Ukuwa kwe-Addatus eqhutywa yi-screw entywine ngokungakhathali ngempawu zabo eziphezulu. Iihelikopta ezikhawulezayo emhlabeni zikwizinto zethu zoshicilelo.
8. Umda ophantsi
Ngokusebenzisa isantya esiphezulu senqwelomoya, iya kuba sengqiqweni ukunciphisa umda "umbundu wokungena" kuyo ukhula ngesantya se-300 km / h. Nangona kunjalo, ayiyi kuba yinto engathethekiyo yokukhankanya iihelikopta ngefutshane, nokuba awubandakanywanga kolu luhlu, kodwa unezimpawu ezinomtsalane.
I-Boeng Ch-47 "Chinook" - ihelikokhi yaseMkhosini yaseMkhosini kwinkonzo kwimikhosi yase-US kwimfazwe yeVietnam. Imodeli ibekwe ngo-1962, imodeli idlulise ukuphuculwa okuphindaphindiweyo kwaye iyaqhubeka isetyenziswa kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yasemkhosini kwihlabathi liphela. Ukusuka kwiingxabano zokugqibela ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwalo matshini-screw-isenzo somkhosi kwi-Iraq kunye ne-Afghanistan. Ngaphandle kobungakanani obunomtsalane kunye nezingenzi zangaphandle, le helicopta yasemkhosini, ukuba kukho imfuneko, iyakwazi ukubhabha ngesantya sama-285 km / h.
Yenziwe yinkxalabo ye-European nge-euh-granco-i-helicopter ye-helicopter ye-Arlicopter NH90 iyakwazi ukukhawulezisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-291 km / h. Yakhiwe ngo-1995, imoto ikwinkonzo kumazwe ali-14 ayinxalenye ye-North Atlantic Alliance. Ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiimeko zemozulu ezinzima emhlabeni naselwandle-utshintsho olukhethekileyo lwehelikopta sele luphuhlisiwe ukuba lusetyenziswe kumkhosi wenqanawa.
Yenziwe kwi-70s kwaye yamkelwe kwi-1980s yoMgaqo-nkqubo we-1980 i-MI-26 iyaqhubeka nokuthwala inkonzo kwiindawo zokusebenza komoya waseRussia kunye namazwe ali-15 kwihlabathi liphela. Enkosi kwiimpawu ezigqwesileyo zokubhabha, ukuvumela ukuphucula isantya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-295 km / h, kunye nemfuno yexabiso eliphantsi, le modeli iqhubeka inyanzelekile ukuba isetyenziswe emkhosini kunye nokubulawa kwabantu.
7. Mi-28n
Ukuphuhliswa kwe-okb mila kwaye wathunyelwa ngo-2013 Mit, eRussia, ekubhekiswa kuyo njengo "Wambise Ubusuku", sele ekwazi ukuzibonakalisa njengomlinganiso onokuthenjwa Ihelikopta ngexesha lokusebenza komnqophiso e-Antiria.
Ukuphuhliswa kwe-MI-28, eyathi yayiphethe nguMyili kaMhlambi we-Moscow yehelikopta. I-Mile uphawu lwe-Weinberg, laqala ngonyaka wenkulungwane yama-78 yenkulungwane edluleyo njengenxalenye yokhuphiswano nge-Kamov Bureau, kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-4 i-4 iprotokupoupope ikhutshiwe. Ukusukela ngoko, uyilo lwehelikopta luye lwavavanywa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane entsha ifumene iifom zokugqibela.
Iqela lehelikopta likwazi ukukhwela emoyeni kunye nomthwalo wokulwa kwe-2,5 iitoni ezimbini. Isantya semodeli, esingesongezwe emkhosini we-Russian Federation, ikwase-Iraq no-Algeria, yi-Algeria, i-265 km / i-300. Ayisiyo ihelikopta kuphela kumgca othe ngqo: Umatshini ophumeleleyo uyakwazi ukwenza abaqhubi beenqwelo moya, kubandakanya i-Barrel, i-Nesterov Loop kunye ne-Immelman Coup.
