Umntu ovela kumaxesha angapheliyo yayingeyonto yangaphelelanga kumnqweno wakhe wolwazi lwehlabathi, kodwa, ngelishwa kwabahambi bamandulo, izithintelo zendalo zenza ukuba kube nzima ukwenza le nkqubo yemfundo: Ukuvumela ukuba woyise ulwandle Kwaye iilwandlekazi, imilambo yazo yolule iingcambu zentaba namanzi. Uyilo lweminyaka yokugqibela neyokuqala iye yaphuculwa ukususela kwiminyaka: enye yezikhuselo zenkuni kunye ne-Cowden Swecles yaguqulwa yaba yimimangaliso yobunjineli, yesibini, eyokuqala, Umthi owileyo, wawolula amakhulu eekhilomitha njengoko wakhiwe e-Chanda danaynin-kunshan Viadpect, ubude bayo buziimitha ezili-165 zeemitha.
Kodwa hayi phesheya apho kukho izakhiwo zobunjineli ezinomxholo-malunga neebhulorho ezinde eRussia ziya kuxelela iNqaku lama-24cm.
Zithini iibhulorho
Xa kufikwa kwibhulorho eRussia yeyona inde kakhulu, yengqondo, uninzi lwabantu luba nezakhiwo zemondulocal, ezakhiwe usebenzisa iitekhnoloji zendlela kunye neetoni zezinto zokwakha, apho iirali zemoto zikrazulwe. Nangona kunjalo, kukho nabanye abameli bohlobo lwamaziko obunjineli abathathelwa ingqalelo ngohlobo lwamaziko obuqu, ehlulelweyo ngobude babo.I-Typographic kakhulu
Ibhulograji yeTypographic yakhiwa ngo-2016 kwaye ikwingingqi yeVladimir, kwisixeko saseKirzhach. Olu lwakhiwo lweemitha ezingama-555 ubude, lwalusa kwilali yomlambo ebizwa ngokuba yindawo enye, ithathelwa ingqalelo ibhulorho ende yabahambi ngeenyawo eRussia, eqinisekiswa isatifikethi seNcwadi yeRhafu yaseRussia.
Phambi kokwakhiwa kwebhulograji yeTypographic, eyabizwa ngokuba ngumxhasi ophambili wokwakha, indlu yokuprinta yasekhaya, indawo yomnini werekhodi yasekhaya owenziwe emthini wawuhlala uhleli kwisakhiwo soyilo sasenziwayo Ukusekwa eVeleretsk, kudalwe ngo-1935. Ubude bebhulorho yeVeleretsky yayiziimitha ezingama-552, ukuvelisa umniniyo omncinci, kodwa ngo-2019 kwabakho ukuwa kwenxalenye yeziphako, kwaye ngalo mzuzu ubume besakhiwo esisifanekisela engaqinisekanga.
I-Skybridge
Ingayiphelelanga eqongeni iibhulorho ezinde kakhulu eRussia ngaphandle kokukhankanywa ngo-2014 eSochi enqunyanyisiwe "skybridge". Uyilo lobude beemitha ezingama-439, uqhagamshela imiphetho echaseneyo ye-Akhtyn, ikwiimitha ezingama-207 ngaphezulu kwamanzi - intlambo yoMlambo iMzmit ilapha ngezantsi.Ukuya kuthi ga ngo-2018, xa i-494-i-494-i-494-i-europabby yeyakhetheka kwi-witzerland, olu shino lwaluhlala lukwiphepha leyona bhlorho ende kakhulu kungekuphela kwiRussia, kodwa nakwihlabathi. Kuyinyani, kufanelekile ukuba ibhulorho esuka kwizikhundla zokuqala, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "EYurophu", ikwindawo yesithathu kuphela i-Austrian 406 ye-Austrian isuswe kuphela nge-110 m.
"Cela enkulu"
Ukuqhelana neebhlorho zelizwe ezihamba ilizwe, ezinokwazi ukumangalisa ubude, lixesha lokuba uye kwelinye, ubungakanani bawo banomdla ngakumbi.
I-Big Oqhovsky kakhulu
Ivula i-right elona lide eRussia eSt. Petersburg kwaye ijolise kuyo njengabahlali bendawo yeempawu zoyilo "iimvakalelo" ze-Big Obhovsky, ubude bazo ezingama-2884. I-odpass ixhuma i-Okthobha i-OCTOBH ye-OCHHHHOVSKY Avenue. Ayisiyonto inyani, kodwa iibhulorho ezimbini ezikwindlela eyahlukileyo yokuhamba kwezithuthi ezakhiweyo ecaleni komnye nomnye.
