Biography
UPhilip Roth ngoyena mntu ubalaseleyo kwi-XX kunye nokuqala kwenkulungwane ye-XXI. Kumashumi amathandathu eminyaka, umbhali upapashe iincwadi, wagalela inkolo nezesondo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umbhali wazalwa ngoMatshi 19, 1933 e-Newukela eNew Jersey State. Malaya Manyhanielland Philip Dala America America Uninzi lwababhali. I-Rota ye-Rota-Hipster Poet Allen Ginzberg kunye nombhali wabacuphi eHarlasi Koban.
UPhilip wakhula kwintsapho yamaYuda, isimilo esichazwe emsebenzini 'wecala elinesidili'. Oosihlohwa bakaBawo, i-Inshurensi yeBhokisi yaseJamani, bahlala kwiSixeko saseKozlov Lviv. Ooyihlo bakanina, i-NEE Bess Femel, kwiindawo ezijikelezileyo eKiev.
Ngo-1950, uPhilip waphumelela kwiSikolo seSekondari Dequeic. Ootitshala bachaza inkampani njengendoda enobuchule bokuqonda edibanisa ubungqina kunye ne-bound. Unyaka wendoda esemncinci ufundile kwiYunivesithi yaseRussis, kwindawo yakhe kwidolophu yakhe, emva koko watshintshela ePennsylvania kwi-Bacnell, apho wafumana khona isidanga se-bachelor nge-biods ngesiNgesi. I-thesis ye-Master kwi-Roth yoncwadi yesiNgesi yakhuselwa kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago.
Intlungu yomqolo, ifunyenwe kwilungiselelo le-SURRRORM, yamkhulula lo mntu kwinkonzo engxamisekileyo. Ukususela kulutsha nakude ngowe-1991, umlomo wafundisa uhlalutyo loncwadi othelekiso kunye neleta yokuyila kwiiyunivesithi yase-US.
Ubomi Buqu
Umbhali utshatile kabini. Imitshato nganye esemthethweni yathatha iminyaka emi-4. Ukusuka kwiqabane lokuqala uMargaret Martinson Filip wadibana ngo-1956, kwaye sajonga ubudlelwane ngo-1959. Xa ngo-1968, kwiminyaka emi-5 emva koqhawulo-mtshato, eli bhinqa lafa kwingozi yemoto, amava ombhali abonakaliswa kwincwadi ethi "Amadoda am ayinyani". Kwangoko, uMargaret waba yi-prototype ye-herne ucocekile kwinoveli "uhle kakhulu."Umtshato ne ongumdlali British Claire Bloom Roth oneminyaka eli-57 ubudala wenza nje kuphela emva kweminyaka 14 ulwalamano, kodwa emva kwihlazo grand ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa umbhali ubomi lobuqu lomtshakazi kunye nosapho lwakhe kwi "Inkohliso" inoveli . Kumsebenzi wabalinganiswa obizwa ngokuba nguPhilip noClaire, ikamva labo bekhumbuza ii mbali zombhali kunye nentanda yakhe. Ngesicelo se-biam itshintshe igama le-heroine.
Kumaimeri oshiya indlu yepopu, uClaire wachaza unyaka wokuqala womtshato wonwabile. Nangona kunjalo, ngokweemvisiswano, ivisisana yathintela umsebenzi wombhali, yaye uFilipu waqalisa ukuzibonakalisa njengemifazi yebhinqa kunye ne-absurrr.
Ngo-1994, umbhali kunye nomdlali we-ortist waqhawula umtshato. Imithombo yeendaba yaphinda yavulwa yikowuti evela kwi-monuarov goom "Inzonzobila phakathi kwamagama nemicimbi yenkampani inkulu." Impendulo yencwadi yomfazi wangaphambili yayingumsebenzi kaPhilip 'umyeni wam - ubuKomanisi ", apho wafunyanwa khona phantsi kwegama likaEva Freamim.
Iincwadi
Incwadi yenkqubo yenkampani, eyayiquka ibali "entle, kuLulbumbus" kunye namabali ama-4, wanikwa ibhaso lesizwe ngo-1960. Emva kweminyaka engama-35, umbhali ophindaphindayo, efumene umvuzo ofanayo ngomsebenzi weqonga leShabit.
Ngo-1962, umbhali wapapasha iNoveli yokuqala yeNovel ". I-pecality yomsebenzi yinkcazo yenxalenye yeziganeko ezivela ebusweni bohlobo oluphambili lukaGabe Wallach, kwaye amalungu avela ebusweni bonke-ukubona umchasi. Kwimeko engaphezulu, i-roths yahlula kanye kanye iinoveli.
