Biography
Amakhulu eminyaka eyadlulayo, amawaka abantu abaphilayo bathabatha ubhubhane, kwaye kwabonakala ngathi umntu akanakuzalwa. Intsholongwane ye-One-Insungux yeNdalo yayivakala njengesigwebo, ishiya ithuba elincinci lethuba elingelilo: Ukuba umntu usinde, ngaphambi kokuba ukuphela kweentsuku kwahlala isikhafu esineentloni. Eli thuba linike ubuntu u-Edorr Jenner-Ugqirha wesiNgesi owawokuqala uphuhlise isitofu sokuthintela i-Mubnox kwaye wenza inyathelo lokuqala kwinto edlulileyo ekugqibeleni yakhawuleza yaya kwixesha elidlulileyo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
U-Edward wazalwa ngonyaka ka-1749 kwidolophu yesiNgesi yaseBerkey, igloucestershire, kwintsapho yaseSeken noSara Jenner, owabakhupha abantwana abalithoba. Ngenxa yokuba utata wosapho yayikwinqanaba lababingeleli, inkwenkwe yavulwa ithuba lokufumana imfundo elungileyo. Wayisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo, sele eneminyaka eli-12 esenza isigqibo malunga nomsebenzi: UJenner wagqiba kwelokuba abe ngugqirha. Ekuqaleni, waqinisa iziseko zobuchule botyando kugqirha wengingqi, emva koko wafudukela eLondon.
Ukususela ngo-1770, le ndodana yaqala ukusebenza esibhedlele saseSt. George, apho waqhubeka efunda kugqirha odumileyo kunye novavanyo lo sharter, oye wafaka umfundi wothando kunye nophando. Kwakukho ubuhlobo phakathi kwabo, abazigcinayo ubomi. Wafumana isidanga sonyango ukusuka e-Edward ngo-1772 kwiYunivesithi yaseSt Andrews, apho wawukhusela khona umsebenzi wakhe kuphononongo lwamayeza abantu.
Emva kokuphumelela, umfana wabuyela emhlabeni wakhe, apho waba yingcali. Emva kwexesha wafumanisa le nto eLondon noChelinam, kodwa bahlala bengumhlali waseBerkeley kude kube sekupheleni kweentsuku.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngasihlandlo sithile, uJenner onabahlobo abaziimva kwezilingo ngeebhaluni. Oluvavanyo luncede ugqirha ukuba alungiselele ubomi bakho. Inqwelo moya enye iphelile kwipaki yeAnthony Yordet. Intombi yakhe uCatherine yaba ngumfazi wakhe uEdward ngo-1788. Iqabane libuthathaka impilo kwaye lafa ngo-1815 ukusuka kwisifo sephepha, sishiya umyeni wakhe abantwana abathathu.Ku-Edwardyan unyana, indoda yasiqhuba ukuba iqhube ixesha lokugonywa kunye nokugonywa kwentsholongwane. Ukukholelwa ekunganyameni kwendlela yakhe, inzululwazi yayingoyiki ukubeka ubomi bomntwana wakhe, kwaye yayilungile. Le nyaniso yebhayiloji ngo-1873 yayingafikanga kwi-Skroptige yase-Italiyane MoteveRd.
Iyeza
Njengomntwana, uGenerara wagonywa i-Aspan, kwaye inkwenkwe yayinde kwaye iphinde yafunyanwa kwiziphumo zobuqili, ngelo xesha ibibizwa ngokuba yi-quiomid. Ukugonywa kwe-incox yendalo kwakuqhelisele ngelixa imvulongeko yothintelo, kodwa idla ngokukhokelela kwisifo esosulelayo ngobuqhetseba.
U-Edward waya kwenye indlela. Umfo ongumNgesi waphawula ukuba abantu bathabatha inkomo ye-OSSU, kodwa bayayinyamezela kulula kakhulu: ayikhokeleli kumkhuhlane, ukungqubana okukhohlakeleyo kwaye kushiye kuphela amatshaba amancinci eluswini. Ugqirha ogadelweyo wafumanisa ukuba phantse akakaze athathe inkuthazo yenkomo. UJenner watyhala iJenner kwilinge elinesibindi: Wazisa intsholongwane yenkomo yenkomo ukuya kumama elapho amakhwenkwe eJames James. Ukuzuza inyanga neyesiqingatha, ugqirha wawususa i-OSSE emnyama kwaye enomdla: Umzimba wovavanyo uye waphuhlisa ubugqwetha bokugula kunye nokuzibhokoxa kwakhe kwangqina ukuba ugonyo luyasebenza.
Iziphumo zovavanyo, inzululwazi icaciswe kulo msebenzi "ukufundwa kwempembelelo kunye nemiphumo yokugonya kwi-incox", epapashwe ngonyaka ka-1798. Incwadi ivelise isiphumo sobuchule. Icawa yenkolo ye-Yaro yayichasene nenyaniso yokuba izinto "zezinto ezisezantsi" zaziswa emzimbeni womntu. Kwaye isayensi yenkqubela phambili ivumile ukuba ukuvulwa kukaJenner yinguqu kumlo wokulwa i-PCO kunye negalelo elibalulekileyo kumayeza nakwi microbiology.
U-Edward ubeke yonke imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi lokugonywa lusasazeke ngokubanzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kwimeko yeminyaka, ugonyo lwenkomo yenkomo ifakwe eNgilane kwaye ngaphaya kwemida yayo, ekhokelela ekugqibeleni ukuba esi sifo sibephule ebusweni bomhlaba. Inyaniso yokugqibela yosulelo irekhodwe ngo-1977, kwaye ukusukela ngoko intsholongwane ithathwe kakuhle.
Ukufa
Iminyaka edlulileyo yobomi bolwazi yayihamba kunye nozuko nembeko. Igama elithi "ukugonyo" uqobo lunyanzelekile ukuba luthathwe nguJenner, kuba luvela kwi-Latin yeVenkile, ethetha "inkomo". Kwimifanekiso engaphambili kagqirha kwikona, incwadi ibekwe ngomfanekiso wesi silwanyana.U-Edward waba lilungu elinokuhlonela i-UK yoluntu lwesayensi kunye namanye amazwe aseYurophu. Wafumana idigri yesayensi, amabhaso avela kurhulumente kwaye wade wasekwa kwiZiko le-18033 labasebenzi, elakhokelela ekupheleni kweentsuku. Inzululwazi yafa ngo-1823, unobangela wokufa wawubetha. Umbulelo kugqirha ugcina bonke abantu, yiyo loo nto ingqondo yakhe ingafikanga kungekuphela nje kwimifanekiso emininzi emi nangaphezulu inyanga, eliligama lakhe.
I-Bibliography
- 1798 -Ukuzibuza kwizizathu kunye neziphumo zophawu lwe-variolænænænænæ
- 1799 - Ukuqaphela okuthe kratya kwi-variolænænænænænænænænænænænænænænæn
- I-1800-Ukuqhubeka kwezibakala kunye nokujonga ezinxulumene ne-virriol goncun
- I-1801 -Imvelaphi ye-inoculation yogonyo