherine ulinganise ithalente lomlobi futhi wayala ukuba afunde eSt. Isikhungo se-Academy of ACASTSAIRT -TY EKUQALENI ASIKHONA UKUTHENGA NGEMINYAKA. Wabe eseqala ukuthatha izifundo kumdwebi wenkantolo, e-Austrian Johann Lang, ne-Acatimian Dmitry Levitsky.
Ithalente lobuciko obubonayo necala lenhlanhla livume umculi ukuthi afezeke. I-borovikovsky inamabala. Umbhali onesizotha wabhala imidwebo eminingi ekuceleni amakhasimende aphezulu. Wayehlala endlini kaNikolai Lviv, umakhi wezakhiwo nembongi, eyayivikela. ULviv waba ngumhlahlandlela we-borovik empilweni yamasiko enhloko-dolobha, esiza ukuthuthukisa indlela yakhe eyingqayizivele, lapho kwakungekho ndawo yokukopisha nokulingisa.
Ngo-1798, umeluleki womculi uHalf wasuka e-Austria, eshiya umfundi abe ngumfundi weMilion atholakala kuMilion Street. Kuyo, umdwebi wadala iningi lomsebenzi.
Ukudala
Ngo-1794, ngenxa yalokho engimaziyo ngegceke elilinganisiwe, uBorovikovsky wahlonishwa ngokubhala isithombe se-Empress. Ngakho-ke isithombe esibizwa ngokuthi "Catherine II sokuhamba epaki ye-Tsarskoye" kwavela. Lesi sithombe sichaze uMbusi oseChamber Atmosphere nasesithombeni esinesizotha. Umdwebo omkhulu wabukeka nje futhi ngasikhathi sinye esihle. Ngomsebenzi ngo-1795, umdwebi wanikezwa isihloko se-Academian.
Amahemuhemu ngaye adluliswa emlonyeni aye emlonyeni, futhi umdwebi wafunwa. Umbhali osebenza kanzima uthole ama-oda amaningi avela kuma-specials aphezulu. Ubhale okufanekisa kwabesifazane nabesilisa, enikeza isinqumo esijwayelekile senhlanganisela, kodwa ukusebenza kahle ekuhanjisweni kwezinhlamvu zabalingiswa. Ukushiywa kwesokunxele, uBorovikovsky wabhala ngendlela ehlukile kunakwesokudla, kepha izincazelo zenqubo azishiyanga.
Le ndoda yasheshe yaduma futhi ngo-1802 kade yaba ngumeluleki kwi-Academy of ACTS. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi akazange abe yinkosi yasenkantolo, emphakathini wezwe, umdwebi wajabulela indawo yabantu abagunyaziwe. Kwakunemfashini kuye emphakathini. Amaqhawe emisebenzi akhipha uMaria Fedorovna, uPaul Mina kanye nezingane zabo, amabhulashi omlobi angawona "imidwebo kaMaria Lopukhina", "kuveza u-Elena Naryshkin". Esithombeni sabesifazane, umculi wakwazi ukudlulisa i-trapay, izinkondlo zemvelo emincane futhi athinte isithombe esithinta inhliziyo.
Umsebenzi weBorovikovsky wawubunjiwe. Ubhale imidwebo ebabazekayo kanye nama-miniatures, adlulela ngalé kokuqonda kanye nezitayela ezibhekene nokushintshwa kwenkathi yezobuciko. Emisebenzini yale minyaka bekukhona izici ze-classicism ne-amp. Izithombe ze-Parade ziyaziswa phakathi kwezikhulu ezisezingeni eliphakeme. I-Proplomatar Alexander Kurakin yanikeza "imidwebo yePrince Kurakina" 700 ama-ruble. Alukho umeluleki ongakhokhelwa omncane ku-Dmitry Trochinsky nasePrince Murtaz Kuli khan.
UVladimir Borovikovsky umenywe ukuthi uzosebenza ekwakhiweni kweKazan Cathedral, eyathatha kuze kube ngu-1811. Lo mculi wawusenkabeni yokuxakeka kwenkantolo, ngakho-ke lapho enikezwa umsebenzi, isibongo sakhe savela hhayi phambili. Ngomsebenzi wesikhathi eside, wathola indandatho yedayimane, kanti amanye ayephana. Ngakho-ke kwaqala ukushona kwelanga inkazimulo yomdwebi wezinhlungu.
