Biography
Umbhali waseFransi u-Andre wafa iminyaka engama-60 kwaye ngeli xesha elilawulweyo ukuba abe ngomnye wababhali kunye nabacimi belizwe lakhe. Iingqondo zengqondo, umnqweno wenyaniso kunye nolwazi olunzulu lwendalo yomntu kunye nesipho selizwi lobugcisa samakhaya, seza amabhaso e-Hotbage elunqeni kwaye sabeka iqela leencwadi ezininzi zenkulungwane yama-20 ngenkulungwane yama-20.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UAndre wazalelwa eParis ngo-1869 wakhulela kusapho apho umgaqo wonqulo khona. Abazali - Calvinists bafundise umntwana ngokungqongqo kumntwana wokholo kunye nokuziphatha, ethathwa nguye kwiminyaka yokuqala yomphefumlo wenkwenkwe. Utata Zhida wayengunjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseParis, wasweleka xa unyana wakhe wayeneminyaka eli-11 ubudala. Ukususela ngoko, umbhali wexesha elizayo akazange aqhubeke ngaphandle kwempembelelo yendoda.
Umntwana wayebandakanyeka kumama kunye no-Aunts, wayenempilo, ngenxa yoko imfundo ifumene ukuqhekeka kwaye kungacwangciswanga. Nangona kunjalo, ukufunda kwisikolo samaProtestanti saseParis, uAndre waba nomdla kuncwadi, esela imibongo yamandulo yamaGrike. Ke kuloo ndoda unqwenela ukuba ngumbhali. Uthando lobuGcisa oluhle lubonakaliswa ngokuzonwabisa nomculo okhuthazekileyo umama.
Kwiminyaka engama-20, uLiceum waphumelela iLiyceum kwaye waqala ukubandakanyeka kuncwadi. Umlenze katata wamvumela ukuba anyamekele ukutya, kwaye umfana wanikezela ekubhaleni nasekuhambeni. Wayetyelele uMntla Afrika, owaba ngumthombo wokuphefumlelwa noManila umbhali kwakhona.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bombhali bombhali bugcwele ubunzima kunye ne-pepipetia. Uthando lokuqala luka-Andre ngu-Makedine Rondo. Wanikezelwa kumbhali obhaliweyo, elinde ukuphindaphinda kwentombazana. Obu buhlobo bubotshelelwe kulwalamano olusondeleyo lokomoya, kodwa isindululo sezandla kunye neentliziyo zikaKuzin samkelwe kwangoko, kuphela ngo-1895 ngokuvuma ukuba ngumfazi weZhida.Lo mtshato wawugcinwa eluthandweni lwayo yonke i-thetotic - umfazi wafumana uloyiko olusondeleyo, kwaye ke eso sibini sasingenabo abantwana. Indoda kwangaxeshanye yaqonda ukuba amatyekelo obufanasini angaba nako ukuphiliswa komtshato. Ikhuthaza ngendoda eTunisia ngo-1893, uAndre wazama ixesha elide ukuba ahambe kunye nokuphikisana phakathi kweemvakalelo zomfazi wakhe kunye nomthwalo wesondo wesondo sabo.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyI-Mandelene, yafunda malunga nokuqhelaniswa kwendoda yakhe, yamshiya, yahlala kwiNorman Kuveverville. Kwangelo xesha, umanyano lokomoya kunye neemvakalelo ezifudumeleyo phakathi kwamaqabane aqhubeke. Oku akupheleli mntu ukuba abe nezinye ii-ties, umzekelo, noMlawuli weAllegra okanye uElizabeth Wang Rüssesberg, olwazala intombi kaKatrin.
Umfo waseFrali akazange azifihle ubufanasini, avakalise ngemisebenzi yakhe, awahlaselwa ngabazalwana. Ewe, kwaye yena wayekhathazekile kabukhali malunga nokungqubana phakathi kwezinto zenyama kunye neminqweno enkulu yokomoya.
Iincwadi
Ngobuchule, i-ZHIDA ibonakaliswa ngokuthandabuza ngokunxulumene ne-Western Western Western kunye nokuziphatha. Ngokutsho kombhali, ububi kunye nonqulo olungaboniyo ngaphambi kokuba abasemagunyeni baphazamise ubuntu basimahla ukufumana indlela yokuziqonda nokubonisa intetho enyanisekileyo. Imisebenzi yokuqala yomFrentshi yayiphenjelelwa ziimpawu, kodwa kungekudala wasuka waya kuzo, eqhutywa ziimbono ze-friedrich nietzsche kunye nembongi yeWalt Whitman.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyUnomdla kumbhali kunye noncwadi lwaseRussia - malunga noFeer Dostoevsky Andre waze wabhala incwadi ebangele ukuba ichaphazele umdla kwi-France. Imisebenzi ye-Fiend ngokwayo yayixoxwa ngokufuthi luluntu kwaye yaba yimisitho, ebhekisa kwiikowuti. Impembelelo yombhali kuncwadi lwaseYurophu lwenkulungwane yama-20 kunzima kakhulu ekusebenziseni. Phakathi kwezona zinto zidumileyo "ngamasango asondeleyo", "abagwebi", "abaphethe kakubi".
Ukufa
Umbhali wafa eneminyaka engama-81 ubudala, xa umntu onobangela wafikelelweyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, intlalontle yomFrentshi yayinzima - le ndoda ayikwazanga ukuya eStockholm ngo-1947 ukufumana i-NOBY. Nangona kunjalo, umbhali akamshiyi umbhali de kuphele imihla, eqhubeka esenza "iidayari", ezibandakanya ukuqonda iziganeko, iingxaki, iinyaniso zebhayiloji, izimvo neengxabano.Omnye wemifanekiso yokugqibela u-Andre Dates emva kowe-1950, wadutyulwa kwintsimi yeJean ye-Sartrare. UZhida akazange abe ngoFebruwari 19, 1951 eParis, kwaye ingcwaba le-classic liseKuverewille, apho yayikhona impahla yakhe. Eyokugqibela kwezi ncwadi zibhaliweyo "kwaye ngoku zihlala kuwe" emva kokuba ezinye zibhalwa ngumbhali zibuyise igolide kuncwadi lwegolide.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1891 - "Unyango kwi-narcisue"
- 1893 - "Amava Othando"
- Ngo-1897 - "kulula emhlabeni"
- I-1899 - "I-PromeTeus ecekeceke"
- Ngo-1909 - "Isango elisondeleyo"
- Ngo-1914 - "I-Vatican Hungleons"
- Ngo-1923 - "Dostoevsky"
- Ngo-1925 - "inyani"
- Ngo-1936 - "Genevive"
- Ngo-1936 - "Buyela kwi-USSR"
- Ngo-1951 - "kwaye ngoku uhlala ngaphakathi kuwe"