Biography
I-Dina Kambinskaya-Igqwetha elizabalaza kumaXesha aBrezhnev yeyona micimbi ingenaxabiso. Phakathi kwabathengi ababhinqileyo babenethintela i-Alisoly Marchenk, Barsa Bogoraz, Vladimir Bukovsky kunye ne-Istafa gemile.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Idlelane yamalungelo oluntu lazalwa ngoJanuwari ngo-1919 kwi-Ekteriniva. Xa intombazana yayineminyaka esi-7 ubudala, idolophu yakhe yabizwa ngokuba yiDnepropetrovsk, kodwa iKaminsky yayihlala ngo-1926 kufutshane neMoscow. Intsapho yafumana isiqingatha se-gotage kunye nazo zonke izinto eziluncedo.
I-engazange ibonwe ngaphambili yimigangatho yaseSoviet, intlalontle ye-Kaminsky ichazwa sisikhundla sikaTata Dina. Indoda, phambi kovukelo, owafumana imfundo esemthethweni kwaye esebenza ngumlawuli we-ofisi ye-Russian-Asia Bhanki, eBhankileni i-Serving ye-USSR, ixhaswa ngemali yolwakhiwo lwelizwe leSoviet. Okothusayo kukuba, uIsaac Efimovich, owayekwazi ukundwendwela kunye ne-erset, kunye ne-cadet, basinda ingcinezelo ye-stalinist kwaye bafa kubudala obunzulu.
Kwincwadi ethi "Amanqaku egqwetha", uDina Isaakovna uxela ukuba wayephupha njenge-uNdozhda obhov njengomntwana. Utata wacoca intombazana ukuba ayithande iBahu neMozart, i-Pushkin kunye Shakespeare. UIsaac Epimovich akazange awamkeli inguquko, kodwa kwiincoko neentombi (uDina nodadewabo osele ekhulile) baphephe iimvavanyo zezopolitiko.
IKaminskaya yakhula kunye novulindlela othembekileyo, ukonwabele ukufikisa kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwiminyhadala yesikolo. Phakathi kwabahlobo bokukhuselwa, uDina wayeyimbongi ku-Paul Kogan Kogan.
Ngo-1937, le ntombazana ingena kwiZiko lezoMthetho leMoscow. Njengabalingane abafunda nabo, wayefuna ukuba ngumphandi okanye umtshutshisi.
Ubomi Buqu
Ulutsha lweDina Kamanskaya utshatile nomntu osebenza naye kunye nontanga we Konstantin Mikhailovich Sis. Ubomi bobuqu bamaqabane bungachazwa libinzana elithi "Baphila ixesha elide" kwaye bafa ukuba akukho suku ngenye imini, 2006.
Ekupheleni kuka-Oktobha 1947, ukuphela konyana kaDmitry wazalwa kwisibini. Kwiminyaka engama-60 yenkulungwane yama-20, amagqwetha amane ayekhutshelwa kabini kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow State ye "Anti-Sovie-Soviet". Ebutsheni ngo-1973, uSimis kunye nenkosikazi yakhe wafudukela eUnited States. Ifani yendoda, ngoku ehleli eWashington, ivakaliswa eMelika njenge-SIMS. Umzukulwana waseDina Isaakovna kunye noKonstantin Mikhailovich ubizwa ngokuba yi-DMMMMMY.
Umsebenzi
I-halo yothando yomphenyi ihambile iKaminsky emva kokuziqhelanisa nomfundi kwisithili se-leningrad yaseMoscow. Intombazana yabona ukuba phakathi kwamagqwetha isabelo sabantu abafundileyo baphakamile kakhulu kunabatshutshisi kunye nabagwebi, uluhlu lwezinto ezenziwa ngabasebenzi abazicebisayo. Intlupheko yabantu abatyholwa ngobusela bepropathi yontlalontle bayothusa i-Dina. Kwaye iKaminskaya yagqiba kwelokuba ibe ngumkhuseli, hayi umtshutshisi.
