I-Biograge
Ngo-2018, ifilimu elithi "Mary Poppins libuya" ezikrinini ze-cinema zaphuma, zihlungiwe ngokususelwa ezindabeni ezinhle ezenziwe ngumlobi waseBrithani we-Australia Pamela Trever.
Akuningi owaziyo ukuthi ngaphambi kokubhala incwadi, owesifazana owabizwa ngokuthi uHelen Lindon Goaff, wadlala enkundleni yemidlalo, wabe eseqala umsebenzi weshashalazi, wabe eseqala i-Cally wahamba nge-polim, eqoqa izinto ezibonakalayo. Imininingwane esele ye-biography yomlobi wendaba mayelana nama-supermans ayinqaba njengemisebenzi yakhe. Isikhathi esincane sempilo yombhali sikhonjiswa emsebenzini womqondisi uJohn Lee Hancock "asindisa Mr. Banks".
Ubuntwana nentsha
IPamela Travers, ngokuzalwa kanye negama likaHelen Lindon Goff, lazalwa ngo-Agasti 9, 1899 edolobheni laseMaryborough, elisendaweni yaseBrithani yangaphambili yaseBrithani. Ubaba udabule uRobert Hoff usebenze njengomphathi wezezimali, futhi umama uMargaret uxoxa ngomshana wesikhulu esisendaweni esezingeni eliphezulu eyayithunyelwe nguNdunankulu.
Iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila kombhali wesikhathi esizayo yadlula endlini ethokomele epholile ezungezwe abazali abanothando, odade nezinceku ezincane. Kepha ngo-1905, isisebenzi sasebhange sehlisiwe, futhi umndeni kwadingeka uye ekhaya elincane.
Ngaphandle kokubhekana nobunzima bezimali, umdala uHoff wayengumlutha wotshwala futhi ngo-1907 washona evela ekuhlanjweni kwesifo sokuwa. Emva kwalokho, uMargaret kanye nezingane wazinza empumalanga ye-Australia, endlini ka-Austria, owayejabule ngokukhuliswa kwabazukulu futhi washeshe wathumela uLindon ebhodini langasese ebizayo e-Ehfield.
Intombazane efundise ukufunda eneminyaka engu-3 ubudala, ayizange ihambisane ngokushesha esikhungweni semfundo esisha. Unesithukuthezi ezifundweni, wayevame ukuthola izixwayiso ezivela kothisha ngobuvila kanye nesimo sengqondo sokungabekezeleli izifundo. Ngenxa yalokhu, umqondisi wendlu ebhodini wavumela uLindi ukuthi azenzele umtapo wezincwadi futhi wayala ukuba idonsele izimo zokusebenza kwesikole. Kuleli phuzu kuqhubeke, umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wahehwa yimidlalo yaseshashalazini futhi waqala ukuphupha ngomsebenzi we-actress.
Lapho isikhathi sezivivinyo zokugcina zifika, umndeni wakwaHoff wawuseduze kokuqothuka, futhi esikhundleni sokuya egoli kwelitshe, uLyndon kwadingeka ukuba athole umsebenzi. Imisebenzi yentombazane eyi-stenographer ihlanganiswe namakilasi eSydney's Ballet Studio, futhi ngesikhathi sayo samahhala, izinkundla zemidlalo yendawo zihlala zivakashelwe, zingaphuthelwa i-Premiere.
Ngenxa yamakhono atholwe ezifundweni zomdanso, futhi ithalente lokuzalwa lomuntu osemusha kwakunenhlanhla yokungena eTroupe Allan Wilki, ochwepheshe ekukhiqizeni imidlalo ye-William Shakespeare. Lapho, umlingisi wokuqala, ukuklebhula ubuhlobo nomndeni wakhe ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe, wenqaba owakhe isibongo futhi wathatha i-Pseudonym Pamela Lindon Travers.
Ukwahlulela ngesithombe esigciniwe, eMnyakeni Wezentsha uLindon wayenobuhle, ngokwengxenye, ngenxa yalokho, umlingisi wayalwa ukuba adlale izindima eziyinhloko, okwakuyi-titanium ekusebenzeni kwakudala " Ubusuku bokulala ". Ngasikhathi sinye, uPamela, owayenezindatshana eziningana emithwalweni ephrintiwe yincwadi yezindaba yase-Australia "Bulletin", wanquma ukuzibandakanya ebuntantazini futhi waqala ukubhala izinkondlo nokubuyekezwa kwabezindaba zendawo.
