Biography
UGiuseppe Veris ophindaphindiweyo ophindaphindiweyo kwimisebenzi yababhali abadumileyo, nokuba uWilliam Shakespeare (MacB) okanye uVict) okanye uVicto Thugo (dlala "uguqukile ekubeni yi-rigoleleletto). Kodwa kuphela kwimeko ka-Alexander Duma - uNyana, ngokwencwadi ethi "Inenekazi ne-themellias wabhala" i-traviatu ", umbhali womsebenzi obhalwayo wahlala kwi-opera kuphela ngenxa ye-Opera.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umbhali wazalwa ngoJulayi 1824 kwikomkhulu laseFransi. Inkwenkwe yabizwa ngegama likatata-umbhali "umbhali" kunye "neMonte Cristo" - uAlexander Duma - omkhulu.
Xa ukhululwe kwabalingane baba ngumbhali, kwaqalwa unyana wegama elongezayo kwityala lokudideka. UAlexander Junidan henry Bauer, Kwiminyaka yobudala boMbhali "onobuhlobo" ngoonyana bakhe, ngoonyana bakhe, waba ngumbhali.
Njengakwimeko yamagorha "amasinga amathathu" - D'Artagnan kunye nokunyanzelwa kweBoashe, umntu oqhelene nabazali baka-Alexander Duma - unyana wenzeka ngobomi bakhe endlwini. Umama kaMarie-Katrin La Labha wayemdala kunotata wakhe iminyaka eli-8 kwaye wayenesitulo esincinci ekulungelelaniseni nasekulungiseni iimpahla.
Umbhali akazange atshati umntu obhinqileyo owazala amazibulo akhe, kodwa wanceda ngokwezinto eziphathekayo kwaye wamkelwe ngokusemthethweni (ukuba inkwenkwe yayineminyaka emi-6.5 ubudala. I-biography ka-Alexander Duma - umncinci wabonakaliswa kwiincwadi zakhe "unyana wangaphandle" kunye "notata wolahleko".
Kwiminyaka eli-9 ubudala, inkwenkwe yanikwa igumbi leendwendwe, apho phakathi kwabantwana ofunda nabo yayiyi-Aveld De Gohur. Ngo-1839, uDuma Jr. wangena kwiKholeji yasebukhosini ye-bourbon, ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiLiyceum shaptial. Emva kweminyaka emi-2, lo mfana washiya iZiko leMfundo ukuba libe lelinye lawona mabali aphambili eParisian.
Ubomi Buqu
Ebutsheni bakhe, unyana kaDuma wayefana ne-theris enkulu yaseRussis ka-Alexander. Ukufaniswa kwangaphandle, ukuvelela kwabo kwaye ijikajika kuchazwa yinyani yokuba phakathi kookhokho bababhali ababekho. Utatomkhulu omkhulu wombhali "E-Eggenia ye-Onegian" wenzeka e-Etiyopiya, kwaye umakhulu wakhe uAlexander Duma - utata-ukusuka eHaiti. NjengePungkin, uDuma-nyana wambenbard.Ekuqoleni, ukuba yintoni le inokugwetywa ngumfanekiso, umbhali "uneembali zembali" yaba njengotata, ulwalamano olunobuhlobo lwalunxulunyaniswa naye. Kwakhona, uAlexander wayengabahlobo kunye nomYuda ongummangaliso, inenekazi elithembekileyo nelinenekazi laseGeorge Sand, awayephatha njengomama obhaliweyo.
Ubomi bobuqu baseFransi babenogonyamelo kwaye bahlala bebonakalaliswa kwimisebenzi yakhe. Ke, inkosikazi yangaphambili yi-Aristoct yaseRussia yeLidiya Nesselrod, umbhali wazisa "inenekazi elineeperile" kwinoveli. Ulwalamano lothando olunxulumene nombhali onobuqhetseba eMarie noDekl.