Ekuqaleni kwekhondo lomthetho, uDina wayelingana namagqwetha amabini eMoscow. I-Leonid Zakharovich Katz, eyona bhayoloji yalo mthethweni lwamiselwa ngaphambi kovukelo, lwazisa zonke iinkcukacha, kuya kuba zezona kangako. UNikolai Nikolayevich Mulovisov rhoqo akafundanga xa kusenziwa iseshoni yenkundla, esazi ukuba zonke izinto ezingahambelaniyo ziya kukwazi ukufumana ngexesha lokuxoxwa ngexesha lokuxoxwa. Iintetho ze-milovvov zifana nengxoxo yethemba nenkundla. I-Leonid Zakharovich ifumene igama lesidlaliso laseNkosini, kunye noNikolai Nikolaevich - i-shaman.
Izifundo I-Katsa kunye neMilovidmov beziluncedo ngakumbi kwiKaminsky, xa sele zisekupheleni kweminyaka engama-60 waqalisa ukukhusela umtyholwa kwezopolitiko, kwaye azingawo amanqaku olwaphulo-mthetho. Umzekelo, xa wayekhusela iVladimir Bukovsky, umfazi wabuza kwinkundla yamatyala kwiNgqina ngalinye lesityholo elalixambulisanga ukuba ummangalelwa wayengenguye neposta, umbuzo obomvu, umbuzo obomvu, umbuzo obomvu. "Biza indawo yakho yomsebenzi," biza indawo yomsebenzi, utshilo uDina Isaakovna. Xa kwakrokrela ukuba onke "Amangqina angenamsebenzi" akhonza kwiyunithi yomkhosi enye, ubunzima bobungqina babo bancikisiwe.
Ngo-1971, iKaminsky yamkelwa kwimicimbi yezopolitiko. Iminyaka emi-6 emva kokuncinwa kweKGB, uDina Isaakovna nomyeni wakhe bafudukela eUnited States, apho babehlala khona unyana wabo.
Kulo yokushiywa, uDina Isaakovna baqhubeka nemisebenzi amalungelo oluntu, wangena iqela Helsinki, umyeni wakhe, kwakhokelela "Voice of America" yaye "Radio" Freedom ". Ifoto ye-Munich yowe-1978 igcinwe, apho iKaminskaya inxibelelana nabanye abachasi, kubandakanya i-cronid lubar kunye ne-lymila alekseeva.
Ngo-1984, ibhinqa lenza ukuba i-DEBT yakhe ibe ngumbhali, ukupapasha "amanqaku egqwetha". Ngo-2011, kwi-Inarusant, intatheli uAna Narinskaya watsho ukuba ifilimu yeKaminskaya kuyakuba yifilimu enkulu kuhlobo lwenkqubo - i-teppers, enje "i-boston Amagqwetha ".
Ngo-2018, umbono waphunyezwa nguMlawuli Vladimir Cott. Ungcelele lwamanqaku athi "Abathengi" ngokusekelwe "Amanqaku egqwetha" abaphulaphuli babona ngoMatshi 2020 kwijelo lokuqala. Kwiqhaweri ye-hilie, uNina Metitskaya, odlalwe nguMarie Broj, abadaliweyo kwifilimu badityaniswa neempawu ezimbini zabakhuseli amalungelo oluntu - iiphopheni zeKaminsky kunye neSophia Callistratovaya.
Ayisiyo kuphela iinkqubo zezopolitiko, kodwa nakwezinye iimeko eziphakamileyo, apho abamangalelwa bakhusela uDina Isaakovna, "ityala labafana" kunye "nemeko yePortas" bafuduselwa encwadini. Kwimeko yokuqala, iKaminskaya ikwazile ukuqaphela ukuqaphela kwabantu abakwishumi elivisayo ababini, ngokungafanelekanga ngokubulala ukuzibulala. Kwigqwetha lesibini labathengi yayingu-Artist iValentina Mayovina, otyholwa ngokubulala i-stanislav zdanke.
Ukufa
UDina Isaakovna wasweleka kwidolophu enye ye-Hower, njengomchasi oyintloko wevoti ye-USSR ZBBINIVIVIVICMKY. Intliziyo yombhali "yegqwetha" yayeka ukubetha ngoJulayi 7, 2006. Okubangela umdla kukuba, ezona zinto zibangela ukufa kwabagxeki abadala benkqubo yeSoviet ayikuqondwa.