6. Intsapho yesifuba
Kwindawo elandelayo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ubeke iimoto ezi-3 ngaxeshanye-Izikhombisi ezihamba-hlula kwezi modeli zikufutshane, kwaye zonke iihelikopta zidalwe ngumbutho omnye - i-Anglo-Italian Inkampani ye-Agastiawstland.
Okokuqala kuqaphela imodeli ephuhliswe kwaye yenziwa yinkxalabo yeHlabathi - ihelikopta, iboniswe neMerlin, ikwinkonzo eDenmark, ePortugal, eNgilani naseMelika. Ngapha koko, ukusetyenziswa koomatshini akupheliswanga kwiithagethi zomkhosi-Iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo ziyaphuhliswa, kubandakanya abantu. Iqela labasebenzi liqulathe abantu aba-2. Ubunzima bomvuzo-ukuya kwi-5.5 yeetoni. Yenziwe ukuphuhlisa isantya ukuya kwi-309 km / h.
I-Austawutyled yengqondo elandelayo yi-Austawist yi-Aw139, ekudaleni apho i-Bell American I-Bell I-Bell I-Bell Aveliopters ithathe inxaxheba, i-rose yokuqala emoyeni ngoFebruwari 2001. Kwaye sele i-2020 ye-2020 isebenza ngokungaphezulu kwamazwe angaphezu kwama-20. Abaqhubi bale modeli bandakanya iRussia apho inkxalabo egqibe kuyo isivumelwano sentsebenziswano malunga nokuveliswa kweenguqulelo zoluntu zale nqwelomoya kwiimfuno zemibutho yaseRussia. Lawula ihelikopta ye-2 yepeyinti, i-salon yenzelwe abantu abayi-6-15 kuxhomekeka kulungelelwaniso oluthile. Umda wesantya-i-310 km / h.
Imodeli ka-Aw109 ngophawu lomnxeba oluhle lwe-hirundi, oko kuthetha ukuba "ukuginya", kwadalwa kwiminyaka engama-60 yenkulungwane ye-Italiyane, ngaphambi kokuba kubekho i-Italiopta ye-Italiopta ye-English Pkc . Kwaye ihambelana ngokupheleleyo nesidlaliso sayo esithambileyo - ireyithi yokuba lo matshini uyakwazi ukuphuhlisa, osebenza ziinkonzo zomkhosi nezemimandla yase-Itali, yi-311 km / h, kunye nomthwalo oluncedo weetoni.
5. mi-24
Inxalenye yehelikopta edumileyo yehlabathi kunye neyona nqanaba lesibini elixhaphakileyo, elibekwa kwindawo yokuhlelwa kweNato labekwa igama "Lan" - le yi-MI-24, esele ikwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba ukusuka kwindiza yokuqala ngoSeptemba ngo-1969 ukuthatha inxaxheba kumtya wonke wokungqubana kwezinto ezimbi kwiplanethi. Umatshini wamaZiko, ophuhliswe yi-OKB isiqingatha senkulungwane yenkulungwane, ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje isetyenziswa ngokukuko ngumkhosi oxhobileyo wamazwe-uhlengahlengiso lwe-heliptapta yempembelelo ixhaphaza ngaphezulu kwamazwe angama-60.
Kwiprojekthi ye-MI-24, ukuqala kokudalwa okwabekwe ngulo mmiselo weBhunga laseSoviet Union Doma 6, 1968, kwenziwa uphuhliso, ngaphambili lusetyenziswe kuyilo lweemodeli I-Bureau. Ngexesha lokungena kolu ngcelele, ihelikopta yaseSoviet, ngakumbi ngakumbi kubemi baseRussia kunye ne-CIs phantsi kwegama lesidlaliso "leCrocodile", yaba sesibini kwilizwe laseMelika "ye-cobra" - Ah-1.
