Biography
IsiNgesi sagqirha, i-chemist kunye ne-meteorologist u-John Dalton wafumana uPumo enkosi kwi-Enkosi. Umzekelo, ithiyori yesakhiwo sento ephuhlisiweyo ngabo yaba yinto yokuzibhokoxa ngelo xesha, kwaye umzekeliso onjalo, njengo-Deltonism, ngokwefani yenzululwazi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-biography yenzululwazi yaqala eGlsfield, eCeberland County, apho aya kuzalwa khona ngokuwa kwe-1766. Utata wakhe wayeluthando, kodwa umama wayevela kwintsapho ephumeleleyo yamaBritane - amalungu omtshato wobuKristu, ooko iinkolelo bezichasene neenkcazo zeTestamente eNtsha.
Ekunye noJohn kwintsapho, umkhuluwa wakhe uYonatan wakhuliswa nenkwenkwe eyayineminyaka eli-15 kwisikolo sakhe senkolo sabucala. Ukususela kwiminyaka engama-21, waqalisa ukuqalisa izinto ezithile, nto leyo eyaqhubeka kamva irekhoda ebomini. Lilonke, amawaka ama-20 amawaka eerekhodi aqokelele kwidayari yakhe malunga notshintsho lwemozulu.
Emva kwesikolo, uDalton wacwangcisa ukuya eyokufunda, kwindawo ephambili kubafana abancinci babenezonyango okanye kwezonyango, kodwa bekungakwenzi oko.
Ubomi Buqu
Isikhokelo asizange simnike uDalton ukwakha ubomi bomntu, wayehlala i-bachelor, kwaye wanxibelelana ngesangqa sabantu. Kwimifanekiso egcinwe kude kube namhlanje, amagcisa achaza ukuba ucinga, ugxile kwaye unzulu, owudlulisela ngokupheleleyo umfanekiso womchiza.Isayensi
Umsebenzi wokuqala kubomi bukaDalton wavela ebutsheni bakhe xa wanceda umntakwabo esikolweni, emva koko wazama ukufundisa. Kwaye ngo-1793, umfana wafudukela eManchester, apho wadibana noJohn Gorukh, owathi kamva wamnika uninzi lolwazi lwakhe lwesayensi kwaye wanceda ukufumana indawo katitshala kwikholeji entsha. Kweli thuba wayehlala de kwangama-1800th, emva koko wabandakanyeka kwimfundiso yabucala.
Kwangelo xesha, uDalton uqhubeke nokuzibandakanya ngokwakho, efunda uncwadi, wenza uvavanyo, wenza izinto ezibonakalayo ezenziwayo. Umzekelo, inomdla kufundisiso lweatomism, ngo-1803 indoda yadala eyakhe ithiyom ye-atomies apho kwavunywa izazinzulu ezininzi. Kwixa elizayo, kwingqondo enkulu, inzululwazi yabonisa imodeli yeatom kunye nemigaqo yabo kumzekelo wee-cubes ezinemibala. Emva kweminyaka eliqela yokusebenza nzima kwimagazini yakhe yelebhu, wabhala itafile yokuqala yezikali zeatomic.
Le yayingeyiyo looory yethiyori yeDalton malunga neemfundiso ze-Atomic Molecular. Kwangelo xesha, wenza imithetho emibini entsha yegesi, uxinzelelo olokuqala luchaphazelekayo lomxube wegesi, ochaza uxinzelelo olupheleleyo. Owesibini wancedisa ukumisela ukunyibilikisa komxube wegesi kulwelo, wabizwa ngokuba ngumthetho wokuhluma.
UDaltonism waba sesona sifundo sikhulu kaJohn, obizwa ngokuba yingqondo yobumfama. Indoda eye yaxhwalwa esigulweni, kodwa yayiqonda xa yayiqhutywa yibhotwa. Ukufundisisa olu ncwadi ngesi sihloko, wayedla ngokudibana neenkcazo zezityalo ezahlukileyo kwiintyatyambo, kwaye ukuba wayengenabunzima ngentyatyambo etyheli nemhlophe, emva koko wabona i-rose ebomvu kunye nemithunzi ye-rose. Isiphene sombono esifanayo saya kumntakwabo.
Ukuthelekisa umbono wayo wombala kunye nombono wezithunzi ezifanayo zabahlobo bakhe, le ndoda yacebisa ukuba emehlweni akhe into efana neefilitha eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwaye ke, wakrokrela emva kokuba umntu efile. Uhlobo lomntu lwenziwa, kodwa abaphandi abafumananga nto ikhethekileyo emehlweni akhe. Kangangeminyaka emininzi, lo mzimba uDalton wagcinwa kwimbiza enotywala. Uphando lwenziwa ngo-1995, imfuyo yakwazi ukwabela kwaye iphonononge i-DNA ye-retina, eyamisela ubukho be-galton kuYohane.
Kufanelekile ukuba ukufumanisa ukuba ebomini bonke uDalton akabhale incwadi kunye nenqaku lesayensi elihlala lipapashwa rhoqo, kodwa alisoloko libonwa ngokuqinisekileyo kwiisangqa zesayensi.
Ukufa
Iingxaki zempilo zaqala eDalton ngo-1837, xa wayeno-strooke wokuqala. Ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo yesibini kwenzeka kwiminyaka embalwa kwaye washiya iziphumo ezibi ngakumbi: Waphule intetho yenzululwazi. Kodwa ayithintelanga ekuphandweni kophando. Umchiza akazange abe kwihlobo le-1844, unobangela wokufa yayikukubetha kwesithathu, abangazange bashiye ithuba lomntu.Kwinkumbulo yezinto ezenziwa nguDalton, igama elithi i-Dalton lisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ezibonisa i-atomic yeyunithi yobunzima.
I-Bibliography
- 1793 - Ukuqatshelwa kwe-meteorolos kunye novavanyo "
- I-1801 - "Iimpawu zegrama yesiNgesi"
- I-1808 - "ikhosi entsha yentanda-bulumko yemichiza. 1 Iqulu "
- I-1810 - "ikhosi entsha yefilimi yekhemikhali. I-2 Colom "