Ngenxa yokuba iBridge enkulu ye-Oboki, inqabile emanzini eemitha ezingama-30, engafaniyo nezinye iindawo ezinqabileyo zeTersburg, ezingafaniyo neempahla ezinokuncitshiswa kwezi zikhombisi zidityaniswe zangaphambili ukungangqinelani. Ukususela ngo-2003, "imyuziyam yebhlorho yevoti" isebenza kwindawo yokwakha, emva kokuphela komsebenzi ngo-2008, idluliselwe kwi-red yelo.
I-Russian uninzi
Yakhiwe ngokukodwa kwibhulorho yaseRussia ngo-2012, ebanjwe ngo-2012, yolulekile kwiBossirus Vescent, yaba ngumnini wabameli ngaxeshanye:- I-vladivosok igubungelaka-ibhulorho ende yehlabathi, ubude beekhilomitha ezi-100 zeemitha ezili-100.
- Ibhulorho eqhagamshela iSiqithi saseRussia ngePeninsula yeNazimov, ezona ntlobo ziphezulu zePylons - iimitha ezingama-324.
- Uyilo lupakishwe lithuba elikhulu lehlabathi le-Guy Bridges - iimitha ezili-1104.
Nangona umbuzo wolwakhiwo lwendlela ngokusebenzisa umfuziselo waphakama ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukuqala kwinkulungwane edlulileyo, umsebenzi wokudalwa kwebhulorho waqalwa kuphela ngo-2007, ephelela ngo-Agasti ka-2012. Ngexesha lokwakha, ukwakhiwa kwakodwa ngokwemigaqo yobugcisa kunye nento ebuhlungu yezakhiwo zebhulorho yaseRussia.
I-Khabarovsky kakhulu
Kwanasekuqalekeni kwenkulungwane yama-20, ngo-1916, kwisixeko saseKhabarovsk, ibhulorho yolule umlambo i-IRUR kwaye iphawule ukuphela kolwakhiwo lololiwe wase-Seriya wase-Seriya wase-Seriya wase-Seriya wase-Seriya wase-Seriya wase-Seriya wase-Seriya. Wabizwa ngokuba "ngu-Alekseevsky" - ukuhlonitshwa kwendlalifa kwitrone yaseRussia. Ngoku lolwakhiwo lwaziwa ngokuba yibhulorho yeKhabarovsky okanye, kwindawo engqongileyo, "ummangaliso we-AMUR".
Kude kube ngama-90s zenkulungwane edlulileyo, ibhulorho yayiyindlela kaloliwe kaloliwe kuphela - kuphela ngo-1992 kwaqala ukwakhiwa kwakhona, eyavumelana iminyaka esixhenxe emva kokuvula itrafikhi enkulu kunye nemoto. Ubude besakhiwo esiqhelene nabo kuwo onke amaRussia ngomfanekiso obhiyozo we-run yaseRussia, - iimitha ezingama-3891.
Ibhlorho ngaphezulu kukaJurieuri
Kodwa ibhulorho ngaphesheya koMlambo i-Yuriuri, eqhubeka kwiSithili seYamalo-Nenets iSithili se-AMAFOmomous, ivuliwe ngoJuni ka-2009, ibonelela ngokuhamba kohambo lukaloliwe kuphela. Kukwisithuba sokuqala kwihlabathi liphela kutshintsho lwebhulorho elakhelwe isangqa se-polar-ubude bogqithileyo ziimitha ezingama-3893. Uyilo lweprojekthi aluqhelekanga kuloo nto ngenxa yezinto ezinqabileyo zemihlaba enodongwe kunye nendawo esisiseko sokuxhasa ukwakhiwa, endaweni yokomelela kwikhonkrithi, imibhobho yekhonkrithi yasetyenziswa.Abakhi badibana kwiintsuku ezingama-349, ezithathwa njengesalathiso serekhodi lezo phuculo.
De friz-cedankanka
Ivulwe ngo-2012 kwi-vladivostok i-Bridge kwi-Amur Bay nayo ibandakanyiwe phezulu kwelona lide eRussia. Ukuqhubela phambili nobude beekhilomitha ezi-4,3, ukuvumela ukuba kunciphise iindleko zendlela yendlela ukuya kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya, idibanisa i-peninsula yesibini, i-muravyov-kunye ne-Deris-kwaye isebenzisa ispas ezingama-80. Ekwakhiweni koyilo, ukutukhanyiswa kwezibane ezikhutshwe zizibane ezikhutshelweyo, eziqinisekisa iminyaka emithathu -Imisebenzi eqhubekayo ngoNovemba ka-2009 ukuya ku-Agasti ka-2012.
