Imbali yomlinganiswa
Ijoni lokuthunga-iqhawe lemisebenzi emininzi ye-satirical eyenziwe yi-Czech Classic Yaroslav i-Gehekom. I-thessay ye-thessay enemibala egudileyo, amabali amangalisayo axelwa ngumlinganiswa, achaze iinyani ezinxulumene nobomi beRiphabliki yaseCzech baqala ukuqala kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini enkulungwane ye-tentieth wayenzela iNcwadi yaBafundi abaninzi.Imbali yendalo yempawu
Phakathi kwezinto ezikhulu, iingcinga ezahlukeneyo zifakwa ukuba ingaba iHoshka Ho prototype. Ngokutsho komnye wabo, umfanekiso wejoni eli "joni" ngumhlangano, owenze iimpawu zeGrostee kunye neRoy. Enye imbono ibiza i-prototype ye-Emanuel inomdla, umlinganiswa womsebenzi we-satirical owenziwe nguIvan olbracht. I-Galhek yayiqhelene nombhali wababhali-hlezeli-bodwa baprintwe kwimagazini "inethiwekhi".
Kwinguqulelo yesithathu, uKisef kaJosef Schweik noFrantišlasika, ababekhonza njengeklasikhi ebizwa ngokuba ziiprototypes zejoni elinesibindi. NgoJosef, umbhali weza rhoqo iminyaka emininzi-kuqala kwiRiphabliki yaseCzech, emva koko ngeRussia ekuthinjweni. Umntu oqhelene nombhali "uboniswe" ngeqhawe lombhalo othile kunye nembonakalo, kwaye eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu - igama. UFrantishek, kunye nomlinganiswa wemisebenzi ye-garhek, wayedume ngenani elikhulu lemizekelo yobomi eboshwe kwimeko nganye.
I-Czech iklasi yeklasi icingisise ngokupheleleyo intetho yegorha. Lo mfanekiso "uyaphila" kunye nombulelo ongazenzisiyo ngokusetyenziswa kwejoni kwintetho yolwimi, amazwi abukhali, isigama esingaqhelekanga. Kumabinzana awathi uJosef, uthi, Zininzi iingcebiso ezikwiinyani zobomi boBukhosi base-Austro-Hungaria-ngoku uninzi lwazo luya kuba luncedo kumfundi ngaphandle kwamagqabantshintshi aneenkcukacha.
Umbhali akaxeli kwizicatshulwa malunga nokubonakala kwejoni. Ekuphela kwento eyaziwa ngumfundi yindlela yobuso bukaJosef-"ejikeleze i-physiornongmy, efanayo ne-knedlik." Khawufane ucinge ngomfanekiso wendlela ebonakalayo kuthetha umhlobo we-gambek, josef yobutsha. Umthendeleko wenze inani elikhulu lemifanekiso esebenzisa izinto ze-Yuggendille kunye neeCubi zezo. Kwizixeko ezininzi - i-St. Petersburg, iOdessa, i-LVV, i-ANAPA - amatye aqingqiweyo yejoni elinomtsalane asekwe namhlanje.
Umbhali wayengenalo ixesha lokugqiba inoveli ebomini. Ngesicelo somshicileli, inxalenye yokugqibela yenoveli yabhala i-czech yombhali kareal vanec. Kwakhona, umbhali weza nokuqhubeka kwe-adventure yeqhawe, ehambisa ezona ziganeko kwincwadi echaza ngobomi bukaYosefu kwi-Russian ekuthinjweni.
Ijoni le-schweik
Umfanekiso wesicaka saseCzech uvela kumabali adalwe ngumbhali ngo-1911. Emva koko iqhawe livele kumaphepha elibali elipapashwe ngo-1917. Kwaye ibali elipheleleyo lomlinganiswa ochwayitileyo lityhilwa kwinoveli engaphelelanga ye-schvek "yejoni elinesibindi le-schfear ngemfazwe yehlabathi." UJosef Schweikk usemncinci-kumabinzana esicatshulwa unokuthi ucinga ukuba ngexesha lezinto ezenziwa yinoveli, iqhawe limalunga neminyaka engama-30 ubudala.Kungekudala ngaphambi kokuqala kweMfazwe yeHlabathi, iqhawe elincinci, i-Czech ngobuzwe, izamile ukusebenzela, kodwa oogqirha bayamqonda 'ngoogqirha ", kwaye uYosefu wagxothwa. Ukusukela ngeli xesha, umlinganiswa waqala ukubandakanyeka kwintengiso yenja. Ngapha koko, yayithengisa amaqhekeza abiweyo, kunye neengcols, ezazinikezelwa ngenxa yemigudu ngenxa yenkohliso.
