Ukukhwaza kwesothuso, ukugculelwa kombane kunye ne-DEATE ehamba nokuntywila kwezigulana ezigudileyo - ezoyikekayo ezingathintelwanga malunga nezibhedlele zengqondo. Ubulungisa ngenxa yokukhankanya ukuba ayizizo zonke iintsomi eziqhelekileyo kunye neentsomi malunga neenyuko ezizodwa ziintsomi. Ukuze kwenzekeni, izinto ezothusayo zenzeka, kwaye iindlela zonyango ezisetyenziselwa ukuphilisa izifo zengqondo kwakunzima ukuba zibizwa ngokuba zi-humane. Ngeli xesha, abahleli be-24cmi baya kusixelela ngezibhedlele ezoyikisayo zehlabathi nakwezinye amabali anxulumene nenyaniso.
I-Australia "Ararat"
Ibekwe e-Australia, isibhedlele sabantu abakhubazeke ngengqondo 'i-Ararati ", savulelwa ngo-1867, saziwa ngeendlela zalo zonyango. Kwakungeyona nto iphambili kwiklinikhi yengqondo njengomshicileli, enzelwe umxholo wobabini ophambukeli kunye ne-binopomethane, kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho ekukhubazeke ngokwengqondo.I-Syndrome, i-PostPartum yokudakumba kwabasetyhini, i-Autism- kule nto 'inyathelwe "apha ngoncedo lweyona nto injalo i-Lobotomy kunye ne-electrosusproy. Rhoqo ngonyaka, malunga nekhulu labantu babhubha ezindongeni zesibhedlele, phakathi kwabo bengaguli kuphela, kodwa noogqirha. Ngexesha, ngo-1998, iklinikhi "i-Ararati" ivaliwe, bangaphezu kwamawaka ali-13 abanesigulana namagosa amaziko amaziko avela kumagosa eekonyango afe apha.
Ngoku isibhedlele sangaphambili sesibhedlele saziwa njenge-aradeal kunye nemisebenzi njengekhampasi yeKholeji yaseAustralia. Kwakhona, kukho ootyelelo lohambo apha, apho amathuba aya kulibona ithuba lokuhlola isakhiwo sakudala: Ukutyelela i-Wiards, tyelela i-Morgue kwaye uhamba ngeendwendwe, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba udibane umoya ongaphumliyo.
I-Tonton: Ukungabina
Idolophu encinci yaseTaunton kwi-Manate State States Massachusetts yayiyinto edumileyo kwiSibhedlele se-Psychitric Social Festechitric apho, eyayiqhubeka kwaye iqhubeka ihamba eyahlukileyo yamarhe kunye neentsomi. Ivulwe ngo-1851 kwaye yasebenza ngaphambi kokuba isibhedlele sengqondo soyisondlo se-1975 sinyanzelekile ukuba singamfanele umfazi.
Intombazana egama linguJane Toppan yasebenza kwisibhedlele seTonthon eTongin kwaye ngexesha lomsebenzi wobugcisa wathumela ngabom abantu abangaphezu kwe-pivoti ayo. Umsebenzi wezempilo waphinda wavavanywa ngamachiza, ngokubona kwawo, ngokutshintsha komxholo we-itropitine ne morphine ngamalungiselelo amiselweyo. Waba ne-orgasmic lonwabo kule mizuzwana xa abantu abanetyhefu abantu babhala ngokuzibulala.
Xa kusenziwa i-chane ye-jane, "wabuya" kwisigulana sendlu yakhe yekhaya, kuba samkelwa njengokuthi sigula ngengqondo. UToppan waxoxa ukuba injongo yayikukuba "ukubulala kangangoko kubanokwenzeka."
Ngenxa yophando "iimvavanyo", amahemun owoyikayo ahluthwa amahemuni abonayo, othi zonke izibhedlele ngamaSathana acwangcisa ii-massite zegazi kwaye azise izigulana ngexesha lenkcubeko emnyama. Emva kweminyaka eli-160 yomsebenzi, isibhedlele sasisavaliwe, kodwa abemi beTonan basaziqinisekile ukuba ezindongeni zayo ungadibana ngezigulana ezibulewe ngequbuliso.
