Ukuzonwabisa okuphambili kubathandi abagqithisileyo asikokuphela kokutsiba neparashute, kodwa nokuyihlula iincopho zeentaba. Bahlawula amawaka eedola kubungozi bobomi. Amakhulu abantu azama ukuya kwiyona ntaba iphakamileyo emhlabeni minyaka le. Le vertex yi-Everest.
IJomoLungingma - eyona ntaba iphakamileyo emhlabeni
Intaba Ukuphakama kwe-Everest ukusuka kwisiseko ukuya kwinqanaba lolwandle - Iimitha ezingama-8848 . UkwiHimalaya, intaba yakhe esemazantsi ibekwe kumda kwi-PRC. Intaba yabizwa ngokuba yi "JomoLungingma" ngokuzukisa i-stifonted yendoda. ILizwi liguqulelwa ngokuthi "ngunina kaThixo wamandla obomi." Igama lakhe lesibini ngu-Everest, ezaziwa phantsi kwawo emhlabeni wonke. Wamkela ezukisweni kukaGeorge Evereres, olawula inkonzo ye-gedes.
I-JomoLungise Mountain kwimephu ifana nePimidi ye-trigger. Ngenxa yokujija kwenxalenye esemazantsi Akukho qhwa kwaye eli cala lihamba ze. Ukuphakama kwe-vertex kumiselwe ngo-1852, xa i-Topograph ye-Bengal radatat slotar ivelise ukubala i-Trigonometric. Izikhombisi azinikeli uxolo ziinzululwazi kwaye ngo-2019. Imilinganiselo iyaqhubeka, uhambo lwaseMelika no-Itali oxhunyiwe.
Kwintaba ebandayo kwaye ubusika, nasehlotyeni. NgoJulayi, amaqondo obushushu emihlathana afikelele -19, kwaye ngoJanuwari--36. Kwi-vertices ibonakaliswa ngezaqhwithi zequbuliso kunye ne-gusts ye-160 km / h.
Ngoobani Osoyisa iNtaba ye-Everest
Ngo-1953, kwaokoyisa okokuqala kwezahluko kwenzeka. Wazibophelela kwi-Nepalese i-nepalese inyathelo lokuyalela uNorki nakwi-New Zeland Hillary Hillary. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku yayingama-50 imizamo engaphumelelanga. Ukukhutshwa kwabathathi-nxaxheba bakwazi ukoyisa ii-verices ezingama-7000 m, kodwa yayingaphezulu. Ngo-1950, i-French Climple inyuka ukuya eHarrannaapurda (8091 m).U-Norja noHillary baqhubeka indlela, ethi ii-ichis ezinikelwe kubo. I-Climbers isebenzise izixhobo zeoksijini. Owokuqala owagqiba kwelokuba asebenzise ioksijini xa ekhwela, waqala uhambo lwesiNgesi. Emva kowe-1953, kwakwazi ukoyisa intaba kubakhweli abaninzi abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo: I-PRC, i-USSR, i-USA, njl njl. Kuphela ngu-1975 umfazi ovela eJapan wenyuka intaba .
Asinguye wonke umntu osweleyo kwi-shoolotion cylinds. I-Sherp Ang rita ngo-1999 iseti irekhodi: Wavuka izihlandlo ezili-10 ukuya kwi-Everest ngaphandle kweoksijini. Emva kweminyaka engama-20, inani lehlabathi laliqhekeza i-sepal rita seherpa, eyoyisa amaxesha aphezulu angama-24.
Ayinguye wonke umntu ongenise i-Evrest
Kude kube seminyaka yee-1970, ukufikelela ku-Everest kwakulinganiselwe, kodwa emva kokuba esusiwe, inani labantu abafileyo. Konke kwaqala ngabantu aba-5 abangazange baphile emva kwe-Avalancgeve. Emva kweminyaka emi-4, i-6 isiFrentshi ithatha inxaxheba kwihambo yabulawa. Abantu aboyinqeni abaphezulu, bashukumisa impikiswano. Bafuna ukurekhoda igama labo kuluhlu lwee-jomoligum ezixineneyo. Iphakamise iindlela ezingaqhelekanga zokwahlulahlula: ebusuku, ebusika, ngexesha le-Monsoon Timoon, ngaphandle kweoksijini okanye yedwa. Ke, ityhefu yokufa yakhula minyaka le.