Imfashini isishintshe ngokushesha, velmazby yathola amagama amasha ngokwabo. Ikhono leBorovikovsky lahlala lingashintshiwe, kepha bekungafani ngaye, futhi umbhali wayeka ukuvakashela imicimbi yasenkantolo. Akasabhaleli okuvelele. Manje umculi wawuthatha umdwebo wenkolo nothando lokufikelwa yimfihlakalo.
Iqiniso Elijabulisayo: UBorovikovsky wayeyilungu le-Masonic Lodge ye-Sphinx efayo ngaphansi kobuholi baka-Alexander Labzin. Kwabonakala kuye kanye nemeluleki yakhe uLevitsky. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, umdwebi washiya isiyingi, kodwa ngemuva kwalokho wabhekisela enkampanini ethi "Yokomoya Lenyunyana" Catherine Tatarinova.
Ubuqambi bombhali baqambe amanga umugqa ngesiko lokuqondisa kwesimo. I-lyricity kanye nomoya wemidwebo yomculi isici esihlukile sendlela yakhe eyanquma inkathi ekudwebeni kwekhulu le-19. Imisebenzi yakhe yayingokoqobo ukwedlula imidwebo yabanduleli. Izibalo ezikhonjiswe ethangeni lemvelo zaba yicala ngokuqhathaniswa ne-Integrated Phezu kwendawo.
Ukukhanya emibhalweni kwavela kwahlakazwa, futhi i-halo of assysessnessness kanye nezimfumbe zazibalulekile phezu kwabalingiswa. Ubucwebe besifazane kanye namagugu ahlala bekhanya, ukuthungwa kwezindwangu kudlula emcebweni we-satin ne-velvet, kepha imibala yayingenakugwenywa futhi iphansi, eyayikhulisa izembatho zokunethezeka. Usebenzisa ukwamukelwa okujwayelekile kwendabuko ngemikhuba yalo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uBorovikovsky waqala ukubhala ngendlela enobunzima obuncane. Emisebenzini yakhe kwakungekho mqondo owedlule.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
I-Biography kaVladimir Borovikovsky yayihlangene kakhulu nento yakhe ethandekayo ayengagxili empilweni yakhe. Le ndoda ibilokhu inesizungu, futhi ngemuva kokulahleka kwentshisekelo evela enkampanini kuyo yonke yaba cishe. Ukuzifungela wena ku-Mysticism akulethi impumelelo, futhi umlobi, ngokushiya isithombe seziza zenkolo, wachitha ngaso sonke isikhathi e-workshop.
Umculi wayengenaye umfazi nezingane. Wabhalela i-Ukraine e-Ukraine ukuthi umphakathi wakhe wenza umpheki kanye nabafundi, ababeka indawo yokuhlala endlini yakhe. Enye yezinsizwa kwakungu-Alexey Venetsianov, kamuva waba ngumculi odumile.
Kancane kancane, emphefumulweni weBorovikovsky, wephule ukuphazamiseka okufuthelwe isizungu futhi akhohlwe emphakathini. Wayengumlutha wokuphuza. Ukuba ngumuntu ophanayo, umdwebi wawungenamali enkulu, yize ngisho nangeminyaka yokufunwa, ekwazile ukuthola okuhle. Indawo ezungezile yamangala ngokupha kwakhe. Amaphasela ayevame ukuthunyelwa ezweni lawo, abampofu bagcwala efulethini ngeMigqibelo futhi bathola njalo izipho.
Ukushona
Imbangela yokufa komculi kwakuwukuphazamiseka kwe-myocardial. UVladimir Borovikovsky ushone ngo-Ephreli 1825 eSt. Petersburg.
Ithuna lahlelwa emathuneni amaSmolensk, kodwa ku-1931ST AREDIED SUSS. Badluliselwe ku-Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Njengesikhumbuzo, sasebenzisa iGrantstone, sibeka ethuneni ngokushesha ngemuva kokufa: i-sarcophagus yemigodi ehlotshiswe ngamapulangwe kabhubesi.
Imidwebo
- 1790 - "Ukuzalwa kukaKristu"
- 1794 - "I-Arkhangel Mikhail"
- 1797 - "Portait of M. I. Lopukhina"
- 1800 - "Imidwebo kaPaul I"
- Ngo-1811 - "Izithombe zeGavrille Romanovich Derzhavina"
- Ngo-1812 - "I-Germain de Stelle"
- Ngo-1814 - "UTsarina Alexander no-Archikacon Stefan"
- Ngo-1814 - "Izithombe ze-Empress Elizabeth Alekseevna"
- Ngo-1820 - "Imidwebo yenkondlo yaseRussia Alexander Baratynsky"