"Ukulinda": I-lancashir shrendal
Ukuqhubeka noluhlu lweyona nto imbi yengqondo yengqondo ". Nangona umhla waseburhulumenteni wokuvulwa kweklinikhi ye-Whotkitham, ekwisithili sedolophu yaseSityhileka yaseLancashir, ithathwa ngokuba yi-1 Apreli-1873, ngolwazi oluthile, ngelo xesha abaguli abangaphezu kwekhulu sele behlala ngaphakathi Umhlaba weziko kwaye wade wancedwa ekwakheni. Kwabo badlule ukuvulwa kweminyaka, iyeza, elibandakanya kuphela izidumbu, kodwa i-ross "izakhiwo, kodwa uqhagamshelo lwefowuni, urhwebo, urhwebo Iivenkile, iifama zakho, umdaniso kunye neeholo zekonsathi kunye noololiwe. Ikliniki ijika yaba sisixeko esincinci, abahlali bawo bahluke kubantu abaqhelekileyo.Isikrelemnqa, esivelise ubunzima bamahemuhemu ezijikeleze iziko, saqalisa kwinkulungwane yama-60 yenkulungwane yokugqibela. Ukuziqhelanisa kubasebenzisi bezonyango baphephe abasemagunyeni ngengxelo malunga neemeko zesisu zokuvalelwa kwezigulana zesibhedlele. Ngokutsho kwabaqalayo kubasebenzi bezempilo, izigulana zagcinwa ziphantsi kweemeko ezikude nemigangatho ecocekileyo, eyayinefuthe elihle ekusasazeni ngokubanzi kwePediculosis. Azange zihambelane neemfuno kunye nokutya okuyondliwa abaguli. Kwakhona, amaNgqina ephazaza abonisa ubundlobongela emzimbeni osetyenziswe ngokunxulumene nezigulana kubasebenzi. Emva kophando, iqela labasebenzi bezibhedlele lasuswa kwimisebenzi yezonyango, abanye bahamba ngemivalo.
Iziko lezonyango lalivaliwe ngo-1995, kodwa ihempe malunga nokuphathwa gadalala okukoyikisayo kunye neemvavanyo zangaphakathi ezingaphandle kwekliniki ezandisiweyo ziphindaphindwe unanamhla. Kwaye abantu, bakwazile ukuba bangene kwintsimi yesibhedlele esishiyiweyo, qinisekisa ukuba babone i-phenomena esoyikisayo.
"Ranges" Madness
I-Hovard uthando alunakulindeleka, ngaphandle kweengxaki zabo zinobusuku kunye nelixa lentlungu labazali, olwakhe linxibelelana nokuhlala esibhedlele lesixeko saseAthene, kamva watyelela igama elithi "ranges", ekhoyo eOhio. Kodwa isilwanyana sobuhlanya ngamabali abhaliweyo I-wizard eyaziwayo ye-wizard eyaziwayo iya kufunda ngokuthe ngqo apha.
Iklinikhi yokugula ngengqondo yavulwa ngo-1874 kwaye ngexesha lobukho bekwazile ukunika amarhe othusayo, ezinye zazo kufuneka zimkelwe, zazingekho kude nenyaniso. Ke, ngokungakhathali kwaye kugwetywa rhoqo ngendlela yonyango lonyango, nangona kunjalo, kwakuhlala kusetyenziswa kuloo minyaka nangamanye amaziko afanayo, ayekho ngokuhamba nge-Lobototopy, i-hydrotherapy, akukho nto iguqulweyo yokuphumla kunye nokuthambisa kwamanzi, kodwa kodwa rhoqo "ukuhambisa" isiguli sokudakumba kunye nobomi. Phantse abangama-2000 amangcwaba asemangcwabeni asemalunga nama-2000 abezibhedlele, kumatye emisele, endaweni yamagama, amanye amanani ankqonkqozwayo, bonisa ikamva lendawo.
Kodwa eyona ngozi eyoyikisayo, eyenzekileyo ezindongeni zeziko, ngoku le yeyunivesithi yaseOhio, kwaye uninzi lweeofisi kunye neMyuziyam yeKinedyyy ithathelwa ingqalelo ukuba inyamale i-70s yenkulungwane yama-20, isigulana, Umzimba kabani wafumanisa ukuba igumbi lalo lalilahlile. Endaweni apho kufunyaniswe isidumbu, indawo enegazi ihleli. Ukuba, ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba amaphukudu, andikwazi ukuyihlamba. Amabali malunga neziporho ezizuvanya kwiipaseji kunye neziporho ezichithwe ekuthiweni kwezakhiwo zokulala ezihamba nge-russings kunye nokuncwina kwehla kuvalwa esibhedlele ngo-1993.
I-pennhurst: isikolo sentlungu
E-United States of America, amaziko amaninzi oluleko kunye nezonyango, apho zonke iintlobo zeentsomi ezimangalisayo kunye ne-vita i-vita ooloyiko neyothusayo. Kuyinyani kwisibhedlele se-pennhursst psychic ePennsylvania, evule i-1903 engeyiyo iklinikhi egula ngengqondo, kodwa nesikolo sasezisekoni sabantu abakhubazekileyo.Iminyaka embalwa yomsebenzi ojikeleze iziko laqala ukusasaza amarhe ogqirha abafudukele ekutoneni kwezigulana: Kwizindonga zesibhedlele "ilawula" i-therutly the bitly, ivuselele kwingxabano engenamsebenzi Ngamalungu kwaye ukutyhala ukuze uzibulale.