Njengebhulorho engaphaya kweBossiorus, le ntlobo igqithisileyo eyakhiwe eVladivosok yakhiwa kwiNgqungquthela ye-APC-2012, eyabanjwayo, kwisivumelwano ukusuka kwisivumelwano sika-2007, kwisiqithi saseRussia.
Ibhulorho kaMongameli
Ibhulorho ejongene nomlambo i-voliga e-Ulyanovsk, nangona inobude obuyi-5.8 km, kodwa ayingebi kungekuphela nje kule parameter. Kungaphezulu kakhulu ukuba ukwakhiwa kwakhiwe kwiminyaka engama-23 endaweni ye-9 ye-9: umsebenzi oqalisiweyo ngo-1986 waphela ngokufunyanwa ngo-2009 kuphela. Ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwale projekthi, ebizwa ngokuba "yibhulomo likamongameli", ikwazile ukwenza iNtloko yeLizwe yeSizwe, igqityiwe ukuba ngumongameli wokuqala we-USSR, iGorbyhevv, egqithisileyo kwi-Kuibyshev Restvoir "yayingu Yakhiwe "kwaye kuMongameli wokuqala we-Russian Federation Yeltsin, kodwa wayecekeceke ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemali. Ngapha koko, umsebenzi waqalwa ngo-2002, ngeSpin, kunye neViaduct Medidev kunye noMongameli waseAzerbaijan Ilham Aliyev wavulwa.
Ukulibaziseka okungazange kwenziwe ngaphambili ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwakhokelela ekunyukeni kweendleko zeprojekthi ngeebhiliyoni ezili-14, kwaye iindleko zokugqibela zebhlorho kaMongameli yayiyi-38,5 yezigidigidi.
North naseSts ze-St. Petersburg
I-8795 yeemitha ezingama-9378 ubude bamantla nasemazantsi e-Western-Specieter yeSixeko saseSt. Petersburg, ngokulandelelana. I-ZSD yindlela ehlawulelwayo yemoto ehlawulelweyo kwi-ROLT ye-ROLT yelizwe, ukwakhiwa okuqaliselwe ngo-2005 ukuya kuDisemba 4, 2016, ukuvulwa komgca wokugqibela wenzeka.Omabini la macandelo aphezulu, ukongeza kwi-Viaduct yoMhlaba, kubandakanya ibhlorho emi-2 ngaphezulu kwamanzi: emazantsi - kwi-Speegin yenqanawa, emantla-kwi-elagin kunye ne-petrovsky ye-Elagin kunye nePetrovsky.
Ulwaphulo-mthetho kakhulu
Enkosi ngokukhanyiso okuqinisekileyo kokwakhiwa kwebhulorho ngaphezulu kwe-Kerch Strait kwimithombo yeendaba, impendulo yombuzo weBridge ende apho ibhulorho ende ikwi-Russia icacile nawuphi na umhlaba. Umyalelo malunga nokwakhiwa kolwakhiwo oluhle kufuneka luhambelane nomhlaba omkhulu ngePeninsula yobuqhetseba, idlula intsimi yaseUkraine, yanikwa ngonyaka ka-2014. Inqanaba lokuqala lebhulorho yolwaphulo-mthetho, eyimoto engu-16,9 km, iqhuba kwi-35 m ngaphezulu kwamanzi, igqityiwe ngoMeyi 2018. Intshukumo ekuhambeni kokuqala komgaqo kaloliwe onobude be-18.1 km ufumene ngoDisemba ngo-2019 kubaqeqeshi abakhweli-umdibaniso we-Pargo uya kufumana imvume yokuqhubela phambili ngoJulayi 2020.
Ngokutsho kwabadabi, ngenxa yesisombululo seTekhnoloji samva nje, ibhulorho yolwaphulo-mthetho ayiyi kufuna ukulungiswa kwiminyaka elikhulu ekufutshane. I-talisman yesakhiwo sobunjineli yikati egama linguBridge, elivele kwiZiko ngo-2015, kwaye uyilo lwesakhiwo liyayiphinda ipeyinti yeflegi yeRussia.