Inqaku elahlukileyo le-MI-24 likhabhathi yolawulo lwe tandem, apho umqhubi wenqwelomoya kunye nomphathi weqela labakhweli bafakwe kwenye. Enye into ebonakalayo kukunxaxha okuphambuka kwe-wing kwindiza enesiseko se-12 degrees, enkosi kuye kwisithathu sendawo yokuphakamisa yenziwa. Ihelikopta iyakwazi ukukhawulezisa kwindiza ethe tyaba ukuya kwi-335 km / h.
4. KA-52
I-Russian Crootta yeHelicotta ka-52 "i-alligator", yenzelwe ukwenza ubukrelekrele kwaye yoyise ubuchwephesha bomhlaba, kubandakanya i-tomored, efakwe kwimikhosi exhobileyo yeRussia yeRussia ngo-2011. Kwaye ngo-2015, ukutshintsha komatshini wokuhamba ngenqanawa oye wangena okokuqala. Njengama-2020, abanini-gazi abalupheleyo bangamazwe amabini kuphela emhlabeni - iRussia neYiphutha, esagqitywa kwisivumelwano semveliso yokudluliselwa kwezixhobo ezingama-46.
Sebenza kwiprojekthi ye-coalcast yesizukulwana esitsha sesizukulwana esitsha saqala kwi-Kamov Ojc phakathi kwe-90s. Owona myili uphambili wekopi enamava yenziwa nguMongameli weShishini leShishini leShishini le-viktorovich mikeeev. Ukudalwa kwehelikopta kwenziwa kusetyenziswa izinto ezazisetyenziswa ngaphambili xa kusenziwa omnye umatshini kwisekethe ye-coaxial ye-screws, ethatha inxaxheba kule thintelo, i-K-50.
I-KA-52 sele ikwazile ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiimfazwe kwintsimi yeRiphabhlikhi yaseSyria yeRiphabhlikhi kwaye, ngaphandle kweengxaki zobuchwephesha ezikhokelela kwingozi yendlela enye, bezibonisa njengeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yotshaba lotshaba. Iqela lehelikopta liqukethe abantu aba-2. Umatshini unokukhawulezisa kwindiza ethe tyaba ukuya kwi-350 km / h.
3. KA-50
I-Sergey Mikheyev, Sergei Mikheyev, wakhonza njenge-prototype ukudala i "USergigator", emva kweminyaka eli-15 ngaphambili, umatshini wokuqala we-hydrocarm, waba ngumatshini wokuqala we-ceaxial screen. Kwisigama saseNtshona, le moto yeSoviet, kwiminyaka eli-15 emva kokuwa kwe-USSR, emi enkonzo yaseRussia, yazi phantsi kwamagama athi "umkhohlisi" kunye "ne-nearwolf". Kwi-Russia nabantwana baseCis, elinye igama liqhelekile kakhulu- "shark emnyama".
IBhunga labaPhathiswa le-USSR lagqiba kwelokuba liqale ukudalwa komatshini omtsha wokulwa, enzelwe ukutshatyalaliswa kwamandla aphilayo kunye netekhnoloji, kubandakanya phantsi kweMeko yeMeko yezopolitiko, ngoDisemba ka-1976. Umsebenzi ubeke phambi kwe-Okb yesibini ye-Okb, i-mile kunye nekamov, ithe yabonisa uyilo lwemoto engaphantsi kophuhliso lwaseMelika kwicandelo lolwakhiwo lwehelikoptal - i-AH-64 "" APACH ". Ngenxa yoko, ingcinga yehelikopta yendawo yokulwa, kwingcambu eyahlukileyo kwimibono yemoto yomkhosi welinye ilizwe, yayiyinto entsha.