Emva kolunye unyango lokucaphuka kukawonke-wonke ngo-1987, ikliniki ivaliwe, ishiya zonke izixhobo kunye nefanitshala endaweni. Ukukhohlela okunqabileyo okhokelayo ukuya kwintsimi yesibhedlele esishiyiweyo, uxelele iziporho kunye neepolitiki ezihlala ezivela kumagumbi okulinda ezingenanto, kwaye zihamba ngenkululeko yomntu. Nangona kunjalo, iminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo, isibhedlele sathenga umbutho wabucala ukulungiselela ukucwangcisa umtsalane we-pennhurst of fuylum apho. Ngoku, ukuthenga itikiti lesikolo esibhedlele kwindawo yabaququzeleli kuya kuba nakho nakubani na, njengakuqulekwe ngokobuqu, ukuqinisekisa inyani yeziko lezinto ezoyikisayo. Kuyinyani, ukungena kwabantwana kule nto yoyikekayo kuyalelwe.
I-Trenton: "Kunobukrelekrele" Henry Cotton
I-fameme esebenzayo ekhoyo ngo-1848 kwaye isebenza ukuza kuthi ga ngoku isibhedlele i-Trench yasePsychitric Toston, ibekwe kwikomkhulu leNew Jersey, inyanzelekile ukuba ijongane nokunyanga i-Superintendent. UGqr Henry Cotton wafunda eYurophu ekubanjweni kwengqondo eqaqambileyo - phakathi kootitshala bakhe kukho i-Alois Alzheimer, i-Edolf Meyer Delir, eyavakalisa imibono yonyango. Ngokucacileyo, iingcinga zikaMatira ngokubhekisele kwezizathu zokugula ngengqondo zityhalele uGqr. I-Cotton yokudala iindlela zabo zokuphilisa izigulana.
Ukuthembela kulwazi olufunyenwe ngo-1913 ukuba kwizigulana ezine-syphilis, intsholongwane ye-pathogenic ibangela ukoyisa ingqondo kunye nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, uHenry wacebisa ukuba usulelo luyakwazi ukukhupha kuphuhliso lwe-psyches. Ukuqala 'ngembewu yeentsholongwane, umlomo, uGqr Cotton waqala ukususa amazinyo egulayo, okokuqala nge-cavives kunye namathumba, emva koko asempilweni. Ukugcina impilo yokomoya kwindlu yakho, lo msebenzi "wenkululeko" uzivelele kuye, kunye nenkosikazi yakhe nabantwana. Kodwa ekubeni "izigulana" zekhompyuter azizange ziyeke ukona, uHenry Cotton wafudukela kwinqanaba elitsha - waqalisa ukusasaza imithombo yosulelo losulelo, ethi "ezinokubaguli" ezinokubakho "ezilahlekileyo "Ukusuka kwitafile esebenzayo kwangoko kwingcwaba.
Amakhulu obubuleweyo kunye namawaka amawaka atyunyuziweyo ngezandla zomntu omnye-umphumo we-henry vinry vinry cotton, osweleke ngo-1933 ukusuka kwintliziyo. Ngapha koko, ngokwendlela eyaphuhliswa nguye, kwisibhedlele saseTrenton saqhubeka ukuphathwa de kube ngama-50 kule nkulungwane idlulileyo. Mhlawumbi akukho mabali awothusayo malunga nemimoya kunye neentsomi ezidolophini ziya kulingana neziganeko zobunzima ezizenzekele kwesi sibhedlele.
I-SinePHON: Indlu ye-Ghost
Ukujonga ukwakhiwa kwe-9-dogy ye-SainPukhun kwisithili saseSainpukhun eHong Kong, kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba kukho i-psycho yoyikeka yengqondo kule ndawo inobuqaqawuli bendawo "yendlu yesiporho" ye intabalala yamaziko kwiipaseji kunye namagumbi amaziko. Ngoku kuphela i-gaide esibhedlele.
Ekuqaleni kwakhiwe ngo-1892, ukwakhiwa kwasetyenziselwa ukubuyisela abasebenzi bezonyango, kodwa emva kweMfazwe yeHlabathi iguqulwe yaba sisibhedlele sengqondo. Ngokutsho kolunye ulwazi, ngexesha lezenzo zomkhosi, iKomiti yezoNyango ibanjiwe kwimikhosi yaseJapan, ibeka ulawulo lokwenza isohlwayo kuyo, kwiindonga zecala lamakhulu amahle aqhekeze ubomi. Iintsomi ezimalunga neziporho ezihlala apha zasasazwa emva kokuvalwa kwekliniki-ukusukela kwi-70s, isakhiwo sahlala sizilahlile, saza sakhalela ukuba izikhalazo zayo ezingenanto, zivakala. Abanye beqinisekile ukuba babona umntu ongumthonyama ongaqondakaliyo wabizwa ngokuba "yinkalipho." Ngapha koko, zonke iintlanganiso kunye ongaziwa zenzekile kumgangatho wesibini wentiyo yengqondo.
Kwiminyaka yee-90s yenkulungwane ye-XX, iSixeko sikarhulumente wagqiba kwelokuba asidilize isakhiwo, egcina indawo yokuqala. I-perestroika yaphela ngo-2001 - ngoku kukho iziko loluntu kwindawo ye "ndlu yeziporho", apho ii-ofisi zeqela leqela lezinto ezizalisekayo zikhoyo.