Biography
UChristopher Telkien wayengunyana wombhali odumileyo uYohane Tolkien, obhale incwadi ethi "Hobbit, okanye inkosi yamakhonkco". U-Lingoist, umhleli we-Vidas uNovelisi wasebenza kwiincwadi kwaye wasebenza kwimisebenzi, eyayingenalo ixesha lokupapasha utata osaziwayo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UChristopher Johl Rolkien wazalelwa e-UK kwaye waba ngunyana wesithathu wombhali osiko nenkosikazi yakhe uEdith Bratt. Ukubopha ngoNovemba 21, 1924, umntwana wakhulela enxulumathe kubazalwana, engazi ubuntwana obungaphantsi kunye nengxaki.
Emva kweendlalifa eziphezulu, uJohn noMikayeli, umntwana waya esikolweni eOxford, emva koko wangena kwiKholeji yezithethi, eyayimele isikolo samaKatolika. Apho waphumelela kwintsimi yoncwadi kunye nobugcisa kunye nombulelo kwiitalente zendalo zaba ngumnini wamabhaso aliqela.
Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II, uChristopher, elandela umzekelo womzali odumileyo, wangena kumkhosi wasebukhosini kwicandelo le-Air Force. Wadlula kwizifundo zabaqhubi beenqwelomoya kwaye waba ligosa lesitokhwe, apho de basebenze ngokukhuselekileyo.
Ngokutsho kweefotokopi zamaxwebhu, uTolkien waphinda wabhala kwakhona nabazali bakhe abagxeka isenzo seJamani, esasitshabalalisa amawaka abantu. Walandela umbono kaYise ukuba umhlaba ulawulwa lihlabathi, kwaye ugcine le meko yexesha elide.
Emva kokuphela kobutshaba, uChristopher wadaniswa emkhosini, ephethe iholide kwidolophu yakhe, waya kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford. Wafunda isiNgesi noncwadi kunye ne-comrades kwikholejini yekholeji kwaye wafumana isidanga se-bachelor eneminyaka engama-25 ubudala.
Ukufuna ukuqhubeka nokufunda kunye nokuphucula kwicandelo leelwimi, uTolkien wasala kwizifundo ezongeziweyo ezazisa idiploma yesi-2. Emva koko wajoyina isangqa sentsapho, owababonisa abafundi kunye nabagxeki, kwaye bajoyina uluntu "olunokubakho", luyenziwa nguYise.
Ebutsheni bakhe, impembelelo enkulu ekumiselweni kobuntu bukaChristopher yanikezelwa yimisebenzi yomzali, iqinisekisiwe kuqala njengentsomi yabantwana. Washiya i-adventure yokufika kwe-adventun ye-bilbo, ezinye zazo zabhalwa kwaye zagcinwa de kwanamhlanje.
Iincwadi
Ibhayilohu yabantu abadala be-Oxford yamiselwa kwangaphambili kwaye yaqala ngemisebenzi yokuHlela kunye nokuguqulela. Uye watyelela uMbutho wengxoxo apho kwaxoxwa eze misebenzi yanamhlanje kwaye wanceda ababhali ukuba bangene kumjikelo woncwadi.Phakathi kweTelkien i-Telkien yobuqhetseba yayingu-Cevel Steisz Lewis noCharles Banfield, Roy Campbell, eColin Hardy kunye ne-Adam Food. Aba bantu bangeenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkolo, kodwa batshintshiselane ngenkuthalo kwaye bobonakalisa ukukhula okubizayo.
Nanini na xa ndingena kwihlabathi lemisebenzi emiyisi, uChristopher wachukumisa umhle kwaye wenza incasa yobugcisa. Ukuhamba kwexesha, waba kukugxekwa okungagungqiyo, onike icebiso kwaye akanantloni ngokuvakalisa iimvakalelo zakhe.
Inzala kaMdali weMeditera yayihlala ithetha nomzali wakhe kwaye yamnceda ekuhluleleni izicatshulwa kunye nokudala amakhadi amakhulu. Uphuhliso olucacileyo lwesicwangciso sendalo ngentendelezo, uGondra noArchur bafuna ingqalelo engasemva, ixesha kunye nabasebenzi.
I-Tolkien yengqondo ezizimeleyo yaba "saga malunga ne-hervy kunye ne-heidrek" eguqulelwe kwi-Icelandic kwaye yapapashwa kwi-60s. Kwintshayelelo eyongezelelekileyo kunye nezimvo ezivela kwithuba lebali, umbhali wavakalisa iingcinga zakhe malunga nehlabathi lembali lamandulo.