Umfazi wokuqala ka-Alexander wayengumhlolokazi wethemba likaPrince Nryshin, awayeyintombazana yaseMarie-Alexandrin-engu-Alexandrin-engu-Alexandrin-ongubomi bendoda yokuqala. Emva komtshato, iqabane lakho lanika umyeni wakhe enye i-shop. Nangona kunjalo, yayiyi-marie-alexandrin utata-Drama enikele inkosazana ethi "Baghlad Princess", intombazana evela kubo bonke abantwana kunye nabazukulwana babelwe utat'omkhulu.
Unomona kunye nokubekwa kweqabane lakhe kunyanzelise uDuma Junior ukuba atshintshe i-arlitte escalier, eyayinguHewer iminyaka engama-40. Emva kokubhubha kwethemba, umbhali watshata inkosikazi yakhe.
Iincwadi
I-Bibliography yombhali ibandakanya iinoveli, imidlalo, isincoko kunye nemibongo. Imisebenzi yokuqala yemibongo, kamva ibandakanywe kwi-almanac ye "Iyono Yobutsha", unyana kaDuma-unyana wabhala kwiminyaka eli-18.
Kwangelo xesha, umfana wabona iKurtizanka uMarie Marie duppessi. AmaRoma anoontanga, odumileyo ngobuhle, uqhagamshelo lwamadoda amakhulu anefuthe, ebiyenziwa kwi-Alexander Sheet, ijijeke eAlexander ngo-1844 kwaye iphele ngonyaka kwinyathelo lombhali.
Ngomhla wamashumi amabini, owayesakuba nguDuma-Nyana wasweleka. Unobangela wokufa komfazi yayisisifo sephepha. Ethuse uAlexander wabhala "inenekazi eline-fumellias", emva koko yaqhubeka nomdlalo. I-Deplesi - i-prototype yophawu oluphambili lweMargarita Gauth.
Isiseko semidlalo emininzi kunye neenoveli kwiDumas-Nyana ebeka uhlalutyo lweziseko zokuziphatha. Umbhali owenzelwe amalungelo abafundi abangekho mthethweni, ngenxa yokunyaniseka kwamadoda akhe noqhawulo-mtshato njengendlela yokuzicombulula ukuba bangatshatanga nabo. Kwangelo xesha, uAlexander wakujonga ukubulawa kwabafazi abangalunganga kunye nabafazi abangavumiyo, kodwa kwabakho.
Ukufa
Unyana kaDuma-unyana usweleke ekwindla ekwi-1895, kwiinyanga ezi-4 emva komtshato kwi-Escal. Umbhali wamanenekazi "ungcwatyelwe kwi-paris montmarte yamangcwaba kumakhulu eemitha ukusuka kwi-Gued Darie Darie Darie.I-EFifigia (iLitye leLitye leScreyty) kwingcwaba lombhali enze uRené de Saint-Marceau. Uphembelela umzobo weDuma-Nyana, emi kwindawo yeParis kwiGreevell-Katra, kwikona echaseneyo yelitye lesikhumbuzo "iMuskeemes" efakwe ngo-1883.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1847 - "I-Adventures yabafazi abane kunye neParat"
- Ngo-1847 - "izono zobutsha"
- Ngo-1848 - "Caesarin"
- I-1848 - "nenekazi eline-gomellias"
- 1849-1851 - "Ukubuyiselwa kwemini"
- 1851 - "Diana Dem"
- 1852 - "nenekazi elineeperile"
- Ngo-1857- "umbuzo wemali"
- 1858 - "Unyana ovulekileyo"
- Ngo-1859 - "utata we-prodigali"
- Ngo-1864 - "Egcwele Abafazi"
- Ngo-1866 - "UClemenser"
- Ngo-1866 - "Inkumbulo yommangalelwa"
- Ngo-1873 - "Mnu Alfons"
- I-1881 - I-Bagdad Princess
- 1885 - "Deniz"