NgoJanuwari 27, 2020 amanqaku amanqaku iminyaka engama-78 ukusukela esiphelweni sebhloko yeLeningrad. Ukwazi lo mxholo, abantwana baqala ngebhentshi yesikolo. Bafunda ukuba i-blobrad ingakanani i-leningrad ihleli, apho yayihlala njani kwintsimi yayo, xa amasoyitha akwazi ukoyisa nokuyila iSixeko. Eli xesha linzima laluthabatha ubomi kwaye lahlangabezana nabantu ukuba baxhathise. Kodwa izigidi zabantu abanesibindi zasinda kwiblovi, kwaye ngenxa yokinkumbulo zabo esiyalazi ibali lenene.
Izigidi zivaliwe esixekweni
Ibhloko yeLeningrad yaqala ngexesha leMfazwe enkulu yeLizwe, ngoSeptemba 8, 1941. Wayebanjwe ngabaShescist ukuba baphule ukukhuselwa kwesixeko kwaye bayithimbe. ILeningrad (ngoku i-petersburg) yayibaluleke kakhulu kumkhosi waseJamani. Ukubanjwa kwakhe kwaqala ngoJulayi 1941, emva kwenyanga imfazwe kufutshane nesixeko. Iintshaba azikwazanga ukubamba, ngenxa yoko uloliwe wasikwa, owaqhagamshela iLeningrad kunye nezinye iindawo zelizwe. AmaJamani agqibe kwelokuba aye kwenye indlela kwaye atshabalalise isixeko saseSomor. Emva kokufaka iintshaba ze-shsselburg, iibhloko ze-block ekugqibeleni zinqunyulwe emhlabeni ukusuka kwi-sushi.
Emva koko, abahlali beLeningrad baqala ngeengxaki zokutya. AKUKHO BUNGOZI NOBUCHULE BOKUTYA. Ke kwabakho icebo labaFascist, babefuna abantu bafe yindlala kwaye babanda. Kodwa babengakulungelanga ukulinda nje ukuba wonke umntu afe, ngenxa yoko le tyhefu kunye nokugquma kwe-artillery zacwangciswa. Imililo itshabalalisile iindawo zokutya eziza kunceda abahlali ukuba babambe ngaphezulu.
Utshaba lwalucwangcisa ukothuka phakathi kwabantu, wazama ukuthintela umsebenzi wamashishini aphambili. Kodwa abaLegi bebomelele kwaye bengamashumi asibhozo, baya esikolweni yonke imihla, ekliniki, i-typography, i-friergarn, ithiyetha. Baqhubeka bephila. Izigidi zabantu abangama-2,5 bahlala bevaliwe esixekweni, abangama-400 amawaka ababengabantwana. Abanye basweleka ngexesha lokugcwala, kwawa izakhiwo.
Indlala kunye ne-125 yeegram zesonka
Emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwezinto zokutya ezingenalo, ngenxa yoko, izindlu zokutya ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ngokukodwa ulambile kubahlali beLeningrad yayiyinyanga yoNyaka oMtsha ka-1941. Abasebenzi bakhutshwa iigram zesonka ezingama-250 ngosuku, besikusasa, kunye nesidlo sasemini, nesidlo sangokuhlwa. Bonke abanye bafumana iigram ezili-125. Oomama banika isabelo sabo kubantwana ukuze bangabulawanga yindlala. Ngaphambi koDisemba 25, abantu babebulawa yindlala, kuba isahlulo sasingabilulekanga. Kwakukho amandla amaninzi okusebenza, imbuyekezo yokulala kwabo nokutya akuzange kusebenze.
Ekupheleni kukaDisemba, isonka sanda. Abasebenzi baqalisa ukuvelisa iigram zesonka kangange-100, kwaye zonke ezo zinto zathi: "Ngaphandle kwento yokuba yayisesisabelo esikhulu, abantu baya ezitratweni bavuya kunye. Olu nyuso lwabanika ithemba lokuphumelela.
Ngokudibeneyo ngamandla asebusika eLeningrad, kwafika ukufa. Amanzi ashushu kunye nokufudumeza kwakungekho, abantu abadala abanemifula kunye nabantwana. Ukufudumeza kwi-oveni, ifanitshala yenziwe kunye nezakhiwo zenkuni. Ifile ngenxa yokubanda nokuphefumla. Abo babenamandla okushukunyiswa, baya emsebenzini kwaye basebenza usuku olugcweleyo. Isantya sokukhutshwa kwabantu sasingabalulekanga, kuba kukho ithemba loloyiso. Eli xesha linye lebhloko yeLeniningrad yintsuku ezingama-871. Iminyaka emi-2 kunye neenyanga ezi-5 zalwa isixeko kunye nobomi babo.