Ngo-1985, intengiso yokuphakamisa e-Everest yafikelela kwincopho xa i-Merican Climed Climphers ithathe i-David ukuya phezulu ngoShishino lweminyaka engama-55 ubudala. I-Dick Bass yayikhathazwe ngombono wokuloyisa ezona ntaba ziphezulu zibe kwi-7 Conjini. Ukukhwela kwaphumelela, usomashishini wakhupha incwadi malunga ne-adventures yakhe, eyaba ngumvelisi wezinto ezilungileyo.
"Umzekelo ombi awusulelekanga," ke, imigca yabo banqwenela ukuba idume ifakwe phezulu. Iinkampani zaqala ukuvela, zibonelela ngeenkonzo zolondolozo entabeni. Ngo-1996, intlekele yenzekile ubomi babantu abangama-8. Oonobangela bokufa kwesininzi obizwa ngokuba yimozulu embi kunye nembambano phakathi kwamaqela okukhuphela. Ngo-2019, abantu abangama-20 bafela intwasahlobo, kodwa ayiyeki imingcipheko evela emngciphekweni ukuba ingabuyisi kuhambo.
Iindlela zokubetha kweyona nqanaba liphezulu lomhlaba
Ngaphandle kwemvume, enika abasemagunyeni eNepal kunye neTibet, ukuba angangeni encotsheni yeJolungma. Fumana uxwebhu eNepal lubiza kakhulu - amawaka ali-11 eedola. KwiTibet, ixabisa amawaka ama-8. Indlela yeNepalese esetyenziselwa ukukhwela, ithandwa kakhulu. Kodwa i-PRC izama ukuqhubeka kwaye idale inkampu ingaphezulu kunabakhuphiswano. Iintente zimi emhlabeni zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo eziyimfuneko.Ngo-2019, malunga nemvume ezingama-600 zakhutshwa. Ngokuphathelele kunyaka ka-2018, le yirekhodi. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu loloyiso ku-Everest, kusekwe i-jams yendlela. Enyakeni, ngamaxesha ama-2 kuphela okwenza inyuka: ngoMeyi nangoSeptemba. Le nto yenza abantu bakhawuleze kwaye bahambe ngaxeshanye. Ebusika, kuyingozi ukuvuka: Ukongeza kubushushu obuphantsi, isoyikiso sibe ngumoya.
Iinyani ezinomdla
Ukukhwela ukuya kwi-top ixabisa i-100 yamawaka eedola. Esi sixa sibandakanya imvume, iinkonzo zenkonzo ye-preight Andter kunye nakwindawo yokusabela yethutyana.
Inani leentsuku eziphakathi, eziya kuchitha iimbebho eziya kufikelela, - 40. Ngeli xesha, umntu uphulukana nobunzima be-15 kg ngenxa yokutshiswa kwamafutha kunye nokutshiswa kwelahleko kunye nokutshiswa kwelahleko.
I-JomoLungma intaba ijika ibe yindawo yokugcwalisa umhlaba. Abakhenkethi bashiya inkunkuma, iisilinda zeoksijini kunye nezidumbu zisasazeke kuyo yonke indawo. Ukuphuma umntu oswelekileyo, chitha i-100 yeedola. 120 Wahlala entabeni, kwaye abayi kuthwalwa. Kwizidumbu, i-clobers ijolise kwindlela.
Ukunyuka nganye kuhlaselwa ingozi engalunganga kwindalo esingqongileyo. Iikhwelo ezitshisayo zitshisa imithi ukuze kufuneke. Shiya u-racreta.
E-Everest, kukho izigcawu ezitsileyo, kuba zinokubakho kwi-6700 m ngaphezu kwenqanaba lolwandle. Kumntu, aziyongozi.
Ngo-2014, intombazana eneminyaka eli-13 ubudala yePuna Malawat yakhwela eJomolungma. Ubeka irekhodi ngeBerkry eneminyaka engama-72 ubudala.
Phezu kweyona ntaba iphakamileyo emhlabeni "ibamba" i-Twitter. Ngo-2011, kenton kul climber ipapashiwe kwaye indumiso yokuba ngalo mzuzu walo mzuzu wayekho kwi-Everest.
Iminyaka engama-400 yezigidi eyadlulayo i-Everest yayisezantsi kolwandle. Isafumanisa ukuba bafumane amanzi athengisiweyo.
Ukuze ugcine intaba engcoliseko, amandla eNepal ebeke umgaqo ukuba umntu ngamnye owoyisileyo u-8 kg yenkunkuma okanye uhlawula amawaka ama-4 eedola.
Intaba ye-Evererest yaseburhulumenteni kwiminyaka engama-60 eyadlulayo.