Biography
Umbhali waseMelika uHermann Melville, abathandayo babiza eyona nto inzima kwaye bebunzulu balomntu ababhala ngohlobo lokuthandana. Kwixa elidlulileyo, unesibindi satiilor-Whehor, wafumana udumo kwiminyaka engama-30, kodwa emva koko waphulukana nokuthandwa kwakhe, kuba sahlala sithembekile kuye kwaye sasingazami ukukholisa uluntu. Umdla wesibini onomdla kuMsebenzi weMelville waqala nge-1920, emva kwemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, efikelela kwincopho nge-1950s. Umbhali wamkelwa njengeencwadi zehlabathi zehlabathi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umbhali wenoveli edumileyo "i-moby dick" yazalwa ngehlobo le-1819 eNew York. Waba sisithathu senzala esibhozo iAllan noMaria Melville.
Utatomkhulu wobhali-umbhali wexesha elizayo yayingamagorha emfazwe yehlabathi yenkululeko, iguquko. Omnye wabo waba nenxaxheba kwipati ye-boston tea, owesibini wayalela ukhuselo lweFort Stanvix ngo-1777.
Utata kaHermann wayenesiFrentshi kwaye wachitha ixesha elininzi eYurophu, owayengumthengisi weHrafdaba. Umama, ukongeza kwisiNgesi, wafunda isiJamani kwaye wayiqonda ngokugqibeleleyo iBhayibhile. Umntwana wesithathu obhaptiziweyo wabhaptiza umfundisi wecawa yamacwaziin. Intsapho yayihlala echuma, abaqeshekileyo kwaye bashukumisela iminyaka emi-4 kwindlu ebanzi kwaye benzakala, benzakala ekupheleni kwe-1820s kwi-broadwal.
Xa yayiphuma kamva, intloko yentsapho yayingaphilanga imali, ibole imilinganiselo enkulu katata, ke ngoko kumyeni oninamhlolokazi. Ekugqibeleni, uMelville-ophakamileyo watya imali enkulu, waphule, waphuluke ngokuziphatha, emva koko wasweleka xa wayeneminyaka eli-13 ubudala. Lo mfo wayengenakuyigqiba isikolo kwaye waya kwenza imali yosapho.
Ngo-1838, uMelville wathatha umhambisi kwinqanawa yokuthengisa isiNgesi. Emva kweminyaka emi-3, wafudukela kwi-Whailing Schooner, ekhupha uLwandlekazi lwePasifiki. Ukuxabana nomphathi, ngo-1842, uHerman kunye nomhlobo wangena kwelinye lamaMarquis, echitha iiveki ezininzi phakathi kohlobo Aboriginal.
Wasishiya esi siqithi ngenqanawa yomnenga ukusuka e-Australia. UHerman Melville unokufika kwi-sushi ngo-1844, afika eBoston.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu, njenge-biby yendalo yokuyila yaseHerman Melville, yayiquka ulonwabo olugqwethekileyo kunye nokungaphumeleli kunye nosizi.Ngo-1847, uMmisi wayenosapho. Umfazi uElizathi ubonise umyeni wakhe wabantwana abane, abathanda abantwana neentombi. Oonyana ababini, uStanvix noMalcolm, wasweleka. Enye yeentombi ezigulayo igunene, kwaye okwesibini bajika bamjika ke kuyise.
Intsapho yabaphambukeli engaziwayo ye-genius yaphosa ubukho obuthobileyo. Ifoto yeMelville igcinwe, kodwa ayaziwa ukuba iqabane lakhe kunye nabantwana babebonakala njani.
Iincwadi
Ngaphandle konyaka omncinci we-4, ukuwa kwebhadula kutyumbile kwimisebenzi yoncwadi. Emva kokuba efumene izinto ezityebileyo ebutsheni, kwaye wacela amaphepha, owashiya idesika, uMelville oneminyaka engama-25 akazange athandabuze kwaye kungekudala uthathe ipeni. Izincoko zokuqala ziinovelwano ze "Thai" kunye "Yow" - zaphuma ngo-1846 nango-1847 zaza zamkelelwa ngokufudumeleyo ngabafundi.