Izincwadi
Ukwakha incwadi yakho yokubhala, abanambitheki baphenduka intatheli futhi baqala ukuthola ama-oda kumaphephandaba nomagazini kazwelonke. Umsebenzi wobuciko kancane kancane wathuthela ngemuva, futhi intokazi yanquma ukuhamba futhi ithole okuvelayo kwemisebenzi yezemibhalo yesikhathi esizayo.
Ngo-1924, uPamela enkampanini yentombi waya eNgilandi, wabe eseya e-Ireland, lapho ngenxa yesizathu esithile aqala ukufihla ubuzwe bakhe nemvelaphi yakhe. Iminyaka eminingana, abadayisi babesebenza njengombhali wezincwadi zase-Australia ezwenikazi futhi bathumela njalo izihloko ezinomdlandla ngokuphila eYurophu ezweni lakubo.
Abafundi baseBrithani bajwayelane nomsebenzi wezintatheli ngenxa yezincwadi ku-Magazine yase-Ireland, umhleli wawo oyinhloko uGeorge William Russell. UPamela waba abangane nomshicileli futhi ngaphansi kwethonya lemibono yakhe ye-toosophical baqala ukubhala imisebenzi emincane, lapho umqondo edlulela ngawo ngaphesheya kwemikhawulo yengqondo yomuntu.
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho indaba yokuqala ibizwa nge- "Mary Poppins kanye nomthengisi wemidlalo", lapho i-nanny emangalisayo, ewile ezulwini, ngosizo lomlingo luphakamisa izingane ezingaphumuli zikaMnu. Kanye noNkk Banks. Le ndaba, ephrintiwe iphephandaba ilanga ngoNovemba 1926, ayizange ibe nempumelelo enkulu, kepha umbhali wasithanda isithombe esisunguliwe sikaMariya Poppins, asinqume ukubhala lonke uchungechunge lwezinganekwane ezinhle nge-cherry Street.
Lokhu kubhala kwethula abadayisi kwimibuthano ebhaliwe ye-Ireland, futhi ngokushesha wayazi kahle kwakuyinto yokudlala kanye nomlingo, umklomelo we-William Batler's Nobel Disple. Umlobi wayehlala enesifiso selinye izwe futhi akazange alalele wonke amagama embongi yase-Ireland edumile. Wandisa ulwazi lwayo lwe-Celtic Mythology futhi wafunda inani elikhulu lezincwadi ezinikezelwe kuBuddhism naseHindu.
Usevele wacela ukusekelwa kukaJeate nabanye ababhali base-Ireland, ngo-1932 uPamela wanquma ukubhala incwadi ekhuluma ngeSoviet Russia futhi wahamba uhambo oluya eMoscow, uNizhny Novgorod noLeningrad.
Ngesikhathi sohambo, uPamela wahlola ukubona futhi wabona ukuthi akazange akukhombise le nto yangempela yaseRussia. Okudumele ngalesi simo, intatheli yashicilela uchungechunge lwezinto ezintsha zaseNew York ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Moscow Excursion" futhi ngenxa yezitatimende ezibucayi zezakhamizi zaseSoviet zithole udumo kubafundi baseMelika.
Ukubuyela eNtshonalanga, abadayisi baphinde baphendukela ezinganekwaneni, kwathi ngo-1934 umhlaba wolimi lwesiNgisi wahlangana nokuqhubeka komlando we-Mary Poppins. Incwadi equkethe umzekeliso omibalabala kaMary Shepard ngokushesha yaba yimpumelelo kwezentengiselwano futhi yathandwa. Kodwa-ke, umbhali wayekholelwa ukuthi izilaleli azange zizwe ngokuphelele okuqukethwe kwangaphakathi komsebenzi, kuthathwe ngohlobo lwezindaba zezingane.
Ukuqhubeka namasiko othisha base-Ireland - ama-theosophists kanye nokushumayela imibono ye-esoteric, evelile ngemuva kokuhlola imfihlakalo george gurdjieff, uPamela wazama ukukhombisa ukuthi izimangaliso zitholakala nje.
Lo mcabango wawuthanda umnikazi weFilm Studio Walt Distey, ngo-1956 wathenga ilungelo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo zezincwadi zakhe kuPamela. Ifilimu, lapho umlingisi uJulie Andrews adlala khona indima kaMariya Poppins, waba ngomunye wemiculo emihle kakhulu yaleso sikhathi futhi etholwe amagama ayi-13 kanye nemiklomelo emi-5 ye-American Academy of CineMatographic Arts and Sciences of CineMatographic and Science.
