Ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-130 ukusuka kwixesha awayenyuka kwi-42 m ngaphezulu kweZitrato zaseChicago Sokwakha i-Inshurensi yasekhaya, ethathwa njengeyona skyscraper ehlabathini. Umyili we-William Le Baron Jenny wazakhela le nto inomtsalane kwangaxeshanye. Ngo-2020, phantse amawaka ama-5 amawaka "avela kwiplanethi, kwaye iwaka ngaphezulu kwinqanaba lokwakha. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uninzi lwezizalo ze-cyclopic ziwela eAsia naseUnited States, eYurophu Kukwanjalo ne-Elrough Skillys-malunga nesakhiwo esiphezulu seYurophus siya kundixelela le-24cm ye-24cm.
I-Soviet "Tucheseza"
IGigantantia-inkanuko yophawu engeyiyo oongxowankulu bodwa. Iminyaka emi-6 emva kokuba i-skyscreper yokuqala ibhenele emanxuweni (yatsho i-Inshurensi ye-Inshurensi yasekhaya yadilizwa ngo-1931), ukwakhiwa kwebhotwe le-moviel laqala eMoscow. Esi sakhiwo sibalulekileyo, ukuphakama kwendlela ebekufanele ukuba ibe yi-415 m, kunye nenqanaba langoku elixabiso elinomtsalane.Ngelishwa, umsebenzi wobugcisa awuzange unikezwe ukuba ubekho. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo, eyayiza kuba luphawu lombhiyozo weenjongo zobuKomanisi ngaphezu kwamaxabiso ongxowankulu yamazwe aseNtshona, athintele imfazwe yehlabathi yesibini endayiqala ngo-1939.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba i-skyscycrain yezakhono zasilela, kwaye isikhumbuzo se-titter saseLenin sasingamiselwanga ukuba siphakanyiswe ngaphezulu kwelizwekazi lase-Euramia, umtsalane 'kwi-Soviet Ubunkokeli be-Soviet ayizange inyamalale.
Izicwangciso ezibini zeminyaka emihlanu, ukusukela ngo-1947 ukuya ku-1957, zezakhiwo ezi-7 zavela eMoscow, apho abahlali baseRussia nabaphambukeli bayazi phantsi kwegama "i-stalinist ephezulu". Phakathi kwe-tuchemoment "tuchezov", njengokuba abantu baseRussia bebizwa ngokuba yi-skyscrapers naphambi kovukelo, kwadweliswa kwindawo ephezulu kakhulu eYurophu ukusukela ngo-1957 ukuya ku-1990, ukunika isikhundla sokuqala 'messeturma " .
Uloyiso lwaseRussia
Ngo-1997, i-OmilertoBank -bak-skycy skycycraper yapapashwa okokuqala, yaphinda yakhiwa eJamani i-Frankfurt ephambili. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweminyaka esi-8, ubunkokeli kubuhlobo obuphezulu kwinxalenye yelizwekazi belizwekazi babuyiselwa eMoscow - i-64-comintra ye-264 yemitha ye-lemerph ikhula kufutshane ne-leningrad. Ukusuka kule nqaku, 'uloyiso oluphezulu lweYurophu' luhlala lusemva kweRussia, kuphela izikhundla zokuqala zisuka kwisakhiwo esitsha se-metropolitan ukuya kwenye - kwaye sonke kwiZiko loShishino lweSoscow-City.
Olunye ulwazi ngo-2012, xa indima ye-violin yokuqala yaya eLondon 310-imitha i-shard. Kodwa sele ngo-2013, emva kokuphela komsebenzi ekwakhiweni kwe-Mercury City Tender, i-Wedge yabaphumeleleyo kolu khuphiswano yeyona iphakamileyo eYurophu, izakhiwo zibuyiselwe eMoscow.
Ngo-2016, inqaba yasempumalanga ye-ferderal yesona sakhiwo siphezulu seYurophu, esaphulukene nonyaka emva koko sakhiwe kwi-St. Petersburg "iZiko le-Lakhta" eliselunxwemeni lwe-filland.
"IZiko le-Lakhta"
I-skycycraper ye-87 ye-skycy yesona sakhiwo siphezulu seYurophu kakhulu eYurophu yinxalenye ye-lakta yeziko lezentlalo kunye nezamashishini (462 m), apho i-2017 yeyona ndawo iphambili kwi-ofisi ye-PJSC yeGazi. Ukongeza kwiNqaba, isithili esitsha seshishini ezingama-570 amawaka eemitha. Iimitha ziquka esinye isakhiwo esihlukeneyo, esizimeleyo, isakhiwo se-Arch chwork kunye nobunzima bezibonelelo ezizodwa.Umyili we-Arkindlot yayinguyilo lwaseBritane kunye nolwakhiwo lwendalo iRMJM, eyona ntloko yakhe ikwi-Edinburgh. Uyilo lwe-Erluselwe i-SRL lwaphendula abantu, ephumelele ithenda yokubonelela ngeenkonzo. Ixabiso elipheleleyo lolwakhiwo lweshishini liqikelelwa kwi- $ 1.8 yezigidigidi. Ngaphezu kwama-12 amawaka eengcali ukusuka kumazwe angama-20 anomdla kulwakhiwo.