Kwiminyaka engama-70s yenkulungwane yama-20, umbhali waphinda wafumana iihlobo, ethandabuza kwi-satire yezopolitiko emsebenzini 'weqela lethu' le-Kafkiyasm "kwi" Stkiyarism "kwi" Stkiyarism "kwisifuba". Ekupheleni kweshumi leminyaka, umlomo wadala ukutshintsha kwakhe - umlinganiswa kaNathan Zuckerman, owayekho kwiincwadi ezininzi ezilandelayo (ikakhulu, kwi-charloral "yaseMelika) njengegorha, umthengisi webali wombhali.
Inyathelo "lesitampu sabantu", apho iZuckerman ikwasebenza, iqhubeka ngokuchasene nemvelaphi ye-Iperating Reflon Station Clinton. UNatan uthetha malunga nommelwane weColemen Silka, egxothiwe kwikholeji yengxelo, ukutyikitywa bubunkokeli njengamadleqwa. Ngokuthe ngcembe, iinkcukacha zembali yeColeman, eyayizama ukuyilibala le ndoda. Kwinguqulo yomsebenzi - ifilimu "yokubekwa kwegama elithi" - Iindima eziphambili ezidlalwa ngu-Anthony Hopkins kunye ne-Nicole Kidman
Kwinoveli "ye-Inforlic nxamnye neMelika", umbhali usebenza kuhlobo lwembali enye. Kwicebo kunyulo lwe-1940, uFranklin Roosevelt uphumelele, kunye nePilot Chadles Lidberg. I-United States iba ziintsholongwane kaHitler Jamer Jamani kwaye kunye kunye kunye nokuthatha isigqibo "kumbuzo ongumYuda". Umqhubi wenqwelomoya, okwi-1927, inqwelomoya engaphindiyo evela eNew York ukuya eParis, ephindaphindiweyo ephindaphindiweyo kunye ne-Anti-Semitic ye-Entist kwaye wayekholelwa ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kwe-american emfazweni kuyanceda kumaYuda kuphela.
Kwiminyaka yesithathu, ukugxekwa rhoqo kwathi umlomo ufanele ukuba abe ngumbhali we-Nobel kwincwadi. Nangona uFilipu waswelekayo, akazange afumane elona bhaso liphezulu lokubhala, iprose yenye yababhali abanesiphiwo. Kwenye yeefoto zokugqibela, inkampani ifakwe kwi-Work's Hasshake Hander Hush "I-American Propeck Obama: Umongameli-Democrated umbhali wembasa yase-US.
Ukufa
UPhilip wasweleka kwisibhedlele saseMattan nge-22 ka-2018. Unobangela wokufa kombhali yayikukusilela kwentliziyo. Ngokuhambelana nentando yomlomo, umlomo uyangcwatyelwa ngabazali kwindawo yamaYuda yaseNewokhork, kodwa engcwabeni leKholeji yeNew York.Umxholo wamalungu obomi boluntu adlula kuwo wonke umsebenzi weproses. Ngakumbi umlomo oqaqambileyo uchasile ukusweleka kothando kwiinoveli ezifike emva kwexesha - ukuchuma "isilwanyana esiswelekileyo" kunye "nesiporho".
Kwincwadi yokuqala, eyinxalenye yokugqibela ye-Trilogy ekwaDevid Kippelka, unjingalwazi osele aluphele, njengoOlelov Sokolov, ijika ijika iguqukele kubafundi. Omnye woDavide othandekayo uyagula ngumhlaza webele. Esekwe kwinoveli ngo-2008, uElizabeth Coiset wadubula ifilimu yefilimu ". Indima ephambili kwifilimu yenziwa ngu-Ben ch vieley noPenelope Cruz. Kwi "Ghost", ukuba yedwa, umbhali uphuma nothando kunye nebhinqa eliselula kwaye uchitha isipho esiselula sokuqulunqwa kweengxoxo ezithandwayo.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1959 - "Farewell, Columbus"
- Ngo-1962 - "Uhonjiso"
- Ngo-1967 - "Wayemhle"
- Ngo-1969 - "Imeko yokuTyhila"
- Ngo-1974 - "Kuyinyani"
- 1990 - "Inkohliso"
- Ngo-1995 - I-Shabit Theatre
- Ngo-1997 - "I-American Prison"
- Ngo-1998 - "Umyeni wam ngumKomanisi"
- Ngo-2000 - "isitampu somntu"
- Ngo-2004 - "iyelenqe ngokuchasene neMelika"
- Ngo-2007- "Ghost uphume"
- Ngo-2011 - "nemesis"
I-Trilogy malunga nokubulala kukaDavide
- Ngo-1972 - "Isifuba"
- Ngo-1977 - "Unjingalwazi Womnqweno"
- Ngo-2001 - "isilwanyana esifayo"
Iinoveli malunga ne-Zuckerman
- I-Trilogy "i-zuckerman epholileyo"
- Ngo-1979 - "I-Newgro Kigro"
- Ngo-1981 - "i-zuckerman yeZuckerman"
- Ngo-1983 - "Isifundo se-Anatomy"
I-epilogue
- Ngo-1985 - "I-Prague Orgy"