"Indlela Yobomi"
"Iiblockers" azizange zizilwele, kodwa zincedile ngaphambili. Babonelela ngezixhobo, iigiya, imipu. I-300 lamawaka abantu abathathe inxaxheba ekuziphenduleni komoya esixekweni, bema esithuba.
Kude kube nguDisemba ngo-1941, oovimba abancinci bokutya bathunyelwa ngenqwelomoya, kuba ichibi lechibi alizange livele ixesha elide. Esi yayisisizathu sokuncitshiswa komthengisi wesonka. NgoNovemba 22, ukugcwala kwaqala ngendlela yomkhenkce. Ixesha lakhe "RAKI" lishiywe kancinci, intshukumo yayihlala ihleli ngoJanuwari. Ama-fatcists 'agxotha "indlela yobomi" ngethemba lokutshayela, kodwa akaphumelelanga.
Ukukhutshwa ngokufuduswa kwabantu. Eyokuqala emgceni yayingabafazi, abantwana, bawenzakala kwaye bagula. Ndikwazile ukuzisa abantu abazizigidi. Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1942, esi sixeko saqala 'ukuvuselela ": Abantu bacoca izitrato, babuyisa izakhiwo. Kwavela kwakhona iziqwenga zesonka. Kuphela kusemva konyaka nguSoviet Frops wakwazi ukwaphula umsesane webhloko. Ngokutsho kukaloliwe owakhiweyo, i-33 km ubude beLeningrad bathumela iimveliso zokutya kunye nemipu.
Owona mhla wokususwa kwebhloko ye-leningrad ithathwa njengeqwalaselwe ngoJanuwari 27, 1944. Abemi besixeko, phantse iiveki ezili-150 balwa nobomi, babona iGala ngalo mhla. I-blob bangenise ibali njengeyona nto ikhathazayo negazi. I-641 iwaka ifile kuwo nawuphi na abantu abangahambelaniyo.
Iinyani ezinomdla
Ama-350 amawaka abantu abakwi-leningrad ngaphambili banikwe iimbasa kunye nee-odolo. Phakathi kwazo ngamajoni, amagosa kunye neenxa zonke. I-1.5 yezigidi zabantu banikezelwa ngenxa yokhuselo lwembasa. Kwaye uLeningrad wafumana isihloko esithi "I-Hero City".
Kwizitrato zommandla we-block, kufakwe izandisi-lizwi ukuba zizazise abantu malunga nokuhlaselwa utshaba. Usasazo lwalungama iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku. Khubaza amathamo erediyo kwizakhiwo zokuhlala engavumelekanga. Nokuba izithethi ziyekile ukuthetha, isandi se-metronome saqhubeka sivakala kwikhaya ngalinye.
Ubusika bokuqala eLeningrad yayiyiqhwa. Abantu babehlala kumaqondo obushushu ukuya kwi-32 degrees ngaphandle kokufudumeza kunye namanzi ashushu. Kubanda babanjwe esixekweni kude kusenokwenzeka, ikhephu libeka ubude bemitha.
Ngo-1943, uLeningrad weza neenqwelo ezi-4 kwiikati ezitshayo ngo-1943 ukoyisa iingcambu zeempuku kunye neegundane. Iintonga zokutya zitshabalalise ukutya, ke ingxaki ifuna isisombululo kwangoko. Intsapho nganye yema emgceni yezilwanyana zasekhaya. Kungekudala, ayingabi kuphela amaFasi kuphela, kodwa neentonga.
Abantu abahlala kwimimandla evalelweyo bengazi ukuba abantu belizwe labo basweleka kwaye bakhulu kangakanani inqanaba lentlekele. Abasemagunyeni bazifihla iinyani ukuba bangavusiyiko. Ukufota abantu abafileyo kwaye batshabalalise izakhiwo ezinqatshelwe.
Xa kwaziwa malunga ne-bloede ezayo, abasemagunyeni banikezela kwi-Lengerads Ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle, kodwa ugxininiso lwalusetyenzisiwe kukhukhuselo oluyimfuneko lweSixeko. Abantu babengazi ngengozi, elindelwe kuwo umzi. Babizelwa ukuba balwele ilizwe labo, ngoko ke bavuma ukufuduka.
Ukongeza kwiigram ze-125 zesonka se-Stale, iLeningraders itya i-hives, ukutya kwezilwanyana, ulusu lwehagu yempahla yempahla.