Ngokweprojekthi, ubunzima bokwakhiwa, ukongeza kwiimitha ezingama-300 zeemitha zendawo yeofisi, kubandakanya:
- IZiko laBantwana lesayensi nemfundo;
- Ikliniki yezonyango;
- Iqonga elijongene neqonga elibekiweyo kumda weemitha ezingama-360;
- iivenkile zokutyela kunye ne-cafeteria;
- Iiholo zokubonisa;
- i-afatic amphitheter;
- I-Sport Match;
- iplanethirium.
Akukho zindleko zokwakha ngaphandle kwamaxesha onomdla. Ingakumbi kwimeko xa kufikwa kwiprojekthi enjalo njengolwakhiwo lwesona sakhiwo siphezulu eYurophu. Ilungile kwi-Lakta yeziko le-LAKI.
Iinyani ezinomdla malunga ne "Lakta iziko"
Siqokelele iinyani ezinomdla ezinxulumene nolu lwakhiwo luhle, olusezantsi kwilizwekazi laseYurophu kwi-Eurasian Inxalenye yelizwekazi lase-Estankno, kwisakhiwo esiyilo.
1. Nika iimpawu zendawo ebaluleke kakhulu yaseYurophu - ukuqaqamba kwamanzi kunye nobuthathaka bendawo yokwakha, - phantsi kwenqaba apho abangama-24 eedayimitha, bemka emhlabeni ngeemitha ezingama-82. Ikwabonelela ngoyilo olukhuselekileyo lwesiseko semitha ezingama-30 ubude, iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwesiseko se-skyscraper kunye nokukhusela ifuthe lamanzi aphantsi komhlaba.
2. Sebenza ngokuguqula inqaba yenqaba yawa kwincwadi yeGuinness yeGuinness ye-Guinness Ackatiment yenzekile ukuba ugcwaliswe ngumzali wekhonkrithi wekhonkrithi kungekuphela eYurophu, kodwa nakwihlabathi. Inkqubo iqhubekile kuzo zonke iiyure ezingamashumi amahlanu-ngeli xesha i-19.6 ii-cuic metre zekhonkrithi.
3. Isisombululo sentsusa sasisetyenziselwa ukwenza inqaba ye "Lakta" xa kusenziwa i-"IZiko le-Lakta" - ebizwa ngokuba "yi-Core" igcinwe yonke i-skyscraper, eyokulinda i-iron kwaye Ikhonkrithi, ngaphakathi esebenza, iintambo kunye nemibhobho, izitebhisi kunye nemigodi yenyusi ibekwe. Owona msebenzi ophambili we "Kernel", kwimbono yeenjineli, ukugcinwa kwentembeko yolwakhiwo phantsi kwempembelelo yezi zinto zangaphandle, kubandakanya nomsebenzi we-seismic. Izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwakhona ziqinisekisa inqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko lomlilo-limela ukuya kwiiyure ezi-4 zeflaki ngaphandle kokutshintsha kweempawu ezisebenzayo.
4. Ukulungiselela ukhathalelo, inqaba ibonelela ngeendonga ezikhethekileyo ezisebenza ecaleni kwesakhiwo esisekupheleni kolwakhiwo. Bashukumisela iitoti kufuneka zikhonze eso sakhiwo, kubandakanya nokuhlamba iifestile.
5. Iiglasi ezifakwe kwi "Lakhta kwiziko elithi" I-Lakhta kwiziko elinobunzima be-4 cm kwaye inyanzelise imithwalo ebalulekileyo ngaphandle komonakalo. Yaphula iphakheji ye-Mali-Wile-Maraint ecacisa kwangaphambili ngoncedo lwababingeleli, kodwa nangemipuni.
6. Esi sakhiwo sibonelela ngesibane sangasemva, ngenxa yokuba isakhiwo sinokuguqulwa kweyona Krisimesi iphakamileyo eYurophu. Okokuqala ngqa, le yenziwa nge-31 kaDisemba ka-2018.
7. Isakhiwo sinomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, okoko inqanaba lamafu ngamanye amaxesha lidlula ngezantsi kwe-Spire, inkqubo eyongezelelweyo yezityholo zombane kwigobolondo yenqaba ikwabonelelwa nge-toxode ekhethekileyo.
Inqaba enye
Ukuqukumbela, kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba "iziko le-Lakta" inqaba ebhekisa kudidi lwezakhiwo zolawulo. Kodwa kwiZiko leShishini "iMoscow-City" yakhiwe ngabantu ngenye i-404 m - esi sakhiwo siya kuba sesona sakhiwo siphakamileyo seYurophu, iindleko zendlu eqikelelweyo kwi-420 yamawaka kwi-ruble nganye.