Ngo-1848, uMelville wapapasha incwadi entsha - i-MARD ROM. Ndoyike imisebenzi emibini yokuqala, ukukhanya kunye ne-adventres epheleleyo, abalandeli badakumbile: Umbhali watshintsha umxholo nohlobo.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1840, i-bibliography yagcwaliswa ngemisebenzi emibini-ncwadi "ye-rafburn" kunye "ne-bushhlat emhlophe". Ngoku abafundi abaninzi bagatya iziqhamo ze-luba prosaik. Ezi ncwadi azithengiswanga, ezichaphazela imeko yezinto zentsapho yeMelville.
Ngo-1851, i-novelist yazisa umsebenzi wobugcisa wayo obizwa ngokuba ngu "Moby Dick, okanye ikhithi emhlophe". Inoveli yayingeyonto ye-adventure. Umsebenzi wabhaptizelwa ngumfundi kwinyani yobugqwetha, apho kulawulwa khona ukungangqinelani, kwaye iminenga ngokwayo ifuzisela ukuba uThixo ukhona na uMtyholi. Abantu ababephila ngexesha labo bobabini abafundi kunye nabagxeki - inoveli yefilosofi.
Impendulo enjalo kwindalo inyanzelisiwe uHerman Melville ukuprinta ezi zinto zilandelayo phantsi kwePseundenym. Kwi-1855th, inoveli yembali malunga ne-hero-prolisal yomxhasi, kunyaka opapashiweyo "kwiVeranda". Kodwa zombini ezi misebenzi nokulandela oku kulandelayo azibuyi kumbhali wobuqaqawuli wangaphambili.
Lo mbongo "Clarleyl" awuzange wamkele uluntu. Umsebenzi wokugqibela libali malunga ne-bililor billy billy billde-iphele ngeMelville ngo-1891, kodwa epapashwa kuphela ngo-1924. Incwadi yangena kwiNgxowa-mali yeGolide ye-American kunye noncwadi lwehlabathi, kodwa umbhali akazange ayamkeli le nto. Kuphela kusemva kokuba inoveli yakhe kuphela yayijongiswa ziikowuteshini, kwaye umdla wabantu baseklasini wabonakala kwimonofoni yeebhayigrafi ezininzi.
Ukufa
I-classic yasweleka ngoSeptemba 1891 kubuhlwempu kunye ne-ablivion. Unobangela wokufa yayikukusilela kwentliziyo. UMelville wafumana iminyaka engama-72.Iikowuti
"Ndiyindoda, ndibuthathaka, kodwa ndikulungele ukulwa nawe, ngqwabalala, ngumthonyama!" "Isidenge esikhulu sihlala siqaqanjelwa xa sizalwa siphakathi kothando lwabantu" "ngakumbi Imizamo oya kusebenza kuyo yokukholisa umhlaba, oyena mntu ulindileyo! "I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1846 - "i-tii, okanye ukujonga ngokukhawuleza ubomi basePolynesia"
- 1847 - "Oma: Ibali malunga ne-Adventures kumazantsi elwandle"
- Ngo-1849 - "MARDI kunye nokuhamba apho"
- Ngo-1849 - "Redburn: uhambo lwakhe lokuqala"
- I-1850- "i-bishlate emhlophe, okanye i-SIP ye-SIP"
- I-1851 - "i-moby dick, okanye ikhithi emhlophe"
- I-1852 - "ipierre okanye i-ambiity"
- Ngo-1855- "umbuleli uSirayeli. Iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu yokugxothwa kwakhe "
- 1856 - "Amabali kwiVeranda"
- Ngo-1857 - "template: I-Masquerade yayo"
- Ngo-1865 - Imifanekiso yeMfazwe kunye namacala ahlukeneyo emfazwe "
- Ngo-1876 - "I-Slarel: Umbongo kunye nohambo kwiLizwe Elingcwele"
- Ngo-1888 - "UJohn Marr nabanye oomatiloshe"
- 1891 - "Timoleon"
- Ngo-1891 - "Billy Billy Bigh, I-Marsa Tailor"