Ukongeza kwisekethe yokuqala esetyenziselwa oomatshini abaphantsi komhlaba, ubuchule bezinto ezintsha babusika umntu omnye-umqhubi weenkqubo zompu ukutshintshela kwizixhobo Kwaye ukubaleka uye kwiPilot kuphela. Nangona okwangoku iihelikopta zayekiswa kwaye zisetyenziswa njengoqeqesho, oku akusirhoxisi iimpawu zabo zokubhabha-"shark" ezimnyama "zinokuhlakulela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-390 km / h.
2. Ah-64
Hlasela ihelikopta 64 "I-Apache" sele ikhankanywe apha ngasentla, ibizwa ngokuba yinye yezizwe zabemi bomthonyama zelizwekazi kwi-15 lemikhosi yeplanethi, kubandakanya Umkhosi womoya we-Israel kunye nemikhosi yokuzikhusela yaseJapan.
Ngexesha lokususela kumzuzu wokudalwa, imveliso yecandelo lezomkhosi laseMelika, lenziwe yi-Hughes Hilikopta kwaye iqatshelwe ngeyona ndawo iphambili ye-United States, ikwazile ukuthabatha i Umkhosi wase-US ukuya ePanama ngo-1989 kwaye ephelisa kunye nokusebenza kwe-namen.
Isigqibo sokuqala komsebenzi ekudalweni kwemodeli ekwaziyo ukutshintsha i "COBU" kwaye ayizange ifikelele kwithemba le-chayen elibizayo "i-chayenne", yamkelwe ngo-1973 kwiCongress yoMbutho ongengo-15 wase-American " , usombulule umbono wokukhulisa inqwelo moya ethembisayo. Emva kweminyaka emi-2, i-prototype inyuka emoyeni, kodwa ihelikopta yasebenza emva kweminyaka eli-9.
"I-Apped" ihlala intshabalalo yehelikop ye-US Army ukusuka phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-80s yenkulungwane yokugqibela yale mini-ngemveliso eneempawu zeqhinga kunye nezobuchwephesha kunye nezobuchwephesha ziyaqhubeka ngokupheleleyo Cwangcisa umkhosi. Ewe, kwaye iimpawu eziphakamileyo zivumela ihelikopta ukuba ifike kwindawo oyifunayo ukuxhasa imikhosi yomhlaba - inqwelo moya inokukhawulezisa ukuya kwi-365 km / h.
1. I-Eurocopter X3.
Imeko yehelikopta ekhawulezayo ehlabathini ifumene isampulu yovavanyo ye-hybrid edibanisa ukujikeleza kwendiza ethe tyaba ephethe i-provel ye-prover ephethe i-provel yomkhwa we-5-blade. Yenziwe yinkampani yaseFransi-yaseFransi ye-EuroCopter, i-helipus entsha ephindaphindiweyo, i-Heliplan X3, yenziwa ngendiza yakhe yokuqala ngo-2010, yayenzelwe ukukhawuleza ukuya kwi-410 km / h. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweminyaka emi-3, isampulu yovavanyo babonisa ukuba iyakwazi ukuseka isantya senqanaba lendiza elinama-472 km / h.
Njengakwi-2020, le projekthi ifuna utyalomali olunzulu lwezezimali, i-vinokylah ayizange inomdla kubathengi. Ikopi eyakhiweyo ikwimyuziyam ye-quarmonatics kunye ne-cosmonatics yesixeko saseParis, nangona umsebenzi uyilo loyilo, zezo iinjineli ziqwalasela ukuthembisa, qhubeka.
Kwakhona, kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo ibichaziwe ukuba eRussia, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka ukwenza ihelikopta ekhawulezayo, ekwazi ukufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-700 km / h, phezu koyilo olusebenzayo kwiZiko leSizwe lolwakhiwo lwehelikopta , evele ngenxa yokudityaniswa kwe-Okb ezimbini ze-Okb kunye ne-mile kunye nekamov. Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi oluchanekileyo xa iprototype yokuqala iza kuphakama emoyeni kwaye leliphi iprojekthi, akukho xesha langoku.