Ngokuzayo, i-nanny-magistian yavela kwizikrini Ngenxa yemizamo yoMqondisi weSoviet uLeonid Queinimidze, kwathi ngonyaka ka-2019, uMariya Poppins, waphinde waqokwa ngu-Oscar ezigabeni "Umculo omuhle kakhulu "kanye" nomqondisi ongcono kakhulu "womdwebi."
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ama-Pamelars acishe acishe anikeze ingxoxo, azame ukungamemezeli imininingwane yempilo yakhe, futhi ngalesi sizathu kwathiwa amanoveli amaningi nabesilisa nabesifazane. Kwakunamahlebezi okuthi iminyaka eminingi umbhali wayesebudlelwaneni nendodakazi kaFrancis Bernard, iMadge.
Kusukela ngo-1927 kuya ku-1934, izintombi zazihlala efulethini linye eLondon, zabe sezithuthela e-East Sussex futhi zasusa indlu encane enophahla ngotshani kanye nengadi.
Ngasikhathi sinye, uPamela wathola imizwa eyi-plotony yomngane nomeluleki uGeorge Russell, kwathi isikhathi esithile sahlangana ne-Playboat Francis McNanar. Akekho noyedwa kulobu budlelwano obeholele emshadweni, futhi emdala emdala, impilo yakhe yonke yaphupha ngendoda nezingane zakhe, yanquma ukwamukela. Ngokweseluleko sezinkanyezi, umlobi ushaye umzukulu womlobi weDublin kanye nesazi-mlando uJosefa Gon.
Kuyathakazelisa iqiniso lokuthi ingane yokutholwa yayinomfowethu onamawele, lapho uPamela azi kahle kahle. Ukuthatha umfana oyedwa kuphela, ukuhanjiswa kwathatha ukukhuliswa kweCamillaus, ukufihla imininingwane ngemvelaphi yakhe yangempela. Eminyakeni engu-17 kuphela, yathola ngengozi ukuthi wayenomfowethu womdabu.
Lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kokuthi u-Anthony Gon afike eLondon nasesimweni sokudakwa ephukile embusweni womlobi, afuna ukuthandwa kukaCamillaus. UPamela ukhishwe ngaphandle kweGrubian, kodwa akakwazanga ukufihla lokhu kuvakashelwa ngendodana.
Ukuxabana nonina, le nsizwa yaphuma endlini futhi kwelinye lama-pubs ekugcineni yahlangana neTwin Brother. Lo mhlangano usubulale izithambiso zomndeni. Emva kwakhe kwaqala ukuphuza ama-camille, wandiza eyunivesithi waqala waqala ukuhola impilo exakile.
Inhliziyo kaPamela yaphulwa, kepha ngenxa yokuzindla nokulandela izivumelwano zothisha, yathola amandla okubuyisela futhi yafundisa izincwadi emanyuvesi amaNgisi nase-Ireland ukumdala.
Ukushona
Ekupheleni kwempilo kaPamela uvaliwe ngokwakhe futhi akuvamile ukuxhumana nezintatheli nabalandeli. Ngaphambi kokuba afe, weza nendodana ekhulisa ingane, kodwa uMbuso wakhe wafundza bazukulu.
Ngenxa yemikhuba yokuzindla eyasiza ekufezeni ukuvumelana kanye nokulinganisela kwengqondo, abahamba phambili bahlala ekugugeni futhi eminyakeni engama-96 buthule bashonile eLondon 23, 1996. Odokotela abazange bakhuphule ukuxilongwa okunembile, kodwa kwacatshangwa ukuthi imbangela yokufa kwaba ukwenqaba okujwayelekile kwemisebenzi yomzimba.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1926 - "Mary Poppins kanye nomthengisi wemidlalo"
- Ngo-1934 - "I-Moscow Exposion"
- Ngo-1934 - "Mary Poppins"
- 1935 - "" UMariya Poppins uyabuya "
- Ngo-1944 - "Ama-Mary Poppins avula umnyango"
- Ngo-1962 - "Mary Poppins kusuka ku-A kuye ku-Z"
- Ngo-1962 - "Fox emkhombeni"
- 1971 - Monkey Monkey
- Ngo-1980 - "Amabili Wezicathulo"