Biography
I-Erich Honekker - Indoda eyayikhokele i-GDR iminyaka engama-20 kwaye yafezekiswa ngenkxaso yeSoviet Union eyamkelwa kwinqanaba lamazwe aphesheya. Embindini wenkulungwane yama-21, omnye umgaqo-nkqubo wapapashwa esidlangalaleni, kunye noFascism onobubele, apho abantu babetyholwa ngomceli mngeni kwi-papaganda yasentshona.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Intloko ye-democratic yaseJamani ye-democratic yazalwa kwidolophu yaseNeukirchen South Aar ngo-Agasti ka-1912. U-Erich ngowesine wabantwana abathandathu baseShakhtar Wilhelm Wilhecker kunye nenkosikazi yakhe catharina. I-biography yomgaqo-nkqubo womdala obizwa ngokuba nguyise uzuko lukatata wasikwa empuma ngaphambili ngo-1944. Bobabini abazali i-Erich baphila iminyaka engama-80.
Kwiminyaka eli-10, unyana kaShaketar wangena kumbutho wamaKomanisi wabantwana, kwi-14 ukuya kwi-14 - ukuya eJamani iKomsomol, nange-17 ukuya kwiqela lamaJamani. Emva kwesikolo, iminyaka emi-2 yayisebenza njenge-boarrack kwaye unyaka kunye nesiqingatha sesakhono sokuqhekeza kumalume.
Ngeminyaka yee-1930s honekker, iminyaka emi-2 wayephethe iseli yeKomsomol, wathunyelwa ukuba afunde eMoscow kwisikolo samazwe aphesheni. Umfana othathe inxaxheba ekwakhiweni kweegnets.
Emva kokuba ebuyele eSaar, umKwazi oselula wazabalaza ngesizwe. Ngo-1935, i-Malaya mama theaya i-Erich, eyayikufuphi phantsi kophawu lweli ntlangani yeZizwe, yadityaniswa ngeziphumo zePlebiscitis eJamani, owayesele ekhokelwa ngu-Adolf Hitler. Ebusika bowe-1935, uHonecker wasabela eFrance, kodwa wabuyela kwisiqingatha sonyaka, ehambisa umatshini wokushicilela emgayeni.
Ekupheleni kuka-1935, i-Erich ibanjiwe, ngo-1937 wagwetywa iminyaka eli-10 entolongweni. Ngo-Matshi 1945, uHonecker njengomvuzo wokuziphatha okuhle wathunyelwa entolongweni ye-Bradenburg iziko lokulungisa uphahla kwigumbi labasetyhini kwi-Berlin Street Barimstraee.
Ngexesha le-airliner, i-roofer yasinda kwaye ichithe iintsuku ezininzi kwi-Wizard yenenekazi, kodwa emva koko yabuyela emsebenzini wokwakha. I-Master yongamela i-Master ivale amehlo akhe ukubaleka i-honecker, kwaye amaKomanisi abuyela kwikhamera yakhe. Ngo-Epreli, imikhosi yaseSoviet yakhululwa ngoAprili, kwaye i-Erich yaba yinto engaqhelekanga "yaba yinto engaqhelekanga" yaba ngumxholo wenkqubo kwiqela lamaKomanisi baseJamani.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bomgaqo-nkqubo waseJamani babenogonyamelo. Ngaphandle kokuphakama okuncinci (i-168 cm) kunye nokungathandeki, le ndoda yakunandipha ingqalelo yomgangatho omuhle. Ngexesha lezifundo zakhe kwiSikolo sakhe saseLenin, i-Erich ngokudanisa idibene nentombazana yaseSoviet Natasha, eyaba luthando lokuqala lomKomanisi wokuqala.NgoDisemba ngo-1946, uHonecker watshata noCharlotte Shanuel. Eli bhinqa lalisele i-Erich iminyaka eli-9 ubudala kwaye phantsi kwe-Hitler yayisebenza njengeolawulo lwentolongo yebhinsi yeBarminstraee. YayinguSanuel owenzele i-Erich emva kokubaleka kwiNtwasahlobo yowe-1945 ekugcineni uphahla, emva koko wakholisa ngokuzithandela ngokungathandabuzekiyo. Emva kweenyanga ezintandathu emva komtshato, uCharlotte wasweleka. Unobangela wokufa uye waba yimbonakalo yengqondo.
NgoDisemba ngo-1949, uHonecker waphawula umtshato kunye nomsunguli wolutsha lwaseJamani kunye ne-democratic baseague, e-Edith Bauman, awayesondela kuyo umfazi wokuqala. Iqabane lesibini lalisele i-Erich endala kangangeminyaka emi-3.
Ngo-1950, intombi ka-Eric yazalwa kwintsapho yamaKomanisi, kodwa i-Erich yayisele itshatile nothando olutsha. Esuka eMargot Vist Ngubani okhokela i-GDR ye-EPD, indoda yahlanganisana ngexesha lohambo oludibeneyo ukuya eMoscow kumhla wokuzalwa kukaJoseph Stalin. Intombazana yayimncinci kune-Erich iminyaka eli-15.