Xa ubuxoki buqale, i-Swiss kwakhona ibize ngaphambili. Ukuthathela ingqalelo iimpawu ezazinikezelwe ngaphambili koogqirha, iqhawe lithunyelwa ukuba lilwe nenyama "ye-cannon". Ngaphandle koburharha obuphuhliswa ngeli xesha, le ndoda itshisa kunye nomnqweno wokukhonza ilizwe. Nangona kunjalo, ingxolo, ukhokela ngokuthe ngqo ijoni ekuqaleni kwisikhululo samapolisa, emva koko uye endlwini ye-gene, kwaye emva kwegumbi lentolongo kunye nendawo ye-Groulant.
Emva, ukuhlala ePrague, umlinganiswa wacwangciswa njengamawele kumagosa amabini. Kodwa iziganeko zenziwa ukuze uJosef kufuneka abuye ngaphambili. Umfana uwela kumbutho wama-91, kwi-insent, apho akhonza khona ngaphambi kokuqala kwembambano. Abanye abalinganiswa abamangaliswa kukuba iingxaki ezibalulekileyo, ukufika kwejoni kubona nethemba elihle, ukufikelela kubugwenxa.
Imiyalelo enikezwe abasemagunyeni, igorha lenza inzondelelo nenzondelelo. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zomsebenzi zihlala zingalindelekanga, zihle ngakumbi. Nokuba kwenzeka ntoni, nokuba loo meko ivela, i-Schfeik inomzekelo wobomi bobuqu, njengogqabantshintshi koko kwenzekileyo.
Okokuqala kubonakala ngathi uYosefu ulula kwaye enesidenge. Nangona kunjalo, umlinganiswa akanalula kwaye akalingani, njengoko kubonakala ekuqaleni. Ijoni lingacwangcisa i-saboatage, yenza isigqibo malunga ne-adventures. Kule nto uyanceda ekuchongeni "isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo" ngoogqirha - isigwebo sezonyango siba ngesiciko sokukhwaza, esikuvumela ukuba "ujike" izinto ezingalindelekanga.
Ijoni lokuthunga kwiifilimu
Icebo lesicaka elingasebenziyo lalinomdla kwiivili kwakamsinya emva kwengeniso yenoveli. Kwiminyaka engama-20, iinguqulelo kwifomathi yemovie ethe cwaka isusiwe. Inzala kwizicatshulwa ze-gashek inyuke kwi-40s - ezi zikhombisi njengoko uKarel Lamach waguqukela kubo, iSergey Yutkelevich nabanye. Ngo-1954-1955, izikrini ziphuma kwikhathuni le-popupepe malunga noJoseph, zenziwa nguJiji trpkka.
Ukuthandwa kwehlabathi kwafunyanwa yipeyinti "yokuthunga kwejoni elinesibindi", ifakwe iiglasi zeKarlee ngo-1957. Umlawuli wakhetha ukufota kwinxalenye yokuqala yenoveli yegesi. Indima yomlinganiswa ophambili wamenywa ngumdlali we-rudolf rudolf huinhasky. Imidlalo eqaqambileyo yeHolide, indibano yegcisa, isenzo esinomdla senze imovie enababukeli abaninzi. Iingcaphuno ezivela kwiifilimu zaba zii-gopharism, zangena ebantwini.
I-filmography
- Ngo-1926 - "ijoni elinesibindi"
- Ngo-1926 - "schfeik ngaphambili"
- Ngo-1927 - 'ukuthunga kwi-Russian ekuthinjweni "
- Ngo-1927 - "schfeik kummi"
- Ngo-1931 - "ijoni elinesibindi"
- Ngo-1943 - "i-adventures entsha"
- Ngo-1942 - "schfeik ilungiselela idabi"
- Ngo-1955 - "ijoni elinesibindi"
- Ngo-1957 - "ijoni elinesibindi"
- Ngo-1963 - "Iminyaka ENTSHA SCHWEXA"
- Ngo-1968 - "I-Adventure ye-Brava yeHlabathi schweika"
- Ngo-1969 - 'ukuthunga kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II "
- Ngo-2009 - "Ijoni elikhulu lamajoni"
I-Bibliography
- I-1911 - "Inkampu schfeik nxamnye ne-Italiya"
- Ngo-1911 - "Schukk uthenge iwayini yecawa"
- I-1911 - "ISigqibo seKhomishini yezoNyango kwi-bravo ijoni le-schewok"
- I-1911 - "i-Brava Soger Schweikk ifunda ukuqhuba iPyroxiline"
- I-1911 - "ijoni elinesibindi kwi-Air Fleet"
- Ngo-1917 - "ijoni elinesibindi lokutywina ekuthinjweni laseRussia"
- Ngo-1921-1922 - "Ukufika kwejoni elinesibindi Schfeik ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi"
- Ngo-1923 - "Ukufika kwejoni elinesibindi Schfeik kwi-Russian