Uncwadi lwashiya indawo yemisebenzi yeDathagogical, kwaye uChristopher waba ngunjingalwazi kwi-Oxford, elandela iinyawo zikaYise. Wayeyonwabela ihlonitshwe ngabafundi ngolwazi oluninzi kunye nobuchule kwingxabano yesayensi ukumamela amaqela ukuya esiphelweni.
Ngo-1975, kushiya isebe leyunivesithi, uChristopher, ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwabantu abanentliziyo efanayo, behlela kwiincwadi zokuhlela. Ugqibezele isilutha, owayengagqibi ngumzali wakhe waza wapapasha "imbali yeMeditera", esebenzisa idrafti yombhali.
Ukuba ngumbonisi woncwadi woncwadi lukaJohn Tolkina, unyana waqokelela yonke imibhalo-ngqangi ye-2000s. Ke kwabakho ibali "labantwana bakaHiden" kunye noRoma "uBeron" uBeren noLutin ", kunye nomsebenzi" wokuwa kwe-gondoline ", owaba ngumdlalo wokugqibela kayise.
Ukongeza, i-bibliografi ye-bibliografi yagcwaliswa ngencwadi engakhange ihambelane ne-meditera epapashiweyo phantsi kwegama "Intsomi yeSigurd kunye ne-Gudrun". Inkangeleko yakhe itsalela ingqalelo yamawaka amaqela avela emzimbeni wembali, kwaye ingxolo engazange ibonwe kwingxolo yoluntu.
Kwakufutshane ngaphambili, uPeter Jackson wacela ukuvalwa kweencwadi zikaTolkina, apho iindima zenziwa yi-IAN MCCEllen noChristopher Lee. I-Elaja Wood, i-viggo fersen, i-vigno bloom kunye ne-Dominic Mosagan idlale amalungu omlingo kunye nabemi bomhlaba wentsomi.
Iifilimu ezifumene amagama abatyunjiweyo zabangela ukuba uChristopher ungonelelo, oqwalasele ukuba umsebenzi wembali waguquka waba ngumlo olula. Wazama ukuyekisa ukuthotywa kokucofa okukhulu kwinkundla, kodwa, ngaphandle kwamalungelo okulungelelanisa i-rilogy, ekugqibeleni, akukho nto ifikelelweyo.
Ngo-2009, kwavela imbambano efanayo kunye ne "Hobbit", kodwa i-cinema entsha ye-cinema ikwazile ukwala ibango. Ukuveliswa kweziqendu ezi-3 kusongelwa kakhulu, ukuhlonipha uluvo lwendlalifa yombhali kwaye ungafuni ukuya emngciphekweni.
Ubomi Buqu
Kubomi bobuqu eChristopher Telkien, bekukho umtshato wama-2 osemthethweni, kodwa wonwaba ngokwenene eFrance kuMbutho wokugqibela. Iklasi yeBilly yanceda umyeni wakhe ekusebenzeni kwimo yemibhalo, kunye nezicatshulwa kunye namakhadi atshintshiwe.
Unjingalwazi kunye nolwimi wayenonyana ukusuka kwiqabane lokuqala elaziwa njengombhali, igqwetha kunye nomcebisi wefilimu. Waxabana nomzali wakhe ngenxa yokusebenzisana nabasebenzi befilimu, bagqwetha umbono kaJohn Tolkien kunye noonobumba bakhe babuthathaka.
Abanye abantwana, uRakeli kunye noAdam, uChristopher wayexhase ubudlelwane, kwaye bahlala besendlwini, kwintsimi yendawo yokuhlala. Isihloko esinqabileyo siqwalaselwe ukuba sikhutshiwe ngefilimu, nokuba kwenzeka ntoni, senziwe kwaye sibethe isikrini esikhulu.
Ukufa
NgoJanuwari 16, 2020, ushicilelo lwe-var-matin wanikela ingxelo yokuba uNyana woJohn Tolkina wasweleka esibhedlele sommandla owahlukileyo. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, ukusukela ebuntwaneni ifumene iingxaki zentliziyo, kwaye unobangela wokubhubha ozinzileyo wawubetha okuqinileyo.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1980 - "Iintsomi ze-neococora ze-matnora kunye neMeditera"
- Ngo-1983-1996 - "Imbali yeMeditera"
- Ngo-2007 - "Abantwana bakaHidiyo"
- Ngo-2009 - "Intsomi yeSigurd kunye neGudrun"
- Ngo-2013 - "Aka i-Arthur"
- Ngo-2017 - "uBeren noLutin"
- Ngo-2018 - "Drop Gondolina"