Emva kokuba ebuye eBerlin, indoda yayihlala ihleli i-Marchtorch. Ukucaphuka komyeni wakhe, uEdith, wabhala izikhalazo ngokuba yinkokheli yeqela lamaKomanisi le-GDR, kodwa ngo-1952 amabhekile azale intombi ka-Etra. Intombazana ebizwa ngokuba nguShya. Ngo-1953, indoda eyayiqhawule umtshato uEdith watshata noMarchet, owayengekafiki xa athe wasweleka.
Umlingane wesibini wentloko ye-GDR wasweleka ngo-1973, kwaye owesithathu - ngo-2016. Umtshato uSony Honekker neChilean Leonarso Yananes Betanacourt wamvumela abazali bakhe abalupheleyo ukuba bafumane i-antlum yezopolitiko eSantiago.
Ezopolitiko
NgoMeyi 1945, uHonecker wadibana neHenry yaseJamani yamaKomanisi, ukusuka ekwindla ngo-1941, owayeseKuibaiverswev kwaye wakhonza kwisixeko kwimfazwe yemfazwe yaseJamani. Umsebenzi ka-Erich ngokukhawuleza wenyuka. UHonecker waba ngumsunguli kunye nosihlalo weManyano yoLutsha waseJamani. Emva koMnyhadala woLutsha wokuqala eBerlin, unyana kaShaketar wanyulwa umgqatswa wezopolitiko (intlalontle ye-United States).
Kwiminyaka engama-50 yenkulungwane yama-20, i-honecker yayikwizifundo zeqela eMoscow kwaye yangena ekuvezeni inkolo kaNikita Khrushchev yobuntu bukaYosefu. Ngo-1961, i-Erich yenza omnye wabaqali kunye nomququzeleli wolwakhiwo lodonga lweBerlin, eyahlula idolophu ukuya kwi-Western nakwimpuma.
Ngo-1971, uHonecker walandela umzekelo kaBrezhnev, owayetshintshela kwikomiti yokuqala yekomiti ephambili ye-Segg Ulter, owayenomgaqo-nkqubo wasekhaya welizwe. NjengeMoscow Comrade, i-Erich emva koko yabiza igama lakhe kuNobhala-Jikelele.
Nangona iJamani yeMpuma, eyayisebenza kwi-GDR, yayibonakala ngathi ijolise kwinkululeko yezoqoqosho enempahla yempahla kunye neendawo zokutyela ezihlaselayo, i-honecker ngexesha lolawulo loqoqosho lwenziwe. Umgaqo-siseko welizwe ubandakanya i-poteratise yokuvela kwe "isizwe" saseJamani ". Ukungakhathali kuyacinezelwa ziinkonzo ezizodwa. Kwimigaqo-nkqubo yelinye ilizwe, i-honecker ilandela yonke into yeSoviet Union.
Ngokuza kwamandla kwi-USSR, eMikhail Gorbachev, isikhundla sentloko ye-GDR sashukunyiswa. Ngo-Oktobha 1989, i-Erich yashenxiswa kwisikhundla sakhe, kwaye ngoDisemba 5, batyhola ukuba urhulumente ubuncwane nokuphathwa gadalala kwegunya lokuphumelela. NgoJanuwari 1990, i-honecker yayigxothwa endlwini ixakekile.
NgoMeyi 1990, iJamani kunye ne-GDR idityaniswe kwindawo enye yaseJamani, nentloko yakhe yaba yiHelmut. Izityholo zoqoqosho ngokuchasene ne-Honecker zaphelelwa yintsomi. Ityala lombono ye-shorithis yabemi baseMpuma yeHerma, ababezama ukoyisa udonga lwaseBerlin kwaye babaleke entshonalanga, umKomanisi oDala wavuma. Ngenxa yokugwetyelwa kwakhe, i-Erich yathi inani lamaxhoba ali amaxhoba kwi-Vietnam ngamawaka amaxesha angaphezu kwababalekeni kwi-GDR.
Emva kokubhabha kwi-USSR evela kwi-United States ngo-Matshi 1991, i-honeckers, i-honeckers ye-Genady Yannady yi-Yanaev, iDMIMGY YAZOVOV noVladimir Kryuchkov. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweenyanga ezi-5, abahlobo baka-Erich kremlin babahlobo baphuhlile i-Agasti yaphumelela, kwaye imeko yomKomanisi waseJamani yaphosa kabukhali. Ipolitiki yanyanzelwa ukuba ibuyele eJamani, apho ichithe khona iintsuku eziyi-169 kwintolongo yaseMowabit ngaphambi kokufumana imvume yokubhabha eChile.
Ukufa
Amava ahambelana nokuwa komsebenzi wabangela ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wokuphuhlisa i-tumar yomhlaza kwizintso, ezafunyanwa ngexesha lokususa i-gellbladder. NgoJanuwari 1990, uHonecker wafunda ukuba wayenomhlaza, ukusuka kwimabonwakude weendaba. Kwiintsuku ezi-4 emva kweendaba zenkokeli ye-GDR, ithumba isusiwe, kodwa yakwazi ukunika isifo esiSibindi, esatyhilwa ngo-Okthobha salo nyaka.
Umhlaza kaHonecker usebenze njengesona sizathu senkululeko yendoda endala evela kwintolongo kwaye ufumane imvume yokubhabha eChile. Igqala lezobupolitika laseJamani lafa ngoMeyi 29, 1994 eSantiago.