Biography
UHenry James wayelinani lababhali baseMelika abaqeqeshiweyo kwaye baba ngumbhali weenoveli ezingama-20, amakhulu amabali kunye ne-12. Imisebenzi yayo kwisitayile seklasikhi, kunye neemodyuli zomsebenzi zangaphambili zihlala ziba ziifilimu kwaye zibangela abafundi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UHenry James wazalelwa eNew York ngo-Epreli 15, 1843 kwintsapho yabafuduki abavela eYurophu, abaphethe iingcambu zeIrish kunye ne-Scottish. Unina, owayenethamsanqa, wavelisa inzala abaninzi, kwaye uBawo, indlalifa ebhankini, ethanda intanda-bulumko nenkolo.
Ukonwaba njengabafundisi bezakwalizwi kunye nesithethi, intloko yentsapho yayidla ngokuhamba eYurophu yaza yatyelela igeneva neLondon, ehamba nenkosikazi yakhe nabantwana. Ke ngoko, ooTitshala babucala babezibandakanya kwimfundo yokuqala yenkwenkwe, kwaye ubuchule bakhe kwi-Aunciations yasebuncinaneni.
Ebuntwaneni, uHenry, obandezeleka ngenxa yemo yemo yenkcubeko yaseParis kwaye wasusa ngokungummangaliso wentetho, efunda isiFrentshi. Ukususela ngoko, wafunda i-ntwante yokufunda iincwadi zembeko de balzak kunye nokugcwala kukamama osemgangathweni awabhala phantsi iingcinga neemvakalelo kwidayari.
Ebutsheni be-1860s, uMzalwan 'oPhezulu uJames, ugqirha wezengqondo wexesha elizayo, wangena kwiYunivesithi yaseBoston, kwaye le ntsapho yamfudukela kuye. UHenry walungiselela amalungelo esikolo, kodwa wafumana eli uqeqesho kwibhayili elizimeleyo, waqala ukufundisisa ubuchule bokubhala.
Ukuba nabahlobo nababhali kunye nabagxeki, lo mfana wadala isicatshulwa sombhalo weqonga, owapapashwa nguMis Maggie Mitchell kwi-gonchon ikhilikithi. Kwaye emva koko ibali le "intlekele yezimpazamo", kwaye umbhali ovuselelayo wombhali wamenywa ukuba abhale i-odolo kunye namaphephandaba.
Ukufumana imali efumana uphononongo lwencwadi, uHenry waya kuhamba eYurophu kwaye wadibana nabantu abadaliweyo njengoCharles Dickens kunye noGeorge Eliot. Waza ke wahlala eLondon, waqalisa ukubhala iinoveli zabasetyhini, kodwa ngelo xesha abavakalisi abashicilelwanga misebenzi.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu bombhali waseMelika busaba neengxabano, kwaye abaxhasi beetheyibhile ezahlukeneyo bavumelana kuphela ukuba wayeyi-bachelor. Inani leebhayigraphe ezazifumana ukufikelela kwiileta kunye neefoto ezivela kugcino lwentsapho zazenziwa ngamadoda kwaye zibizwa ngokuba zifana fana nomntu ophilayo.Iincwadi
Nge-1860-18770, uJames wayelilungu leklabhu ye-Flevise kwaye wafunda imisebenzi yakhe kwisangqa sabahlobo kunye nabahlobo. Ngenxa yoko, inkampani yomhleli wesiNgesi wakhupha iRodrik Hudson Roman, ababengabagxeki nabafundi bafumana imbali eyonwabisayo.
Ukusebenza ngohlobo lweprosesi eyinyani, uHenry waba ngumlandeli we-Gustavava ye-gustava kwaye wasondelelene nomfanekiso woncwadi, ovela eLondon waya eParis. Apho waba ngabahlobo kunye nababhali u-Emil Zol no-Ivan Turgenev nasemva kokupapashwa kwenani lemisebenzi evunyiweyo yaseMelika eYurophu.
Umsebenzi weli xesha leklasikhi iqukethe uthotho lothando lusebenza: "Washington Square", "Daisy Miller", "Intembelo" kunye "nomfanekiso wabasetyhini". Kwaye ukucela ingqalelo ukutshintshelwa kufundisiso lwezinto eziqhubayo, kwaye oku kukhokelele kwingxaki ebukhali eyathabatha iminyaka emihlanu.
Ngaphandle koku, i-bibliography kaJames yazala kwakhona kunye nemibhalo enjengokuthi "abaseBootonia", "iileta zecala likaTragic", "iileta ze-Arhente" kunye " Kuyo, umbhali ukhulise imibuzo yenguqu kwezentlalo nezentlalo, kunye nokunxibelelana kunye nokujongana nenkcubeko yendawo endala kunye entsha.
Ukuzama ukuphumelela kwabafundi, umbhali wathatha idrama, kodwa abaphulaphuli bengabuxabisi mifanekiso. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mvavanyo zoncwadi zanceda ukusekwa kwesitayile esitsha, enkosi apho i-HANRY KUKHONA KUKHONA KUKHONA UMSEBENZI WABO.
Iincwadi ezipapashwe ngo-1900s zahlulahlulwe ngabalinganiswa, kunye nengqondo yengqondo kunye nedramatic, ngeplanti enesidima esisigxina. Ulwimi lweencoko kunye neenkcazo zobugcisa zaqalisa ukugcwaliswa ngamacandelo anzima adlulisela ngokupheleleyo, ivumba, isandi kunye nombala.
Kwakufuneka ndincabele kubagxeki, ithintelwe ziincwadi ezifike emva kombhali kwaye zabela imisebenzi enjengokuthi "amaphiko amagwebu" kunye "nabameli" kunye "nothunywa". Enkosi kuphononongo lweengcali ezigunyazisiweyo, uHenry James wafunda kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye abalawuli beefilimu abadumileyo benze iifilimu zobugcisa ezivela kwiinoveli.
Ukufa
Nge-28 kaFebruwari ngo-1916 kwi-English yase-English kunye neMelika yabhala ukuba umbhali uHenry James wasweleka. Unobangela wokusweleka kwe-nololokoli eyaziwayo yayikukuphulwa ukusasazeka kwendlela yokujikeleza kunye nokubetha, okwenzekileyo endlwini ye-sunty yessussex.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1875 - "rodrick hudson"
- Ngo-1877 - "American"
- Ngo-1878 - "Abantu baseYurophu"
- I-1880 - "I-Washington Square"
- I-1881 - "umzobo wabasetyhini"
- Ngo-1886 - "AbaStonians"
- Ngo-1890 - "Imyuziyam yeTragic"
- I-1899 - "Iminyaka engathandekiyo"
- Ngo-1901 - "AMAZIKO"
- I-1902 - "amaphiko ehobe"
- Ngo-1904 - "i-vake yegolide"